decrease vt.&vi.减少；降低n.减少；降低

①People planted trees on the waste hills to decrease water loss and soilerosion.人们在荒丘上种植了树木,以减少水土流失。

±b{\wp} The price of wheat decreased by 15 % last year.
去年小麦的价格降低了 15 % 。
±b{\otimes} The number of new students decreased from 210to160 thisyear.
今年新生人数从210减少到了160。
4 That magazine has decreased in size, but not in quality.
那份杂志版面已缩小，但质量并未降低。
The demand for tea is on the decrease in this area.
这一地区的茶叶需求量在减少。

联想拓展

（反义词)increase vi.&ut.（使）增长,增多n.[C,U]增加,增多
{increase by...增加了......
increaseto...增加到.....
increase from...to...
从.……增加到….
(on theincrease在增加

语境助记

We have seen a marked decrease in the number of accidents since these safety measures were taken.

自从采取了这些安全措施，我们已经看到事故数量显著减少了。

denyvt.否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受；拒绝给予

(1)deny (doing） sth. 否认(做)某事 deny十that从句 It can't be denied that... 不可否认···· There is no denying that.. . 母庸置疑.····；不可否认…···
(2)deny sb. sth. = deny sth. to sb. 拒绝给某人某物

①He denied taking money but we were sceptical.

他否认收受了贿赂，但我们很怀疑。

±b{\wp} Some scientists deny the existence of aliens but need further evidence to confirm this view.

一些科学家否认外星人存在，但需要进一步的证据证实此观点。

① Ourcoaloutputis 4/5 ofthatof last year—that is, it has decreased 20 %

⊚ The population in this country is the decrease.

③ 科学家们正在设法充分利用自然
能源来减少空气污染。（decrease）
The scientists are trying to make
full use of natural energyair pollution.\circledast 在过去的几十年里，由于全球变暖，北极的冰一直在减少。(decrease)
Over the past decades, the ice inthe Arctic as aresult of global warming.

⑤ 和去年由交通事故造成的死亡人 数相比，今年交通事故导致的死亡 人数已经减少了 30 % 。(decrease) The number of the deaths caused by traffic accidents this year 30 % , compared with that of last year.

特别提示

deny doing= deny having done
He denied knowing anything about their plans.
He denied having known anything about their plans.
他否认知悉他们的计划。

③It can't be denied that we need to devote more resources to this problem.

无可否认，我们需要投入更多的资源来解决这个问题。

4Some has witnessed the accident, so don't waste time denying that it's your fault. 有人目击了这场事故，所以别浪费时间否认这是你的错了。

There is no denying that protecting the environment is of great importance.
不可否认，环境保护十分重要。
He denied the students a chance to speak.
= He denied a chance to speak to the students.
他拒绝给学生讲话的机会。

quantity ±b{n} .量；数量；大量

即学即练单句语法填空

（1)aquantityof大量的，许多的十可数和不可数名词均可，作主语时谓语动词用单数
（2)quantitiesof大量的，许多的 ^{+} 可数和不可数名词均可，作主语时谓语动词用复数
(3）in largequantities/inquantity大量

①Quality is more important than quantity,but without quantity there can be no quality.

质量比数量更重要，但没有数量就没有质量。

②Quantities ofnutswereonthe table.桌子上有许多坚果。

桌子上摊着许多食物。

④A large quantityof beer was soldout.大量的啤酒被售出了。

1 know you once participated in the Robotics Competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated a large quantity of/ largequantitiesofexperience.我知道你曾经参加过机器人大赛并获 奖，所以你一定积累了大量的经验。

联想拓展

表示数量的词或短语：

① 修饰不可数名词的:a large amount of，much，a great deal of，a little等。
⊚ 修饰可数名词复数的:many，dozens of，scores of，a great/good many，a number of，a few等。
③ 既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词的：plentyof，alot of，lots of，some等。 ① He denied the money
his son.
⊚ There's no (deny) that quickeractioncouldhave saved them.
③Neil denies (break) the window.
④ can't be denied that this has been a difficult year for the company.

即学即练单句语法填空

① A large quantity of money （collect）to help those suffering from the floods. ⊚ In the first place, vehicles send large quantities of poisonous gases which （be）a major source of air pollution. ③ （quantity）of food and tents were sent to earthquake stricken areas from Shandong. \circledast For example, a large quantity of laws (make） to reduce the carbon emission.

sPy vi．从事间谍活动vt．突然看见n．间谍

ispy on/upon.. 意为“暗中监视…···窥探···ispy sth.out 查明，了解清楚(某事)la spy story/novel/movie 间谋故事/小说/电影

①Managers feel it is their duty to spy on the workforce.

经理们认为暗中监视员工是他们的职责。

2They were accused of spying on a rival company.
他们被指控监视公司竞争对手。
③He was charged with being a spy for a foreign government.
他被指控为外国政府充当间谍。
4I'm going to spy out a suitable place to meet.
我准备去察看一下，找个合适的会面地点。
In the distance we spied the Pacific for the first time.
在远处，我们突然第一次看到了太平洋。

联想拓展

spy out the land侦察地形;查看情况sPy out 秘密监视sPy plane 间谋飞机sPy satellite 间谋卫星即学即练完成句子

① 他们正在设法探明敌人的位置。 They were trying to
⊚ 警方一直在暗中监视着那个男人 的动静。
The police have been
③ 他正沿街走着，突然看见了一位 老朋友。
He was walking down the street whenhe

addressvt.设法解决，处理，对付；写（收信人）姓名地址，致函；对...·演说/演讲n.地址；网址；（正式的）演讲（比speech更正式的说法）

(1)address a(n) problem/question/issue 解决问题 address oneself to sth. 设法解决某事
(2)address... to... 将....寄给…
(3)address a meeting/conference 在会议上发表演讲
(4)give/deliver an address 作演讲 ① We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.
我们必须设法解决交通污染问题。 ±b{\mathscr{e}} The manager said that I should address my application to the Personnel Manager.
这位经理说我应该把我的申请信寄给人事经理。

±b{\otimes} The letter was correctly addressed, but delivered to the wrong house.信上的姓名地址写得都对，但被错投到另一家去了。

④He is due to address a conference on human rights next week.
他下星期将在一个大会上发表关于人权的演说。 She was asked to give/deliver a formal address at the ceremony.
她受邀在典礼上致辞。

熟词生义address vt.称呼

The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name.
瑞士人往往比较庄重,相互之间用姓氏称呼彼此。

>即学即练判断下列句子中 address 的词性及含义/单句语法 填空

① I haven't received the letter he addressed to me last week yet.

⊚ The manager will address at a meeting on some current affairs.

③ The professor gave an address to the college students. \circledast Air pollution is one of the many problems being addressed by the scientists at the conference.

\circled{5} The letter was returned because the person whomthe letter was addressed had died three years ago.

associatevt.联想，联系vi.交往，（尤指）混在一起associatedadj.有联系的；相关的，有关联的associationn.联系，联想；关联交往；协会，联盟，社团

(1)associate... with... 把.·.和.··.联系联想在一起 associate with sb. 与某人交往
(2)be associated with... 与..有关，与…..有联系
(3)in association with. 与….联合 我一想到瑞士就联想到阿尔卑斯山。
2I don't like you associating with such people.
我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。
③In the public mind, he is closely associated with comedies.
在公众的心目中，他总是和喜剧片紧密联系在一起。
4It is very easy to memorize difficult words or sentences when they are associated with interesting things.
如果将难记的单词或句子与一些有趣的事情联系起来，记住它们就 轻而易举了。

特别提示

associatedwith在句中常作定语。
It is reported that there are many health problems associated with smoking.
据报道，有很多健康问题和吸烟有关。

语境助记

We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless. 我们正联合一家当地的公司，为无家可归的人筹款。

bury \nu t .埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入

即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子

① In children's eyes, the Spring Festival is always associated
delicious food, family gatherings and lucky money.
⊚ Whentalking about China, people often associate it
the Yellow River.
③ While there are many positive developments
(associate） with the Internet, there are also certain fears and concerns.
\circledast There is no evidence of a significant （associate）between household income and life satisfaction. \circled{5} 一闻到烤面包的味道，我就想起 了我的童年。
I always the smell of baking bread my childhood.
\circled{6} 这本书是与故宫博物院联合出版的。 The book was published
the Palace Museum.

bury... in... be buried in... = bury oneself in..．专心致志于.... bury one's face in one's hands 某人双手掩面

±b{\Sigma} Their ambitions were finally dead and buried.
他们的雄心壮志最终消亡而被埋葬。

±b{\wp} The dogburiedits bone in the garden.狗把骨头埋在了花园里。

③He was buried in a novel( =He buried himself in a novel) , so he didn't notice me come in.

他埋头读小说，所以没有注意到我进来了。

±b{\mathbb{o}} The little boy buried his face in his hands and wept when he heard the bad news.

当那个小男孩听到那个坏消息时，他双手掩面而泣。

When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean,an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.当这些生物死亡时，它们将碳埋藏在深海中，这是一个有助于调节全球气候的重要过程。

即子即综毕可后法职工/结司
bury的相关用法完成句子
① He was sitting with his head (bury） in a book.
② in his experiment,
the expert even forgot to eat his lunch.
③ If you find yourself wanting to (掩藏你的感情)
deep inside, don't do it. Instead,
express them in a reasonable way.
\circledast The volcano erupted and the lava
（岩浆）poured down the mountain, (掩埋了几个村庄).
\circled{5} Whensherealisedwhathad
happened to her children, she （双手掩面）andcried.
\circled{6} Since he took over the project,
he
(一直埋头于他的工作).

highlight n.最好(或最精彩)的部分vt.突出,强调；使醒目

①The highlights of the match will be shown later this evening.
比赛最精彩的片段将于今晚稍后播出。

②Our teacher highlights the need for good communication between teammembers. 我们的老师强调团队成员之间需要进行良好的沟通。

③1 have highlighted the important passages in yellow.
我用黄色标出了重要的段落。

语境助记

Highlights include China's most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou's rolling hills, waterways and peaceful temples. 亮点包括中国最神圣的泰山山峰、杭州起伏的丘陵、水路和宁静的 寺庙。

concludevt.&vi.（使）结束，终止；断定，推断出；达成，缔结，订立

(1)conclude... from... 从....….中推断出. conclude (from sth.） that... （从某事中)推断/总结出.……
(2)conclude(...）with... .….结束（…. conclude (...） by doing.. 以做.…结束（……. to conclude 最后(作结论用语)
(3)conclusion n. 结论;结束 arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion (that...) 得出（.…·…的结论 in conclusion 最后；结论是 jump to the conclusion（that...）贸然断定（......） ①It's difficult to guess what they will conclude from the evidence.
很难猜测他们会从这项证据中得出什么结论。

②The report concluded that the cheapest option was to close the laboratory.这份报告认为最省钱的做法是关闭实验室。

③Let me conclude my speech with a saying: Where there is a will, there is a way.

请让我用一句格言来结束我的发言：有志者，事竟成。

④ He concluded by wishing everyone a safe trip home.
他讲话结束时祝愿大家回家一路平安。 To conclude, I'd like to express my thanks to my family.
最后，我要对我的家人表示感谢。

Scientists have come to the conclusion that the temperature on Earth is getting higher and higher. 科学家们已经得出结论：地球上的温度正在变得越来越高。

±b{\oslash} We will have a further discussion before we drawa final conclusion.在得出最终结论之前，我们将作进一步的讨论。

In conclusion, I'd like to say how much I've enjoyed staying in your beautiful country.

最后，我想说，待在你们这个美丽的国家，我过得很快乐。

即学即练完成句子

① 我旅行中最精彩的部分会是在巴黎,那是我一直渴望去游览的城市。is to be inParis, the city I've always longedto visit.
② 在提交申请时，你应该突出那些使你成为这份工作的最佳候选人的成就。
While making an application,
that make you thebest candidate for the job.

语境助记

With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions.

根据我们的研究，我们现在可以自信地得出结论：至少有一些狗能区分人类的面部表情。

即学即练单句语法填空

① Those are the facts; what do you conclude them?
⊚ The story concluded
the hero's death.
③ I've come to the conclusion
he's not the right person for the job.
④ conclusion，she wished her comrades every success in their work.
\circled{5} Some people jumped hurriedly to the （conclude）that something must be wrong.

justifiedadj.合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的justifyvt.替....辩护；证明......正当

be justified in doing sth. 证明做某事是正当的 justify oneself to 为某人辩护 justify (sb. /sb.'s) doing.. 证明/辩护...·.

①I think he was quite justified in refusing to help her. 我认为他拒绝帮助她是有相当正当的理由的。 ②How can they justify paying such huge salaries? 他们怎样证明付这么大笔薪金是正当的呢？

即学即练单句语法填空

① She couldn't justify herself the officer why she might be on the spot.
⊚ I think he was
（justify） in asking his friend to explain that problem.
③ The experiments justify
(change） the normal method of work.

·第二版块|重点句型解构

(教材原句）At the moment, delivery drones are mainly used for military action and disaster relief, like the distribution of medicines during emergencies, especially to places that are hard to reach by othermeansoftransport.目前，货运无人机主要用于军事行动或救灾，比如在紧急情况下分发药 品，特别是到通过其他交通方式难以到达的地方。

[句式分析]“n./pron. ^+ be+adj. ^+ todo”句式中动词不定式用主动形式表被动含义
在该句式中，句子的主语与动词不定式之间是逻辑上的被动关系，形容词表示主语的特征或性质。
①Thecakeiseasytomake.蛋糕很容易做。
②Theairinthecountrysideisfreshtobreathe.
乡下的空气呼吸起来很新鲜。
③Thecarisn'tsafetodrive.开这辆车会不安全。

>即学即练单句写作① 这个问题很难回答。

⊚ 这个箱子搬起来很轻。

\boxed{12} 特别提示

③ 这支笔写起来很流畅。

① 该句式中的不定式一定用主动式，不能用被动式。② 如果动词不定式结构中的动词为不及物动词，注意补充与主语搭配的相应介词。如：He is easy to get along well with.他很容易相处。Thechair ishard to sit on.这把椅子坐起来很硬。

\circledast 和他交谈很有趣。

（教材原句）Another risk is that people might take advantage of drones to harm others.
另一个风险是，人们可能利用无人机伤害他人。

[句式分析］表语从句

特别提示

(1)含义：在句中充当表语的从句称为表语从句。这种从句往往是进一步对主句的主语进行解释说明。
（2)引导表语从句的连接词有连接代词（what,who，whom，whose，which）,连接副词（when，where，why，how）以及 that，whether,as if/as though，because等。
① that引导表语从句
that引导表语从句时仅起连接作用，无任何意义，在从句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。as iflas though/because等引导表语从句
①as iflas though 引导的表语从句常置子系动词look，seem，sound,be，become 等后面。
②because 引导的表语从句常见于“"This/That/It is/was because."句型中。

±b{\Sigma} The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals.

第一个人类独有的特征是，与其他动物相比，人类有非常大的大脑。(江苏高考)
⊚ whether引导表语从句
whether引导表语从句时起连接作用，意为“是否”，但在从句中不作任何成分。
注意：if不能引导表语从句。
②The question is whether we can rely on him.问题是我们能否信任他。③ 连接代词引导表语从句
连接代词what，who，whom，whose，which等引l导表语从句时，除了在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还可充当主语、表语、宾语等成分。±b{\otimes} "Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea." This is what mymother used to tell me.
“每次吃甜食时要喝绿茶。”这是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的。
\ensuremath{Q}) 连接副词引导表语从句
连接副词where,when,why,how引导表语从句时，除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还分别充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语。
4The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting theWaterPark.
我们上一次玩得很开心是我们参观水上公园的时候。

语境助记

It seems as though he doesn't know the answer.
看起来他好像不知道答案。

》即学即练单句语法填空

① From space, the earth looks blue. This is about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
② One idea is sleep helps us strengthen new memories. That's students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
③ This is my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. \circled{4} Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.This is
decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries special significance. \circled{5} The question, however,is this is what the developing countriesneed the most.

课时达标·随堂自测

I.单词拼写

1. Some measures have been taken to make the （分布）of the vehicles on the parking lot reasonable at peak time.
2.We can （预言）this moment in your life will be memorable.
3. The needs for housing （减少），which means the policy worked ultimately.
4. Dozens of them （否认）that they had been on that bus when that accident happened.
5. （大量）of ripe strawberries have appeared on the market recently.
6. If not dealt reasonably, artificial intelligence will （威胁） the safety of human beings.
7. The camera has （监视）someofhis abnormal behavior in the classroom.
8. A competition will be held in our school （体育场）this Sunday.
9. If you want to open a clinic, you should get a medical （执照）at first.
10. The policemen are investigating the （非法的）fund raising case.
11. They （强调）the necessityof the secondedition of thebook.
12. The idea of racial discrimination is （埋藏）in their bones for some people.
13. Topics related to the (当代的） literature are being discussed now.
14. You can （推断出）what they will do literally.
15. His anxiety about the competition result was （合乎情理的).
16. There is no evidence to show you have （优越性）over others in the coming examinations.

Ⅱ.短语填空

have a huge impact on; decrease from... to...;
spy on fall victim to; impress sth. on one's
memory;predict the outcome
1.As a man of ripe old age, he of their resistance.
2. The number of patent applications has one million half a million.
3. It's wrong to people's affairs and restrict their actions.
4.That woman her strong determination all guests' at the party as a disabled person.
5.The two identical conclusions the scientist's judgements about the artificial intelligence.
6. Apparently he was unfortunate enough to the disease.

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1. The （distribute） of this plant has greatly extended.
2.His （predict） of the earthquake was sO accurate that damage caused by it was brought to the minimum.
3. They say the number of penguins has decreased thirty percent since 1987.
4. There is no (deny） that the earlier we are prepared, the better chances we will have.
5. Then, he must spy her father，a scientist who has developed a dangerous technology.
6. The traditional view is we sleepbecause our brain is “programmed" to make us do so.
7. In Western countries, the number 13 is usually with bad luck， but actually there isn't any between them. (associate)
8. Many social robots are not intended (replace） workers, but to work alongside other employees.
9.—Children's behaviour is most easily influenced by their parents. —True. That's we should set a good example to our kids.
10. Buried his face his hands, he tried to control his weep.

IV.完成句子

1.报告特别强调了当今社会所面临的主要问题。 The report facing society today. (highlight)

2.法官根据证据得出结论，杰克在这起案件中是无 辜的，应该被释放。 The judge thatJack was innocent in the case and should be set free. (conclude)

3.我们对市长打算如何处理这件事都很好奇。 We're all curious about how the mayor plans to .(address)

4.那个女孩正坐在公园的长椅上埋头看书。 That girl was sitting on the bench in the park, .(bury)

5.船在港口里是安全的，但那不是建造船的目的。A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not.（what引导的表语从句）

语法精讲4

YU FA JING JIANG

将来进行时

1.将来进行时的构成和概念

将来进行时由“will/shallbe ^+ 现在分词”构成。将来进行时表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作或要在将来某一时间开始并继续下去的动作。将来进行时常用的时间状语有atthis timetomorrow，in threedays,tomorrow evening，this evening，soon 等。①At this time tomorrow morning, Grandpa willbe sitting in the dining room with us.明早这时候，爷爷就会和我们一起坐在餐厅了。②Don't phone me between 5 pm and 6 pm. Wewillbehavingdinnerthen.5点到6点之间不要给我打电话，那时我们在吃晚饭。±b{\otimes} When he comes to my house tomorrow,I will bewritingthereport.明天他来我家时，我将在写报告。

2.将来进行时的用法

(1)表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作，常与 at this time tomorrow，at threeo'clocktomorrowafternoon等表示将来的具体时间点的时间状语连用。
①At seven o'clock tonight I will be listening to thereport in the hall.
今天晚上七点钟时，我将正在大厅听报告。
②Daniel's family will be enjoying their holiday inMount Huangshan this time next week.
下周的这个时候丹尼尔一家就会在黄山度假了。
(Z)将术进仃时可以衣小对将术的打异。±b{\otimes} Professor Wang will be giving a lecture onChinese poetry tomorrow evening.
王教授明晚会做关于中国诗歌的演讲。
(3)将来进行时可以表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来。
4I wonder if it will still be snowing this afternoon.我想知道今天下午是否还会一直下雪。
(4)将来进行时可以表示原因或结果。
5Jane can't attend the meeting at 3o'clock thisafternoon. She will be teaching a class at that time.简不能参加今天下午3点的会议，因为那时她将正在教课。
特别注意：将来进行时与一般将来时的区别
一般将来时强调的是“将来要发生”的动作和状态，而将来进行时表示“将来某个时间正在进行”的动作。注意以下两句的区别：
Whatwillyoudo tomorrow？明天你会做什么呢？What will you be doing at nine o'clock tomorrow?明天九点钟时你将正在做什么呢？

课时达标·随堂自测

I.用括号内词的适当形式填空

1. By the middle of this century, more people （live）in cities than inthe countryside.
2. Ten years from now, people (wear) smart clothes.
3. Don't worry! When you arrive at the airport at 5 a.m.tomorrow，I (wait) for you there.
4.—Mom, is Dad coming to pick us up? —Yes, I am sure he （stand）on the platform when we pull into the station.
5.—What do you think our teachers (do） at this time tomorrow ? —-Having a meeting.
6.At this time tomorrow，1 (lie) on a beach in Hawai, enjoying the beautiful sunshine.
7. By the time you arrive home, I (sleep), so please don't make any noise when you come in.
8. It is said that the project (complete) in a month.
9. These predictions （come）true if technology continues to develop.
10. —Shall I call you at this time tomorrow afternoon? —Sorry,1 （take） an exam on the Internet then.
11. We won't be available at 2 o'clock tomorrow afternoon, because we （attend）an art workshop at that time.

Ⅱ.完成句子

1.明天这个时候你会在做什么？at this time tomorrow?
2.下周日这个时候，我们会在电视上看足球赛。This time next Sunday,
3.你认为我们到家时，孩子们在做什么？when we get home?
4.今天下午三点钟我会和奶奶一起浇花。at three this afternoon.
5.王教授下周相同时间将就这个问题再做一次报告。Professor Wangon this subject at the same time next week.

Section ⅡI Extended reading & Project

新知感知·自学导引

I.核心词汇

adj. 虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的

2. headset _n ：
3. sensor _n
4. immersive adj.

5. n. 双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一adj. 双胞胎之一的；成对的，成双的

6. clone n. vt.

7. n. 障碍,阻力；屏障,障碍物； 分界线，隔阅

9. n.

adv．开始；最初；起初

6. adj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的→n.乐观；乐观主义

7 ut.使恼怒，使生气；打扰,骚扰→adj．使恼怒的；使生气的；使烦恼的 \rightarrow adj.恼怒的；生气的；烦恼的

8. n.球体,球状体；地球仪；地球，世界 \rightarrow adj.全球的；全世界的

Ⅲ.重点短语

1. 处于最前列，进人重要地位
2. 在于
3. 装备有·
4. 许多,大量
5. 归结为,基本问题是
6. 弄懂，弄清楚，弄明白
7. 就.….·而言·在.….·方面；
谈及
8. 对.…..乐观
9. 给出,提供;端上(食物)

13. n.&.ut.羡慕，忌妒

14. n. 酒吧，酒馆

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

n.定义;释义,解释 \rightarrow Ut.给 ·..下定义；使明确；界定

2. adj.实际的,真实的；切实可行的;有用的；实事求是的 \rightarrow adj．不切实际的，不现实的

3. adj.教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的 \rightarrow n.学院；研究院；学会；专科院校

4. vt.&vi.吸引住（注意力、兴趣)；雇佣，聘用；与……建立密切关系 \rightarrow n.订婚；约定，约会；雇用；聘用；（与·…..…的）密切关系 \rightarrow adj.忙于..…·的；使用中的；已订婚的；电话占线的→ 参与

5. adj．最初的，开始的 n.首字母 \rightarrow

IV.重点句型

1. I told you that doctors could create a virtual “twin" in order to practise delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient? 如果 我告诉你，医生可以创造一个虚拟的“双胞胎”，以 便在尝试给病人做一个精细的手术之前练习一 下，将会怎么样？
2. virtual museums and interactive three-D exhibitions become common. 不久之后，虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览就会变 得普遍。

文本研析·语篇理解

I.语篇结构

Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案

1. How does your brain respond to VR?

A. Believe it is real.
B. Become puzzled.
C. Ignore its existence.
D. Make no response.

2. What is the effect of using VR in education?

A. Providing students with more practical chances.
B. Improving students’ ability of imagination.
C. Broadening students’international vision.
D. Improving students’interest and learning efficiency.

3. How is VR applied in medicine?

A. By making an operation simple.
B. By providing a new surgical method.
C. By creating real situations for training.
D. By helping surgeons relax before surgery.

4. Which statement is right about the application of VR in daily life?

A. It helps people save time while shopping.
B. It offers more vacation opportunities.
C. It allows people to see exhibition at home.
D. It helps people make more informed choices.

5. What is Frank's opinion on the evolution of VR?

A. It depends on 5G.
B. Everything is possible.
C. Cost is the biggest barrier.

D. There is a long way to go.

Ⅲ.课文语法填空

The basic 1. (define） of VR lies in the name itself. With a headset 2. （equip）with cameras and sensors, you are surrounded by three-D images and sounds. Though you know they are not real, part of your brain will act 3. (according )． VR has a host of 4. （education） applications. The applications can 5. （expand） to make it easier to visualize data.Plus,doctors could create a virtual“twin”to practise a delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient, and this technology can also be applied 6. （train） new surgeons. In addition,the entertainment industry is one of the most enthusiastic7. （advocate）ofVR.In shopping, you can look forward to having your own virtual reality clone 8. （try）on clothes. All in all, the possibilities of VR seem endless, for example, the 5G technology will make it possible for us to enjoy 9. more immersive experience. 10. excites me the most is that young people today are digital citizens. They will use VR to do things we might think of as impossible today.

教材助读·开放课堂

[词汇积累］

① virtual /'vstfual/ adj.虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的,事实上的
⊚ at the forefront/"fo:frAnt/ of 处于最前列,进人重要地位
③ definition /idefi'nijn/n.定义;释义,解释
※by definition顾名思义
\circledast lie in 存在;在于
⑤ headset /'hedset/n.耳机
\circled{6} (be）equipped with配有….
\oslash sensor /'sensa(r)/n.传感器,敏感元件
\circled{8} accordingly adu.相应地
⊚ practical /'praktikl/adj.实际的,真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的
※ practical applications实际应用
{10} a host of许多,大量
{11} academic /aeka'dem1k/adj.教学的,学术的；学习良好的;纯理论的
{12} interact with与.…互动
{13} subject matter主题,题材
{14} the solar system 太阳系

[教材原文]

Virtual reality

SUSAN: Frank, you've been working at the forefront \ensuremath{\mathbf{o}}\mathbf{f}^{(2)} developments in virtual reality for many years. Can you tell us what virtual reality is and how it works?
FRANK: Of course. The basic definition? of VRlies in^{registered} the name itself, which means “reality that is not real". When you wear a VR headset equipped with? sensors and a screen, you are surrounded by three-D images, sounds and other sensory information, which creates a super-realistic effect called "presence". Though you know the sensory information surrounding you is not real, part of your brain believes it is—-and acts accordingly.
SUSAN: Thanks, Frank. Can you give some examples of the practical applications VR has?
FRANK: I'd love to. There are a host of@ educational applications. Academic VR enables students to interact with? others in a three-D environment. There are endless possibilities for the subject matter that can be created in a VR system. Imagine studying the solar system? or the human body in a fully immersive environment. By delivering the content in a meaningful way, this new approach to learning manages to engage students’ interest and enhance learning efficiency. The applications can be expanded to make it easier to visualize data such as engineering projects and a variety of other design developments. It's pretty exciting!
SUSAN: This sounds like it has a lot of constructive applications. 【1】 What about its uses for highly developed technical industries such as medicine?

[课文译文]

虚拟现实

苏珊：弗兰克，你在虚拟现 实的前沿开发领域已经 耕耘了很多年。你能告 诉我们虚拟现实是什么， 以及它的工作原理吗？
弗兰克：当然可以。我们从 虚拟现实的名字就能看 出它的基本定义，意思就 是“非真实的现实”。当 你戴上配有传感器和屏 幕的VR头戴设备时，你 将被三维影像、声音和其 他感官信息环绕包围，这 些会营造出一种名为“临 场感”的超现实效果。尽 管你知道身边的感官信 息是虚拟的，你大脑中的 某些区域还是会相信它 是真的——并且会作出 相应的反馈。
苏珊：谢谢，弗兰克。你能 为我们举几个VR应用 的实例吗？
弗兰克:当然乐意。VR在 教育领域有大量应用。 教学VR使学生能够在 一个三维环境中与其他 人互动。能在VR系统 中创作的题材具有无限 的可能性。你可以想象 在一个完全沉浸式的环 境中学习太阳系或者人 体构造。这种新的学习 手段以一种富有意义的 方式呈现内容,能够吸引 学生的兴趣并且提高学 习效率。这些应用还能 进一步扩展，使得工程项 目和其他各类设计开发 项目的数据更容易得到 可视化的呈现。这真的
{15} immersive /1'ms:sIv/ adj.（计算机系统或图 像)沉浸式虚拟现实的
※a fully immersive environment 完全沉浸 式的环境
{16} engage /in'geid3/ ut. &. i.吸引住（注意力、兴 趣)；雇用，聘用；与……. 建立密切关系
{17} enhance learning efficiency 提高学习效率
{18} constructive applications 建设性的应用
{19} perform complex surgery 实施复杂的外科手术
{20} twin /twin/ m.双胞胎 之一；一对相像的事物 之一adj.双胞胎之一 的;成对的,成双的
{21} practise delicate surgery 练 习精密的外科手术
{22} be applied to 应用于
{23} Itwon't belong before... 不久就….
④clone /klaun/n.好像一 模一样的人,复制品;克 隆动物(或植物) ut.克隆,以无性繁殖技 术复制
{25} try on 试穿
【1在非正式英语中 sound like后可以直接跟句 子。正式英语中,本句应为“This sounds as if/as though it has a lot of constructive applications. ”。
FRANK: Surgeons are already using robotic technology with VR to perform complex surgery@. What if I told you that doctors could create a virtual "twin ” in order to practise delicate surgery? before attempting it on the patient? This technology can be applied to train new surgeons;it also enables experts to test new techniques safely before trying them on human subjects. Treatments of anxiety and drug addiction are other valuable and cost-effective applications of VR.
SUSAN: That is amazing! It sounds like VR will be a life-changing technology as well as a life-saving one. How will it affect the different aspects of our everyday lives, such as entertainment, shopping and travelling?
FRANK: The entertainment industry is one of the most enthusiastic advocates of VR. Current game systems come with headsets so that players can enter virtual environments and play against either real or virtual opponents. It won't be long before virtual museums and interactive three-D exhibitions become common. When shopping online, you can look forward to being able to have your own virtual reality clone try on? clothes and to see products with 360-degree views. Also, people who want to go on holiday will have the opportunity to take a virtual tour of several destinations before deciding where to go. In both of these cases, this technology will help people make more informed choices. 依令人激！
苏珊：听起来VR有着许多 具有建设性的应用。那 么，它在医药等高新技术 产业的应用如何呢？
弗兰克:外科医生已经在借 助VR和机器人技术完 成复杂的外科手术。如 果我告诉你，医生可以先 造出一个虚拟的“李生病 人”练习精密的手术，然 后再在病人身上进行实 际操作呢？这项技术可 以用来训练新晋外科医 生，也可以帮助专家在对 人体进行实验之前安全 地测试新技术。焦虑和 药物成瘾的治疗则是另 外一些具有价值且成本 低廉的VR应用。
苏珊：这太惊人了！听起来 VR会是一种既能挽救生 命又能改变生活的技术。 对于娱乐、购物和旅行等 日常生活的不同方面，它 会带来怎样的影响呢？
弗兰克:娱乐产业是最热切 追捧 VR 的行业之一。 目前的游戏系统配有头 戴设备，能够让玩家进入 虚拟环境,与真实或虚拟 的敌人竞赛。用不了多 久,虚拟博物馆和交互式 三维展览就会变得司空 见惯。网上购物时，你可 以期待拥有自己的虚拟 现实克隆人替你试穿衣 服、 360° 全方位查看商 品。此外，想要出门度假 的人们将有机会以虚拟 的方式游览一些目的地， 然后再决定去哪儿。在 这两种场景下,VR技术 都将帮助人们作出更明 智的选择。
SUSAN: I can't wait! However, as with? any technology, there must be some barriers? to the development of VR, I guess?
FRANK: It really boils down \mathbf{to}^{(B)} three thingstime, cost and technical limitations. We will need time to develop and fine-tune the hardware and software. The initial cost will discourage most people in the beginning but that should be fixed over time. The last issue is our own technical limitations@. Just trying to figure out how to do what we want in terms of technology will prove challenging in some areas.【2】
【2what引导的宾语从句。
SUSAN: Considering there are so many challenges to deal with, are you still optimistic about the future of VR?【3】
【3】句中considering 为连词，后接句子。considering 意为“鉴于，考虑到”。
FRANK: Sure. When talking about VR, we should keep in mind its quick rate of evolution. The possibilities seem endless. For example, 5G technology, with its potential to serve up^{\varnothing} more stable mobile connectivity at faster speed, will make it possible for people to enjoy a more immersive VR experience wherever they are. Indeed we are only limited by our imagination. What excites me the most is that young people today are digital citizenswhoarecomfortablewith technology.【4】 They're well equipped to becomepartofatechnological generation that will develop and use VR to do things we might think impossible today.【5】
【4that引导表语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰
{26} as with和....一样
{27} barrier /'baria(r)/ n.障碍,阻力;屏障, 障碍物；分界线， 隔阁
{28} boil down to归结 为,基本问题是
9fine-tune/ fain'tju:n/ Ut.对....微调
{30} initial /l'n1J1/ adj.最初的,开始的 n.首字母
{31} technical limitations 技术局限
{32} figure out弄清楚
{33} in terms of 就·而言
{34} optimistic /ioptt'mistik/ adj.乐观的，抱乐观 看法的
※be optimistic about 对…乐观
{35} keep in mind 记住
{36} serve up 提供
{37} digital citizens 数字公民
{38} a technological generation技术一代
苏珊：我都等不及了！但是 任何技术都有瓶颈，VR 的发展想必也是如此吧？
弗兰克：其实说到底就三个 方面——时间、费用和技 术局限。我们需要时间 来开发并调试硬件和软 件。早期费用在一开始 会吓退大多数人，但这个 问题应该会慢慢解决。 最后的问题在于我们自 身的技术局限。在某些 领域，光是试图弄清楚如 何从技术角度实现我们 的想法就将是挑战重 重的。
苏珊:考虑到需要应对这么 多挑战，你对VR的未来 还抱有乐观心态吗？
弗兰克：当然。当我们谈论 VR的时候，需要牢记它 的进展之快。VR似乎 有着无限可能。比方说， 5G技术能够以更快的速 度提供更稳定的移动网 络连接，它将使人们在任 何地方都能享受到更为 沉浸式的VR体验。我 们的确只是受限于我们 的想象力罢了。最令我 感到激动的是，如今的年 轻人都是数字公民，对技 术都已习以为常。他们 具备良好的条件成为技 术一代的一员。他们在 未来将会发展并使用 VR所做的事情，在今天 的我们看来可能是难以 想象的。
苏珊：谢谢你，弗兰克。这 digital citizens 。
【5】that引导定语从句。
SUSAN: Thank you, Frank. It all sounds wonderful.

一切听起来都很美好。

核心突破·互动探究

■第一版块|重点词汇诠释

definitionn.定义；释义；解释

(1)the definition of 对…的定义 by definition 按照定义；当然地
(2)define vt. 定义；规定 define sth. as 把某事定义为 be defined as 被定义为
(3)definite adj. 一定的;确切的 definitely adv. 清楚地,当然;明确地

①Perhaps that is the definition of life—not just for artists but for allof us.也许这句话是生命的定义一—不仅仅是对于音乐家而言，对于 我们所有人都适用。

②My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment".
我对幸福的定义是“快乐的能力”。

±b{\otimes} Neighbours by definition live close by (= this iswhat being a neighbour means）.按照定义，“邻居”就要居住在邻近的地方。

±b{\mathbb{o}} We define education very broadly and students can study any aspect of its consequences for society.

我们对教育的定义非常宽泛，学生们可以就其给社会带来的影响的任一方面进行研究。

Life imprisonment is defined as 60 years under state law.
按照国家法律终身监禁定义为60年。 It's impossible for me to give you a definite answer.
我不可能给你明确的答复。

①I woke up the next morning, thinking I would definitely be criticised.第二天早上我醒来，以为自己肯定会被批评。

语境助记

①I'm relieved to know that “cool” has αa much broader definition than what I used to think.
我很欣慰地知道“酷”的定义比 我以前想的要宽泛得多。
②If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit.
如果您的孩子喜欢在厨房里，那 么烹饪营绝对是正确的选择。

即学即练单句语法填空

① There is no general agreement on a standard (definite) of intelligence.
⊚ Living in a highly competitive society，you (definite) have to arm yourself with modern technology and skills.
③ They have very
(define） ideas on how to bring up children.
\circled{4} A race is (define） as a class of individuals with common characteristics.

.&vi.吸引住（注意力、兴趣等）；雇用；聘用；与·….·建立

①If a book doesn't engage my interest in the first few pages, I won'tread it.

如果一本书的前几页不能引起我的兴趣，我就不会读它了。

②We should improve our ability to engage in international communication so as to tell the stories of China well.

我们应该提高参与国际交流的能力，以便讲好中国故事。

特别提示

engage sbs interest/attention 吸引某人的兴趣注意力 engagein...加.....
engage sb. in sth.
(使）某人从事参与某事 engage sb. to do sth.
聘请某人做某事
engage sb. as...
聘请某人为…… ③She tried desperately to engage him in conversation.
她用尽办法要他跟她谈话。
4 Tom's father engaged a tutor to improve his math.
汤姆的爸爸聘请了一位家庭教师来给他补习数学。
We'd be able to engage local people as volunteers.
我们可以请当地人当志愿者。
6They got engaged on her 23rd birthday.
在她23岁生日那天他们订婚了。
OI couldn't get through—the line's engaged.
我打不通电话一—线路忙。
8I was totally engaged in my study and seldom paid attention to my mother's feeling.
我完全投人到自己的学业中，很少关注母亲的感受。
He was engaged to her when working in Beijing.
他是在北京工作时和她订婚的。
\Cup Their engagement was announced in the local paper.
他们订婚的消息已在当地报纸上公布。

boildown to（局势、问题等）归结为，基本问题是（to是介词）

boil sth. down (to sth.) 概括，归纳，压缩

①In the end, what it all boils down to is time, or the lack of it.
问题的症结是时间，或者说是缺乏时间。
②It boils down to a question of priorities.
这归根到底是事情轻重缓急的问题。
③The original speech I had written got boiled down to about ten minutes.我写的演讲原稿被压缩到了大约十分钟。

联想拓展：近义短语

comedowntosth.可归结为，可归纳为What it comes down to is, either I go there alone or you accompanyme there.归结起来就是：要么我一个人去那里，要么你陪我去。

annoyvt．使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰

即学即练单句语法填空

① Even in prison, he continued to engage criminal activities. ⊚ She has broken off her
(engage) to Charles.
③ They are (engage) in talks with the government.
\circled{4} The couple got
(engage） on Christmas Day 2013 after dating for more than two years. ⑤ The woman who is engaged my brother is very pretty.
\circled{6} I phoned earlier but you were (engage).

「即学即练单句语法填空

① It boils toone question whether you really have full confidence.
⊚ It boils down how fast a machine can perform an operation.
③ Our choices boil down to
(stay) here or leaving here.

①It annoyed me that I hadn't been invited.

使我生气的是我没被邀请。

语境助记

①There is also the matter of tone. Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? 还有语气问题。谁还没有收到过 一封如此烦人的邮件，毁了整整 一天？
②Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class.不要公开表达对 教授或班级的不满。 OIt annoyed me very much to know he cheated me.
知道他骗了我，我很生气。
\mathbf{\9}I was annoyed with him because he kept interrupting me.
我对他很恼火，因为他不停地打断我。
4He was annoyed by her apparent indifference.
她明显的冷淡让他恼火。
I was annoyed that they didn't show up.
我生气的是他们没有露面。
He was annoyed to hear that the train would be delayed.
听说火车要晚点，他很恼火。
OHer most annoying habit was eating with her mouth open.
她最让人讨厌的习惯就是张着嘴吃东西。
8Much to our annoyance, they decided not to come after all.
他们最终决定不来，这使我们很生气。

即学即练单句语法填空

① His mother was annoyed
him for his being so rude to their neighbors.
⊚ She stayed awake till midnight because of her (annoy) sleeping problem.
③ I did get a bit
（annoy）because we had cheese sandwiches every lunchtime.
④To our (annoy)，the air conditioner broke down on the hottest night of the year!

expensen.费用；开销；开支

(1)at one's expense 由某人承担费用 at the expense of... 以牺牲（或损害）·….··为代价 spare no expense 不惜任何代价
(2)expensive adj. 昂贵的 expensively adv. 昂贵地

①People are putting the same amount of expense into the content they're creating, but now they're getting paid only a fraction of whattheydid.

人们将同样的费用投到他们正在创造的东西中，但现在他们所得的报酬只是他们所付出的一小部分。

②He had his book printed at his own expense.他自己出钱印了书。
±b{\otimes} He built up the business at the expense of his health.

④I have told our team that we will spare no expense to ensure a safe supplychain.

我已经告诉我们的团队，我们将不惜一切代价确保一条安全的供应链。

语境助记

With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.

食物是我们每周最大的家庭开支，苏珊娜和马特每周都花时间和不同的家庭待在一起。

>即学即练单句语法填空/完成 句子

① The university estimates that
living expenses for international
students （be）around
$10,000 a year, which is a burden
to some of them.
⊚ The garden was transformed great expense.
③ His father said no expense (spare） to make the party a
success.
\circledast For low-income families,
children's safety equipment can be
very (expense).
\circled{5} This machine is of good quality.
If it should break down within the
first year, we would repair it (费用由我们承担).
\circled{6} She always travels in first class （无论
开销大小).

envyn.&vt.羡慕；忌妒

(1)be the envy of... 成为···忌妒/美慕的对象envy at/of sth. 对某事物的羡慕/妒忌envy of sb. 对某人的羡慕/妒忌with envy 羡慕地
(2)envy sb.(for） sth. 羡慕/忌妒某人有某物envy sb. doing sth. 美慕/忌妒某人做某事

①This country is in the midst of an economy recovery which is the envyoftheworld.

这个国家正处于令全世界羡慕的经济复苏之中。

语境助记

The dog having only a tiny bone envied the puppy (for) its big bone; the puPPy was the envy of the dog.

只有一小块骨头的狗羡慕小狗有大骨头，小狗成了它羡慕的对象。

>即学即练单句语法填空/单句 写作

④We watched with envy as the ship slid past us.
我们羡慕地看着那艘船从我们身边驶过。

\mathbf{δ} He envies her（for）the position she has achieved in her profession.他妒忌她在她的职业中已取得的地位。

6I envy you having such a close family.
我羡慕你有这么亲密的一个家庭。

联想拓展

be green with envy 美慕极了lost in envy 非常嫉妒be the envy of sb. 是令某人美慕的事物

① Treat the flowers with care and your garden will be the envy
the neighbors.
⊚ We all envy him
(admit） to Peking University.
③ —I envy you
your job.
—But to be honest, it's not the job I've always dreamt about.
\circled{4} 我们大家都羡慕你身体健康。

·第二版块|重点句型解构

（教材原句）What if I told you that doctors could create a virtual“twin”in order to practise adelicatesurgerybeforeattemptingitonthepatient？如果我告诉你，医生可以创造一个虚拟的“双胞胎”，以便在病人身上做手术前先进行精密的手术练习，那该会怎样呢？

[句式分析]whatif...？句型的用法(1)whatif·…·？是个省略用法的句型，在口语中十分常见。完整的结构应该是What will/would happen if...或What are you going todoif...，可译为“如果·…..…·怎么办？/要是……..…·会怎么样呢？”。if后面的句子可用陈述语气（通常用一般现在时）。

①What if it rains tomorrow?要是明天下雨怎么办？

②What if somebody decides tobreak the rules? 如果有人决定打破这些规则怎么办？

(2)该句型还可以用于提出建议或邀请，可以译为“如果……怎么样？”。

>即学即练单句写作（用whatif...?)
① 万一我生病不能去学校的话怎么办？

⊚ 如果李雷发现你把他的自行车弄丢了怎么办？

③What if we moved the sofa over here?Would that look better? 要是我们把沙发挪到这边来会怎么样？看上去会不会好一些？

语境助记

What if later in life they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity of some sort, and instead of opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just stare at it and wonder, “What if it isn't a door?"

如果在以后的生活中，他们来到一扇比喻性的门，比如某种机会，他们没有打开门并抓住机会，而是盯着它想，“如果这不是一扇门会怎样呢？”

③ 你和我们一起吃午饭怎么样？

（教材原句）It won't be long before virtual museums and interactive three-D exhibitions become common.虚拟博物馆和交互式3D展览很快就会普及。

[句式分析］before引导时间状语从句的固定句式 ① "It will be/was ^+ 一段时间 ^+ before从句”意为“要过多久才 …过了多久才……”

①It will be three weeks before we graduate from high school.
还有三周我们就高中毕业了。 2It was some time before I realized the truth.
过了一段时间我才了解真相。
⊚ "It won't be/wasn't ^+ 一段时间 ^+ before从句”表示“过不了多久 就.…./没过多久就.…..”

名师点津

该句式中若主句是一般将來时，从句应为一般现在时。 若主句是一般过去时，从句也是一般过去时。

即学即练单句语法填空

① It will be several years
we see each other again.
②It （be）two weeks before everything returns to normal.
③ It （be）five days before he came back. 4It was not long before he sensed the danger of his position.
不久他就意识到他处境的危险。

课时达标·随堂自测

I.单词拼写

1. That country's game-changing policy will certainly affect the development of the （虚拟 的）economy.
2. He used accurate words to give out the （定义）of the concept.
3. You should find a （切实可行的）way to get yourself across.
4.His （学术的）performanceisso outstanding that he gains the chance to participate in that important conference.
5.He was （吸引住）in theworkof solidarity of different nations of the country in his whole life.
6. His （最初的）mottois stillinhis mind.
7. We are （乐观的）about the trend of the market.
8.The coach was （生气）bywhathad happened on the ballpark.
9. The （费用）onweaponsinthat country increases gradually year by year.

10.You needn't （羡慕)what he got;if you work hard, you will get a patent.

Ⅱ.短语填空

by definition; at the expense of; a host of; figure out; like weeds; be annoyed at; be optimistic about; keep in mind that; at the forefront of; affect one's decision; boil down to; (be） engaged in
1. Their discoveries are the field compared with other chemists'.
2. Without doubt, there are idioms in the English language.
3. Ultimately, the issues performance.
4. Bad results of drug abuse come
5. The boost of the small business at a fast pace in this area is the environmental pollution.
6. The customers purchasing alcohol didn't notice the coming danger.
7.How many scholarships he can get may on whether he will go abroad to specialize in virus.
8. They have a good method to the components of the steel.
9.You should psychology plays a fundamental role in our social lives.
10. Acupuncture is hard to explain for many people.
11. The outgoing girl her ambition of becoming a pilot.
12.He what his fellows did to the man with disabilities just now.

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1. It is (virtual） impossible to predict the future accurately.
2. How to give a （definite）of the phenomenon is being debated now.
3. To control limbs through AI technology is an interesting idea, but there are many (practice） difficulties.
4. With his strong (academy) background，he can restore the original appearance of the painting.
5. Mary is engaged preparing her （engage） ceremony. It is said that she engages ten people (help) her.
6.She came （initial） to spend a few days, but ultimately she stayed for a whole month.
7. Without doubt, he is optimistic his future.
8. He was （annoy）that she should delete one of the most important documents in his computer.
9.The celebrity is （envy）by his opponent.
10. Prohibiting illegal fishing is a (globe) task.

IV.完成句子

1.如果证人拒绝告诉我们真相怎么办？ the witness refuses to tell us the truth?
2.他以健康为代价换来了成功。 He achieved success his health.
3.他们想要的归根结底只有一样东西,那就是时间。 What they want just one thing. It is time.
4.我羡慕你有一大帮朋友。 for your large group of friends.
5.用不了多久，市民就可以在自己家里接受医疗保 健了。 citizens can receive medical care in their own home.

Section V Writing- -生活与科技

1.写作任务

3.素材整理

假定你是李华，你们学校正在举办主题为“5G改变生活”的论坛，你的美国朋友Peter对此非常感兴趣，来信咨询相关事宜。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括以下要点：

(1)5G应用广泛，改变了当代人的生活方式；(2)火神山医院与5G;(3)全国首个5G全场景应用智慧港口在厦门投产；(4)5G等新技术是中国制度的优势。注意：（1)词数80左右(开头和结尾已为你写好，不计人总词数)；(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Peter,

Knowing that you show great interest in our forum, I'm writing to give you a brief introduction of it.

① tonamebutafew略举几例
⊚ likeweeds大量
③ keepupwith跟上.....的步伐
\circled{4} state-of-the-artadj.使用最先进技术（或方法）
⑤ at theforefrontof处于最前列，进人重要地位
\circled{6} toconclude总之；最后
⑦ ahostof许多，大量
\circled{8} boildownto归结为，基本问题是

registered5G 已经在容量、输人、分析、数据库、无人机等方面取得了突破，得到了广泛应用。

O5G 改变了当代人的生活方式。

5G has changed the way

If you wish to know more, please let me know.

In 2020, Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital was
constructedwith in 3 days,

Li Hua

2.写作思路（一审、二定、三明确）

(1)一审：体裁、主题与结构体裁：应用文——介绍信主题：5G改变生活

导人十写作主题5G的两个具体例子（火神山医院；全国结构：三段首个5G全场景应用智慧港口)5G等新技术是中国制度的优势

(2)二定：时态与人称
时态：以一般现在时和一般过去时为主
人称：第三人称
(3)三明确：写作要点
① 写信的目的
O5G 的两个具体例子
③5G 等新技术是中国制度的优势

④2020 年,中国首个最先进的5G全场景应用智慧港口在厦门投产，凸显了中国智慧。

In~2020 ，China's first 5G full-scene application smart port was put into production in Xiamen,

\circled{5} 总之，许多处于世界前沿的新技术，如虚拟智能
和5G,归结起来就是中国制度的优势。 new technologies which are the world,
such as virtual intelligence and 5G, the superiority of the
Chinese system.

4.满分作文（连句成篇）

Dear Peter,

Knowing that you show great interest in our forum, I'm writing to give you a brief introduction of it. 5G has been widely used with breakthrough in capacity,input, analysis,the database, drones, to name but a few. 5G has changed the way contemporarypeoplelive.

In 2020,Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital was constructed with massive 5G network opened in 3 days， showing the Chinese speed. In 2020, China'sfirststate-of-the-art5Gfull-scene application smart port was put intoproduction in Xiamen, which highlights Chinese wisdom.

To conclude, a host of new technologies which are at the forefront of the world, such as virtual intelligence and 5G, boil down to the superiority of the Chinese system.

If you wish to know more, please let me know.

Yours,

Li Hua

第一段：导人 ^+ 写作主题（5G改变生活）。

句型：第三句中的 contemporary people live为定语从句,修饰先行词the way,定语从句中省略了that/inwhich,其中 the way在定语从句中作状语。

句型：第一句使用了withmassive5Gnetworkopenedin3days，是with复合结构作状语；showing theChinese speed为现在分词短语作结果状语；第二句使用了非限制性定语从句whichhighlights Chinese wisdom，which指代主句的内容，且在定语从句中作主语。

第三段：5G等新技术是中国制度的优势 第一句使用了which are at the forefrontof the world, such as virtual intelligence and 5G, which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词technologies且在定 语从句中作主语。

5.佳作背诵

(1)佳作一

假定你是校学生会主席李华，你们学校将于下周举行“机器人造就机械梦”系列研学活动。请你设计一份海报，主要内容包括：

① 时间（下周一上午9:00）；

② 活动地点(广东科学中心)；

③ 活动概要（了解最先进的步行机器人；拼装机器人;机器人竞赛)。

注意： ① 词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计人

总词数)；

⊚ 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear students,

Yours,

Li Hua (2)佳作二

假定你是高中生李华，生活在发明层出不穷的时代，特别是现在的“新四大发明”给人们带来了更加不一样的消费观。就此给未来的人们留下“时间胶囊”。内容包括：

① 引人中国“新四大发明”；

⊚ 提出自己想要说明的对象(以网络购物为例)；

③ 说明网络购物对生活的影响；

\circled{4} 并简述你对这件事的看法。

注意： ① 词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数)；

⊚ 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear fellows,

I'm writing to tell you about China's contemporary four great new inventions—highspeed railway, mobile payment, bicycle-sharing , and online shopping.

Yours sincerely, Li Hua

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