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THEARTOFWOODWORKING

HOMEWORI$HOP

W O R K S H OGPU I D E

S A F E TTYI P S TURNINAGNDCARVINTGOOLS

Powetor ols 9kewchisel Veiningchioel

UeedLo ehape FartrngLoolfor ouL-

. Wearappropriatesafetygear:safety peaa6and Pom- liningaeparate

glassesa, faceshieldforextraprotection melson work- areaoand cuttin7

andhearingprotectionlf. therersnocust pieceemounLed 6harpqroovea;

collectiosnystemw, eara dustmask.For on ETne;ranqe7 availablein 1-, l-,

exotrcwoodssuchas ebonyu, sea respi- beLwee\/n, inchand and ''\/.-tnch wtdths

ratort;he sawdusmt aycausean allergic 1l incheatnwtdth

reactionW. earworkgloveswhenhan- Eent gouge

d l i n gr o u g hl u m b e r . Round-end For ehap,inqhol-

earaPer towaana curvea:

o Drapethe powercordof a portable 9moothe work ranqeafrom'\/ tnch

powetrooloveryourshouldetro keep mounLedon lalthe t o 1rnchin widLh

it outoftheway. faceplaLe:typical

blade widtheare No.5 gouge

. C o n c e n t r a toen t h e l o b ;d o n o t r u s h . , 1 ,l,a n d l i n c h wFoorr,Kft;rnaensqheaaping

N e v e rw o r kw h e ny o u a r et i r e d ,s t r e s s e d , fromI inchLo

o r h a v eb e e nd r i n k i n ga l c o h ool r u s i n g Roughing-out 1inchin wtdth

m e d i c a t i o nt hs a t i n d u c ed r o w s i n e s s . gouge

UeedLoturn cyltn- No.8 gouge

. A l w a y sk e e py o u rw o r ka r e ac l e a n dere from oquare F o r , r o u 4 he h a p i n g

a n d t i d y ;c l u t t ecr a nl e a dt o a c c i d e n t s , blankemounLedon 'w\/ oinrcKhr;aton41ei'nrcrhom

andsawdusat ndwoodscrapscanbe a 'l\/a-t,h1e\/;-aavanidla1byl'e-in in width

fie hazard. inchwidthe

. K e e py o u rh a n d sw e l la w a yf r o ma 9pindle gouge Handlee

t u r n i n gb l a d eo r b i t .

Kound-noaed With a typical lenqth of

o Do notusea toolif anypartis worn 10to 14rncheeh, andleo

or damaged. 1ouqefor qenerai of turninq l;ooleare Lhicker

turn t n'\/,qL;or a1n',41e 9 and lonqerLhanLhoeeof

H a n dt o o l s from carvinq Loola:the exl,ra

. Usethe appropriatteootfor thelob: lenqthpermiLsLwo-

do nottryto makea tooldo something incheetn wtdl,h

forwhichit wasnot intended. handed operation

Parting tool

. Clampyourworkpiecteo freeboth Narrow,chiael-like

handsforan operation. tool ueed1taaec-

Lionworkptece

o Cutawayfromyourselrfatherthan mountedon laLhe;

t o w a r dy o u rb o d y . a v a t l a b l ei n ' \/ : . -a n d

\/,-tnchwidtha

. Donotforcea tool;if possibletr, y

removinglessstockon eachpass.

. Keeptheedgesof cuttingtoolssharp

DESIGANNDMEASURINTG()()LS . Dovetaislquare o Protractor

r F l e x i b lceu r v e o Sliding

. Awl r Frenchcurve

. Carpentesr'qsuare o I n s i d ec a l l p e r s DEVCI

o Combination . Markinggauge

o M e a s u r i ntga p e o Steelruler

s qu a r e o M i t e rs q u a r e . Straightedge

o Compass . Mortisegauge . Trammeploints

o Contougr auge . Outside . Trysquare

o Cuttinggauge

o D i a lc a l i p e r c a||p e r s

THEARTOFWOODWORKING

CABINETS

ANDBOOKCASES

THEARTOFWOODWORKING

CABINETS

AN{DBOOICNES

T I M E . L I F EB O O K S

A L E X A N D R IVAI.R G I N I A

S T .R E M YP R E S S

MONTREALN. EWYORK

THE ARTOF WOODWORKING wasproducedby THECONSUTTANTS

ST. REMYPRESS

fon Arno is a consultant,cabinetmakerand free-

PUBLISHER KennethWinchester lancewriter who livesin Tioy, Michigan. He also

PR-ESIDENT PierreL6veill6 conductsseminarson wood identificationand

earlyAmericanfurniture design.

SeriesEditor PierreHome-Douglas

SeriesArt Director FrancineLemieux Kam Ghaffari is a freelancewriter and editor.

He hashis own businessin RhodeIsland

SeniorEditors Marc Cassini(Text) designingandbuilding one-of-a-kindand lim-

HeatherMills (Research) itedproductionfurniture. Kam'sbackground

alsoincludesworking professionallyin furni

Art Directors Normand Boudreault,Luc Germain, ture reproductionand fine carpentry,and

SolangeLaberge studyingwith furniture patriarchsWendell

Castleofthe U.S.and FredBaierofEngland.

Designers Jean-GuyDoiron, Michel GiguEre,

H6ldneDion GilesMiller-Mead taughtadvancedcabinet-

makingat Montrealtechnicalschoolsfor more

ResearchEditor TimMcRae than ten years.A nativeofNew Zealand,he has

PictureEditor ChristopherJackson workedasa restorerof antiquefurniture.

Writers AndrewJonesR, obLutes

fosephTruini is SeniorEditor of Hoze

ResearcAhssistant BryanQuinn MechanixmagazineA. former Shopand Tools

ContributingI IIustrators GillesBeaucheminR, ollandBergera, Editor of PopularMechanicsh, e hasworked asa

cabinetmakerh,ome improvementcontractor

Michel Blais,Jean-PierreBourgeois, and carpenter.

RonaldDurepos,RobertPaquet,

JamesTh6rien

Administrator NatalieWatanabe

ProductionManager MichelleTirrbide

SystemCoordinator fean-LucRoy

Photographer RobertChartier

Proofreader Iudith Yelon

Indexer ChristineM. Iacobs

Cabinetsand bookcases

Time-LifeBooksis a divisionof Time-LifeInc., p. cm.-(The Art of Woodworking)

a wholly ownedsubsidiaryof

Includesindex.

THE TIME INC. BOOK COMPANY

ISBN0-8094-9495-2(trade)

l. Cabinetwork-Amateurs' manuals.

2. Bookcases-Amateurs'manuals.

TIME-LIFEBOOKS I. Time-LifeBooks.II. Series

TTr97.C23

President Iohn D. Hall 684.1'6-dc20 93-20771

Vice-President NancyK. Jones

Editor-in-Chief ThomasH. Flaherty CIP

DirectorofEditorial Resources EliseD. Ritter-Clough For information aboutanyTime-Lifebook,

pleasecall l-800-621-7026o, r write:

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ConsultingEditor P.O.BoxC-32068

fohn R. Sullivan fuchmond,Virginia

ProductionManager MarleneZack 23261-2068

@1993Time-LifeBooksInc.

All rightsreserved.

No part of this book maybe reproducedin

anyform or by anyelectronicor mechanical

means,including information storageand

retrievaldevicesor systemsw, ithout prior writ-

ten permissionfrom the publisher,except hat

briefpassagems aybe quotedfor reviews.

Firstprinting. Printedin U.S.A.

Publishedsimultaneouslyin Canada.

TIME-LIFE is a trademarkof Time WarnerInc.

U.S.A.

R10987654321

CONTENTS

6 INTRODUCTION 106 HIGHBOY

108 Anatomyof a highboy

t2 CABINETMAKING BASICS 110 Assemblingthe upperchest

T4 Woodmovement Llz Cabriolelegs

T 6 Selectingand orderinglumber 116 Assemblingthelowerchest

L9 Lumberdefects 118 Cockbeading

20 Preparingstock I20 Drawers

24 Cabinetmakingjoinery L24 Crownmoldings

L28 Rosettes

40 BOOKCASE 130 Finials

42 Anatomyof abookcase I34 Quartercolumns

44 Bookcaseaccessories 136 Appliedsculptures

45 Adjustableshelving

50 Fixedshelves I4O GLOSSARY

52 Edgetreatmentfor shelves

54 Faceframes I42 INDEX

56 Basesand feet

T44 ACKNO\\{LEDGMENTS

60 ARMOIRE

62 Anatomvof an armoire

64 Pilasters'

66 Cornicemoldings

72 Doors

84 BLANKET CHEST

86 Anatomyof a blanketchest

88 Tops

93 Basesand feet

100 Hardware

104 Inlays

INTRODUCTION

Nain Morcelandhis

LIBRARYI.]NIT

helibraryunit shownhere,madeout of Hondurasmahoganyw, asoneof my

I firstbig commissionsIt. wasbuilt in theshopI co-ownwith FrdddricLoeven,

a finecabinetmakeWr. ehadbuilt alot of singlepiecesin thepast,but thiswasour

firstopportunityto experimenwt ith theplanningandconstructionof alarge,inte-

gratedwall unit.

Our firststepwasto takeaccuratemeasuremenotsf theroomthattheunit would

occupyT. hishadto bedoneverycarefidlys,incewallsarenot alwaystraightT. hedif-

ferencecanbeasmuchas%inch.Sowemeasuredbetweenthewallsat thecorners

of theroom andagaineveryfewinchesout.Weonlywantedto cut our stockonce!

With measuremenitnshand,wedesignetdhepiecein theshop.Our clientwanted

a traditionalEnglish-librarylook,whichwaswhywechosea darkmahoganyT. he

Frenchdoorsalsocontributedto theclassicaalppearancoefthe unit.

Themostcriticaldesignconsideratiown asto makesurethebookcasewsouldbe

wellproportionedfor thesizeof theroom.Therelationshibpetweentheheight,depth

andwidth of theunit hadto beright.Toprovideourselvewsith avisualreferenceas

wecut andassembletdhecomponentsof thestructurew, edrewafull-scaleplanof

theroomontheflooroftheshopT. hisenabledusto keeptrackofall thepieceasnd

positionthemin theirproperlocationsaswewentalong.

Weusedmahogany-veneerfeibderboardfor thebasicstructureandjoinedthe

pieceswith biscuitsM. ostof theshelveasreadjustableth; eysitonbrassshelfsupports

whicharescrewedinto sleeveisn thesidepanelsW. eaddedsolidmahoganybanding,

twicethethicknessof theshelfstock,to thefront edgesof theshelvetso givethem

morerigidity.Thebackpanelssit in rabbetscut into thebackedgesof theunit. We

madethepaneleddoorsout of solidmahoganyusingmortise-and-tenojnointswith

afineintegratemd olding.Thecornicemoldingismadeup of threeseparatpeieces

of woodindividuallyshapedandgluedtogetherbeforebeingappliedto theunit.

Wefinishedthebookcasewsith adarkredmahoganystainfollowedbyseveracloats

of cellulose-baseladcquert,henwipedon aglazingstainto accentuattehemolding

andgivethepieceanagedappearance,

Alain Morcel operatesLesRialisations Loeven-Morcel,a

cabinetryshopin Montrdal, Qutbec,alongwith hispart-

ner,Fr,lddricLoeven.Theshopspecializesin architectural

woodworkand reproductionsof antiquefurniture.

INTRODUCTION

ChrisBecksvoordtescribetshe

CHALLENGEOSF

CABINETMAKING

asepieces---<upboarbdusr,eausb,ookcasecsh, estss,ideboardas,ndotherassort-

edcabinets-areatbestmerelyglorifiedboxesY. etthereissomethingspecial

abouthemA. llcontainanelemenotfmysteryju,stwaitingtobeexploredw.ho can

resisotpeninagsmaldl oorwithatinyturnedknobandspinneor,i liftingthelidof

adovetailekdeepsabkeox?AskPandora.

Tothecabinetmakecr,asepiecesareapleasurea,swellasachallengteo build.The

possiblelay'ouct ombinationsareendlessd:oors,drawerss,helvesp,ull-outtrays,

dividersp, igeonholesa,ndoneof my favoritecomponentss,ecrect bmpartmenls.

Nothingthrillsacustomemr orethanto betoldthattheirnewacquisitiohn,asahidden

compartmentA. nd nothingaddsto theanticipationmorethanto sayit is up to

themto find it.

Woodworkersspecializining individuallybuilpt iecetshriveonvarietyI.concentrate

on casetshatarenotavailablceommerciallys,uchasaspecial-sizpeieceto fit aspecific

spot,a l5-drawercameracabineta, displaycasefor awatchcoll-ctiono, r atinware

cupboardliketheoneshownin thephotographI.t wasinspiredbyashakeroriginal

I sawattheRenwickGalleryof theSmithsoniaInnstitutionin 1973.Thecupboard

isoneof themostversatilepiecesI build,equallysuitablein ahallwayb,edroomb, ath,

kitcheno, r livingroom-anlnvherespaceisat a premium.

EachpieceI makeinvolvetsheintegiationof functionanddesignT. herealchallenge

comesin thebuildingprocessw.ood expanddsuringsummer'hsumidityandshrinks

duringwinter'sdrynessA. boardmovesacrossitswidth,whileitslengthremainsvir-

tuallyconstantA. nyconstrainthatphysicallylimitsthismovementlnvitedsisaster.

Moldingscannotbegluedacrosas cabinest idei;nsteadtheyrideon dovetailsD.oor

framesarecutfromrelativelnyarrowquartersawwnoodto minimizemovemenwt, hile

thewidepanelsarefreeto floatin theirgroovesT. heframesbetweendrawersmust

telescopien andout of theirmortise-and-tenojnointsto followthemovemenot f the

casesidesB. acksl,ikedoorsc, onsisot f quartersawfnramesandfloatingpanelsm, or-

tisedandtenonedto providestrengthandresistracking,Eventhegapiaboveeach

drawermustbefiguredpreciselyto keepthemfrom swellingshut.

when theelementsof designw, ood,andjoinerycometogithercorrectlyt,hecase

will survivesothatfuturegenerationwsill becomeintriguedenoughto wantto turn

theknob,openthedoor,andsearchfor thesecrect ompartment.

ChrisBecksvoorbt uildsfinefurniture at his workshop

in New GloucesterM, aine. He is shown herewith

his tinware cupboardin theMeeting Houseat the

Shakercommunityof SabbathdayLake,Maine.

INTRODUCTION

Mario RodriguLeztalakbsoutbuildinghis

CORNER

CUPBOARD

1 A f henmywifeandI startedhouse-huntinign thecountrywelookedatnewcon-

V V temporaryhomesn, ewhousebsuiltin traditionasl tylesa,ndold houses.

Naturallyw, econsideretdhingslikelayouth, eatingsystemsa,nddependabplelumbing.

Butwewerestilldrawnto oldhousesF.orme,therewastheknowledgtehatanold

housewasbuiltbyhand-from thehand-dugfoundationrightup to thehand-split

shingleroof.Oldhousews erebuiltwithsheesr tren$hguidedbyexperiencaendskill.

Weendedup buyinganoldhouse.

Walkingthrbughour placeyouseesurfacetshatundulateandripplefrom hand

planesthaipasedoverthemnearly200yearsagoT. herearechestnubteamswithshirn-

mering,fatetedsurfacecsut by an adzeand thick,pine floorboardsstudded

with hind-wroughtnailsN. l thedoor-wayms,antelsa,ndpanelingwereproducedwith

handplanesfromchoiceHudsonValleypine.No flakeboarodr finger-jointebdase

moldinehere.

I waitedto buildaspecialpiecfoer thediningroom.With itsmassirestonefireplace,

it istheheartof thehouJeI.n thel8th Centuryiiferevolveadroundthisroom.I decided

to buildthecornercupboardshownin thephotoandplaceit oppositethefireplace.

I t ' sl i k e l yt h a ta s i m i l a rp i e c eo c c u p i e dt h es a m es p o tm a n yy e a r sa g o .

I builtthecupboardfromtigermaplem; uchof it wasmadeusingantiquehandtools.

I shapedthemoldingwithplanesandscrapers,omeof whichI mademyselfT. hehard

mapiesurfacewserJhandplanedn, otsandeda,ndup closeyoucansees.mallbitsof

tearout-justas.yowu ouldfindoncupboardfsromthelBthCenturyT. heinteriorof

thecaseisfairlystraightforwarads,idefromafewanglesIt. ismadeofpineandjoined

withdadoeasndrab6ejtointssecurewdithsrnalcl utnailsI. mortisedandtenonedthe

cabineftramesandfinedthesashwith oid,seedegdlassI.evenusedadark,less-refined

shellatco givethewoodawarmhoneycolor.Thenit wasrubbedwith a mlxtureof

pumiceanldfinseedoilto achievaenantique-likseatinfinish.I madethecabineat s

it wouldhavebeenbuilt200yearsagoW. henit wascompleteadndplacedin thecorner,

thecupboardandtheroomcameto life.Togethetrheytakeyoubackto the lBth

CenturvI.t'sa perfecmt atch.

Likeapaintinga, pieceof furnitureneedsthepropersettingto createtherightmood

andatmoiphereX.ot onlyistheproperperiodenvironmenimt portantb, utsoisscale,

colora, ndiightingT. heseareconsideratiotnhsatwillheightentheimpactof thepiece

andcontributetolts succesIsw. ouldenjoymycupboardplantedaq'wherebutwithout

a doubtI enjoyit ntoreinthediningroomof mybeautifuol ldhorne.

MnrioRodriguetzeochewsoodworkinngt WarwickCotuttryWorkjnps irt

WarwickN, ewYorka, ndat theFttshioInnstituteof Technologiny NewYork

City.Heis alsoa contributirtegditorof FineWoodworkingntngctzine.

l1

CABNETKG

BASICS

herearetwokindsof skill on asketch(page18)will help

involvedin constructinag youpurchasteherightlumber

finecabineotrbookcaspeu: tting foryourproject.

togethetrhebasicskeletoonfthe With your stockin hand,

pieceandthenembellishinitg. youcanbeginthestep-by-step

Thefinialsandrosetteosf the procesosf buildinga carcase.

QueenAnnehighboyfeatured Thisbeginws ithpreparinsgtock

on page106mustbe turned (page20)andgluingup panels

with careon alatheandthen Qage2a).A varietyof corner

artfullvcarvedt:hedistinctive joineryoptionsin, cludinghand-

pilasterosf anarmoire(page60) cutdovetailasndplate(orbis-

requirecarefiralttentiontopro- cuit)jointsa, representebdegin-

duceontherouterB. utalthough ningon page26.Nextcomes

thesedistinctiveadornments installinagbackpane(l pagjel)

maycaptureaviewer'asttention, andfinalglue-upandassembly.

theyalsoreflecat truism:No Panelsareoftenmadeof boardsedge-gluetdogether. Theframe-and-pamneelthod

amounot f decoratiownill con- Thepieceshouldproduceapatternthatisvisually ofbuildingacabineist described

ceatlhedefectosfapoorlybuilt interestingwhilethegrainofall theboardsshouldrun startingonpage32.Thistech-

structureT.hischaptelrooksin in thesamedirectionA. markedtrianglewill help niqueispopularnotonlyforits

detaial tthebasicskillsyouwill you rearrangetheboardscorrectlyif theyaremoved appearanbceu,tbecausiteallows

needto selecsttockp, repariet beforeglueup. for woodmovemenItn. many

professionallya,ndthenassem- panelsare\"raised\"-that frame-and-pancealbinetsth, e

bleit into a sturdyfoundationfor your cabinetor bookcase. is,theyhavebevelscut aroundtheir

Thebasicsof cabinetmakingbegiwn ith anunderstanding edgesN. ot onlydothebevelslendadecorativteouch,but they

of wood.Thesectionson dealingwith woodmovement(page alsoallowthewoodto expandandcontractwhilepreservingthe

14),orderingwood,(page16),andpreparingacuttinglistbased worKsintegrity.Raisingpanelsisshownstartingon page36.

A skewchiserlemovesliversof wastefrom the

dovetailsin a drawerside.Cuttingthejoint by

handispainstakingbut it impartsa traditional

anddistinctivelooktoa Dieceof furniture.

t3

WOODMOVEMENT

ood is a hygroscopimc aterial, rangesbetween5 and20percentS. till, possibleR. emembetro makeallowances

absorbinagndreleasinmgoisture the fluctuationin relativehumidity for woodmovemenitn theconstruction

astherelativehumidityof thesurround- betweentypicalNorth Americanwin- of your work.Usingframe-and-panel

ing air risesandfalls.And asthemois- tersand summerscancausesubstan- joinery for example(page32)will pro-

turecontenot fa pieceofwoodchanges, tial woodmovemenot verthe course vide spacefor wood to expandand

sodo its dimensionsandweight.When of ayear. contractwithout affectingthe overall

woodisassembleidnto apieceof furni- Youcancompensaftoer thisin several conditionof thepieceS. omewoodstend

ture, the changescan produceprob- ways.Usea humidifierin winter anda to movemorethanothers;consulta

lems-somegreats, omesmallA. cabinet dehumidifieirn summerto keepthe lumberdealerto find themostdimen-

doorthatshutssmoothlyin December indoorlevelofhumidityasconstinat s sionallystablespeciefsor yourprojects.

maynot closeat all in lune;a perfectly

squarebookcasceanliterallypull itself

apartat thejointsashumiditychanges

throughout the year.Knowing how

moistureaffectswood will help vou M o i s t u rceo n t e nat b o v e3 0 %( n oc h a n g e )

a v o i dt h e s ep r o b l e m s .

Thewaterin woodis measureads

a percentagoefits oven-dryo, r water-

freeweight.Forexampleif, a4O-pound

pieceofwooddropsto 30poundswhen

oven-dried,the weight of the shed Moisturcdontenat tFSP-26%(nochange)

water-10 pounds-divided by the

wood'sdryweight-30 pounds-is the

moisturecontentof theoriginalpiece:

in thiscase3, 3percent.

Woodholdswaterboth asvapor-like

moisturecalledfreewaterin itsiell cav- Moisturceontenatt 17%(%\"shrinkage)

itiesandasboundwaterin thecellwalls.

Whenwoodis cut andexposedto the

air,it shedsitsfreewaterfirst.Whenall

freewateris expelledt,hewoodis said

to beat itsfibersaturationpoint(FSP),

typicallybetween23 and30 percent Moisturceontenat t 13%(%\"shrinkage)

moisturecontentT. othispointtherehas

beennochangein thedimensionosf the

piece;it simplyweighslessA. s wood

driesfurther,howeverw, aterisshedfrom

the cellwalls,causingthem-and the

board-to shrink. Moisturceontenat t 8o\/o('1\"shrinkage)

Undernormalcircumstancewso, od

neverregainsits freewater;a dried

board'scellcavitieswill alwaysremain

emptyof moistureB. ut theamountof

boundwatercontainedin thecellwalls

changews ith shiftsin thehumidityin Asthemoisturleveol fa 2-by-1p0lain-sawplnankofsoftwooludmber

theair.At 100percentrelativehumid- dropsbelowthefibersaturatiopnoin(tFSP)th, ewoodshrinksA.t 17per-

ity,woodreacheists FSPA. t 0 percent cent,theboardis%inchnarrowtehranit wasat itsFSPi;t loseas nother

humidity,woodisdrainedof allwater, %inchofwidthwhenkiln-drietod8 percenSt.hrinkagde pendpsartly

Therelativemoisturein theatmosphere onthedensitoyfthewoodg;enerallayd, ensesrpeciesshrinkasndswells

normallyfallsbetweenthesevaluesa, nd morethana lighteorneS. apwooadlsotendsto changiensizemore

the moisturecontentof mostwoods quickltyhanheartwood.

CABINETMAKING BASICS

W O OSDH R I N K A G E

Tangentaianldradiasl hrinkage

Wooddoesnotshrinkuniformlays; shown

b yt h ed o t t e dr e dl i n e si n t h ei l l u s t r a t i o n

at rightt,angentisahl rinkage-tangetont

t h eg r o w t hr i n g s - i sa b o ut w i c ea sg r e a t

asradiasl hrinkagweh, ichoccurascross

theringsT. hisdifferencceausebsoards

andpaneltso warpastheyshrinkorswell

withchangeisn relativheumiditylt.can

alsocausjeointsto looseonrtightefnrom

excesDs ressuraes,discussebdelow.

Shrinkagaelongthelengthof a boardis

u s u a l liyn s i g n i f i c aAn2t .- b y - 1p0l a n kt h a t

shrink%s inchacrosistswidthmighltose

l e s st h a nX ei n c ha l o n ga n8 - f o olte n g t h .

WOODGRAINANDJOINERY

r< 0 p t i m i z i nggr a i nd i r e c t i o n

Tan4ential T h el o c a t i oonf t h et a n g e n t ipalla n eosf

plane

matingboardwsillsignicf antlayffecat

joint's trengtahndstabilityIn. theide-

a l s i t u a t i o n - assh o w inn t h ei l l u s t r a t i o n

of a mortise-and-tejnooinntat left-the

tangentipalaneosf joinedpieceasre

p a r a l l eTl .h i se n s u r et sh a tt h e b o a r d s

willexperiensciemilawr oodmovement

i n t h es a m ed i r e c t i oanst h e i rm o i s t u r e

c o n t e ncth a n g eOs .r i e n t i nbgo a r dtsh i s

w a yh e l p sp r e v e natj o i n tf r o mc o m i n g

looseit; alsopreventthsematingboards

fromsplittinwg hentheyswelwl ithhigh-

erlevelosf moisture.

15

SELECTINGAND ORDERINGLUMBER

V ou canbuy thelumberfor your woodwill oftenneedto beseasoned exampleo, rderWesternredcedar,not

I woodworkingprojectfrom several andsurfaceRd.eryclebdoardasregrow- simplycedarT. obeabsolutelsyurel,earn

sourcese,achwith its own advantages ingin popularitya,resulot fthescarci- thebotanicanl ameof the woodyou

anddrawbacksT.helocallumberyard ty of certainwoodsandthegrowing wantandaskfor it.

is oftenthe mostconvenienst upplier, sensoef environmentraelsponsibility .Quantity: Letyour supplierknow

but theselectionmaybelimitedto con- feltbv manvwoodworkerWs.hether whetheryou areorderingin boardfeet

structionwoodssuchaspine,spruce, removefdromanoldbarnorapieceof or linealfeet.A linealfoot refersto a

and other softwoods.Though you timewornfurnitures,uchwoodmaybe board'slength,regardlesosf its width

mayfind theoccasionaclacheof hard- relativeliynexpensivaend,becausiet andthicknessT.heboardfootisamea-

woodat a lumberyardy, ou will prob- oftenoriginatefsromoldgrowthtimber, sureof thevolumeof woodtit isusual-

ably haveto venture farther afield, it canbevisuallyandstructurallsyupe- Iy necessartyo referto boardfeetfor

consultingwoodworkingmagazines riortothesmalbl illetsofyoungelrum- orderinghardwoodsw, hich areoften

to find dealerswho soecializien the beravailabtleoday. availablein randomsizesonly.

hardwoodsusedin cabinetryP. ricesfor Beforeorderinygourwoodc, onsider .Size:Woodissoldin nominalrather

goodhardwoodlumbercanbe high, yourrequiremenctasrefullayndreferto thanactuasl izess.omakeallowancefsor

but asisoftenthecasey,ouwill gener- thefollowingtipsto helpyougetwhat thedifferencewhenorderingsurfaced

allygetwhatyou payfor. youneedatareasonabcleost. lumber.A nominal2-bv-4is actuallv

. SpecieAs:skforthespecifiwc ood l'\/i'-by-31.\"Thethicknesosf woodii

Sometimeysou canbuy locallycut

lumberfrom a smallsawmill,but the speciens,otabroadfamilynameF. or oftenexpresseadsafractionin quarters

CATCUTATBINOGARFDEET -,iy6:[,::;#f,

difterenst,izeboardg

0rderinlgumbebrytheboardfoot 1-by-3= 2 board feet i

Theboardfootisa unitof measuremecnotmmonulysedwhen

dealinwg ithhardwooludmberA. sshownbelowt,hestandard l-D!-O = + OOarATeeT ',

boardfootisequivaletnot a pieceof wood1 inchthick,12

inchews ide,and12 incheslongT. ocalculattehenumbeorf 1-by-12=Bboardfeet

boardfeetin a particulaprieceof woodm, ultiplyitsthree

dimensiontsh,endividetheresultbyI44 if thedimensions 2-by-4=5%boardfeet

areallin incheso.rbv12 if oneofthedimensioinssinfeet.

Theformulafora standardboard:

I \" x 1 2 \"x 1 2 \"+ I 4 4 = I ( o r1 \"x 1 2 \"x 1 ': 1 2= I )

Soif youhada 6{ooflong1-by-4y,ouwouldcalculattehe

boardfeetasfollows1: \"x 4\"x $' + 12= 2 (or2 boardfeet).

Otheer xamoleasreshownintheillustratioRn,emembtehrat

boardfeetarecalculateodnthebasisof nominarlathetrhan

actuadl imensions.

1\"x 12\"x 12\"= 1eLandardboardfoot

2-W-6 = B board feet i,

T6

CABINETMAKING BASICS

of an inch.A 2-inch-thickboard,for primarydifferencebetweenthe two T H ES T A G EOSF

examplei,s expresseads%;surfacingwill is the moisturecontent(MC) of the C A B I N EPTR O D U C T I O N

reduceit to 1%inchesW. th unsurfaced w o o d .K i l n - d r i e dw o o dh a sa m o i s t u r e

or greenwood,thenominaland actual contentof about8 percenti;t will not Likemost askst,hebuilding

drv anvfurtherwhenusedfor indoor of a oieceof furniturceanbe

dimensionasrethesame. fuiniture.Air-driedwoodhasan MC accomplishmedosst moothly

. Grade: The primary difference of 12to 15percentT. hiswoodisoften andefficientlyif youtakea

chosenby carverso,r by woodworkers methodicalpproachM. ost

betweenhigh andlow gradesof hard- who preferto dry theirownwood. p r o j e c t si n v o l v teh e s t e p sl i s t -

woodlumberis appearancreatherthan ed belowt;heyshoulbdecar-

strengthB. ecaustehegradeofa board .SurfacingS: urfacingrefersto how r i e do u ti n t h es e q u e n cseh o w n ,

isdeterminedbytheproportionsof clear wood is preparedat the mill beforeit startingat thedrawingboard

andendingwitha finalinspec-

wood it contains,largehigh-grade comesto the lumberyard.Hardwood t i o n .F o rm a x i m u me f f i c i e n c y ,

boardsarefarmoreexpensivtehanlow- lumberisusuallysurfacedon both faces l a yo u ty o u rt o o l si n t h es h o p

er-gradeboardsI.f youneedonlysmall- (S2S)I.fyou haveaplanerandajointer, s ot h a ty o u rw o o df o l l o w sa

er high-gradepiecesyou cancut them r e l a t i v edl yi r e c tr o u t ef r o m

out ofa lower-gradeboard,atgreatsav- buying rough lumber and surfacing roughstockto finalassembly.

ings.Consultyourlocaldealerfor achart it yourselwf ill provelessexpensive. C o n s i d e r a t i foonrsd e t e r mi n g

yourneedsandorderinwg ood

ofthe differentgradesavailable. a r ed i s c u s s eadt l e f ta n do np a g e

. SeasoningL:umberis soldeither 18.Stockpreparatioan djoin-

e r yb e g i no n p a g e2 0 .

kiln-dried(KD) or air-dried(AD).The

r D e s i gann dp l a np i e c e

. Listandordemr aterials

. Preparsetock

. J o i n to n ef a c ea n de d g e

. Planoethefrace

. Riptowidth

rGrosscutot length

. Cutjoints

. S a n db e f o raes s e m b l y

. A s s e m bcl eo m p o n e n t s

. F i n i s hs a n d

oMakeandinstaldl oors

anddrawers

' A P P IfYi n i s h

. G i v ef i n a li n s p e c t i o n

t7

CABINETMAKINGBASICS

C U T T I NLGI S T S Adjuotableehelf

Makinagndusinga cuttinlgist

A cuttinglistrecordths efrnishesdizes

of lumbenr eedefdora particulaprieceof

f u r n i t u r el f.o n ei s n o ti n c l u d ewdi t ht h e

plansyoupurchasyeo, uwillhaveto make

yourownbaseodna sketchofthedesign.

U s et h ef o r m u lsah o w no np a g e1 6t o

totalthenumbeorf boardfeetforeach

componeonfttheprolecta;dd20 to 40

p e r c e n(td e p e n d i nogn t h es p e c i e st o)

accounfot rwasteanddefectisnthewood.

Forthebookcassehownat rightw, hich

totalsroughl1y4boardfeety, oushould

purchas1e7to 20 boardfeetof%lumber

i n a d d i t i otno t h ep l y w o of do rt h eb a c ko f

thecaseA. sshownbelowa,cuttinglist

s h o u l di n c l u dteh en a m eo ft h ec o m p o -

n e n tt,h eq u a n t i ttyh,ed i m e n s i oonfse a c h

p i e c ea, n dt h ew o o ds p e c i esse l e c t ef od r

theprojectF. orconveniencaes,sigenach

piecea kevlettefrorlater eference,

C U T T I Nt lGS T

Piece Qtv. Th. w. L. Material Boardfeet

ATop 1 1u 10' 23Yo' ash 1.6

B Bottom I 1', 10' 23Yo' ash 1.6

CSide a 1 u 10\" 4z', asn 5.8

Z

D F i x e ds h e l f 1 1u 10' 23%'. ash 1.6

EA d j u s t a bsl eh e l v e s 1u 10' zL-k asn 3.0

FBack 1 Y\"' 24', 42', plywood

18

LUMBERDEFECTS

T umberdefectms ayreduceaboard's Mostdefectsh,owevear,reundimin- T h e c h a r tb e l o wi l l u s t r a t e s o m eo f

L.i strengthor workabilityor mar its ishedtroubleA. lthoughsomemayresult the mostcommondefectsanddetails

appearanceO.r, in thehandsof a cre- fromdamagteothestandintgreeorthe thewayin whichmostcanbe correct-

ativewoodworkers, omedefectsmayin lumbercutfromit, thegreatenstumber ed;with diligentuseof thebandsaw

factbecomevisualassetstr,ansforming ofdefectasreproducebdyirreguladrry- eventhemostseriouslcyuppedboards

anordinarypieceinto aworkof art. ingofthewood. canbesalvage(dpage21).

DEFECITNSWOOD

CHARACTERISTICS REMEDIES

Appearassa whorel ncirclebdysoundtissueF. ormeads Tightknotscanbecutoutorused,

girthoftreeincreasegsr,adualelynvelopinbgranchL.ive asappearandciectatesd;eador

brancheinstegrawteithsurroundiwngoodr,esultinign looseknotsmustberemoved

tightknotsd; eadstubscannoitntegrawteithsurroundingbeforeworkingwithstock.

t i s s u ef,o r m i n gd e a do r l o o s ek n o t s .

Anaccumulatioonnthesurfaceoftheboardor in pockets Donotusestockif a quality

withintheboardU. sualldyevelopwshena treehassuf- finishisrequireads,gumwill

bleedthrougmh osftinishes.

feredaninjurye, xposutroefire,orinsecat ttack.

Lengthwirsueptureosrseparatioinnsthewoodu, sually Canbecutoff'

causebdyrapiddryingM. aycompromisterengtahnd

a p p e a r a nocfeb o a r d .

A ne n d - t o - e ncdu r v ea l o n gt h ef a c e ,u s u a l lcya u s ebdy F l a t t e nb o w e db o a r dos nt h e

impropesrtoragoef lumberI.ntroduceinsternasltresses j o i n t e ro, r c u t i n t os h o r t epri e c e s ,

inthewoodthatmakeit difficultto cut. t h e nu s et h ej o i n t e r .

Anedge-to-edcguerveacrostsheface.Commoinn C u p p ebdo a r dcsa nb es a l v a g e d

tangentiaclluytstocko, rboardcsutclosetothepith, onthebandsaw(page21)or

if onefaceof a boardhaslesscontacwt iththeairthan f l a t t e n eodnt h ej o i n t e r .

t h eo t h e r .

Crook End-to-encdurvealongtheedgec, ausedbyincorrect Boardcanbesalvagebdyjointing

seasoninogrcuttingtheboardclosetothepithof a tree. andrippingwastefromtheedges.

ffilJ---------\/ Weakenthsewoodm, akingit unsuitabfloerweight- C r o o k ebdo a r drse m a i nu n s t a b l e ,

a n dm a yn o ts t a i no rf i n i s hw e l l .

Twist b e a r i nagp p l i c a t i o n s .

B o a r dc a nb ef l a t t e n eodnj o i n t e r ,

.-'-t-Z Uneveonrirregulawrarpinwg henonecorneirsnot o rc u t i n t os h o r t ebro a r d s .

alignewd iththeothersR. esultfsromunevednryingor

Y--t'-- a cross-grapinatternthatisnotparalletol theedge.

Split Similatro checksa,ppeartnagsseparatioanlsongthe Boardcanbeusedb, utsplitmay

€ grovurthingsA. lsoknownasringcheckorringshank. martheappearanocfethewood,

Resultfsromimpropedrryingofwoodorfellingdamage. becominmgorenoticeabwlehen

s t a i ni sa p p l i e d .

l9

PREPARINGSTOCK

\/l nceyouhavedesigneadprojecat nd Theprocedureysou followdepend boardto makeit parallelto the first.

\\-rl purchasedthelumber,you must on how thewoodwassurfacedbefore W h e nt h e s t o c ki si q u a r ea n d s m o o t h ,

preparethe stock,jointing andplaning you boughtit. For rough,unsurfaced youarereadytorip it to widthandcross-

it smoothandsquarec, uttingit to the Iumber,first smoothonefaceon the cut it to length.

properdimensionasndsandinganysur- jointer,thenoneedgep, roducingtwo

facesthatwill bedifficultto reachwhen adjoiningsurfacetshatareat90oto each For S2Slumber,whichhasalready

thework is assembled. other.Next,planethe otherfaceof the hadbothfaces urfacedy,ouneedonlv

joint oneedgeacrossthejointer,then

cutto width andlengh. S4Sstock,with

all four surfacedsressedc,anberipped

andcrosscuitmmediatelyo; nlysurfaces

thatwill begluedtogethemr ustbejoint-

ed.Beforegluingup anypart ofyour

project,rememberto sandanysurfaces

thatwillbehardto reachafterassembly.

A jointer producesa smooth,even

edgeon a hardwoodboard.For best

results,seta cutting depth between

Vtaand t\/einch.

SURFACILNUGMBER

l o i n t i nag b o a r d

Slidethefencetowardtheguardi,f necessatroy,ensure fence.F) eedtheboardslowlay ndsteadilaycrostsheknives

thatnoportioonf thecutterknivews illbeexposeadsthe ( a b o v ea)p p l y i ndgo w n w a rpdr e s s u roen t h e o u t f e e ds i d eo f

workpiecpeasseosverthem.Laytheworkpiecfaece-down t h ek n i v e as n dl a t e r apl r e s s u raeg a i n stth ef e n c eW. h e n

ontheinfeedtablea fewinchefsromtheknivesB. uttits

w o r k i nwg i t hl o n gs t o c kb, r i n gy o u rl e f th a n dt o t h eb a c k

edgeagainstht efencet,henplacetwopushblocksquarely o f t h ew o r k p i e cweh e ny o u rr i g h th a n dp a s s etsh ek n i v e s .

on itsfacec, enterebdetweetnheedges(.Usepushblocks W h e no n ef a c ei sd o n ej,o i n tt h eb o a r de d g ea ss h o w ni n

withoffseht andletso prevenytourhandsfromhittingthe theohotoabove.

20

CABINETMAKING BASICS

P l a n i nsgt o c k l]lllljlllllll]llllllllllllllll1llllillltillllililllllllill

Set hecuttingdepthto %oinchS. tand

to onesideoftheplanearnduseboth )HO? TI? @

handsto feedthestockcarefulliynto

t h em a c h i nOe .n c et h ef e e dm e c h a n i s m g a l v a g i n go u p p e do t o a k

g r i p st h eb o a r da n db e g i ntso p u l li t

acrostshecutterheasdu,ppotrht etrail- on lhe bandeaw

i n ge n dt o k e e pi t f l a to nt h et a b l e Y o uc a no a l v a g ceu p p e db o a r d ou e i n q

Nhebandsaw,radialarm eaw,or table

hbove)T. henmoveto theoutfeed eawfo riVVinqNheehockinNnoarrower

sideoftheplanetro supportthework- boardel.f youare ueinqlhe bandeaw

precwe ithbothhandsuntilit cleartshe as ehownherei,neNayllourwideet'

outfeedrollerT. opreventht estockfrom bladeand a rip fence.Thenarrow-

warpinign usea, voidplaninognlyone er Nhewidlh of cuI,I'heflaNt'erthe

f a c ei;n s t e a dp ,l a n et h es a m ea m o u n t reeulting boarde.5 el Nheboard

convex(hiqh)eideuponlhe Iable

o f w o o df r o mb o t hs i d e s a n d ,b u l 5 i n qL h ebo a r da q a i n e t

the fence,teedit eteadilyinbo

the bladeF, inishthe paeewiNha

p u e he t i c k . K e m o vaen y r e m a i n i n q

h i q ho p o t eo n t h e j o i n t e r .

2l

CABINETMAKINGBASICS

DIMENSIONINSGT(]CK

R i p p i nagb o a r do nt h et a b l es a w withyourighht andm, akrncgertaitnhatneithehrandisinline

wrththebladeK. eeppushintgheboarduntilthebladecuts

Setthebladeheighat bou%t inchabovteheworkpiecpeo. si- throughit completelTyo. keepyourfingerfsromcomingcloser

tiontheripfenceforthewidthof cut,thenpushthestockinto than3 inchefsromthebladeu, sea pushstickto completehe

t h eb l a d eh, o l d i nigt f i r m l ya g a i n st ht ef e n c ew i t hy o u rl e f t pass(.CautionB:ladeguardpartiallryetractefdorclarity.)

h a n da n df e e d i ntgh eb o a r dw i t hb o t ht h u m b s( a b o v eS) .I a n d

slightltyo onesideoftheworkpieacendstraddtlheefence

Crosscuttisntgock

W r t ht h ew o r k p i e cf leu s ha g a i n st ht e

m i t e rg a u g ea,l i g nt h ec u t t i n gm a r kw i t h

thebladeP. ositiothneripfencewelal way

fromtheendof thestockto preventht e

cut-ofpf iecefromjamminaggainstht e

b l a d ea n dk i c k i nbga c kt o w a rydo u .H o o k

thethumbsof bothhandos vetrhemiter

gaugteo holdthestockfirmlyagainstht e

g a u g ae n df l a to nt h et a b l et,h e nf e e d

t h eb o a r di n t ot h e b l a d e( r i g h t )(.C a u t i o n :

Bladeguardpartiallryetractefdorclarity.)

22

CABINETMAKING BASICS

SANDING

lllllllllllllllllllllljl]llllllllliltllllllllllIIllllllt Usinag beltsander

Clampa stopblockto a worksurfacteo

1 H O ?T I ? k e e pt h es t o c kf r o mm o v i n gI .n s t a lal

s a n d i nbge l ta n dd r a p et h ep o w ecr o r d

Making repeat overyourshouldetor keepit outof the

cuts with the wayW. iththesandindgirectiopnarallel

lable eaw

Tocut,several to thewoodgraint,urnonthetooland

boardeLoNhe slowlyloweirt ontothesurface(above).

e a m e l e n q Nohn Somewoodworkeprrsefetro setthetool

Nhet ablesaw, f latontheworkpiecbeeforestartingit.

6crewa boardLo

lhe milerqauqe Ineithecr asem, ovethemachinaelong

a e a n e x t e n e i o ne,n o u r i n q

Nhat one ende>lvendbseYonLdhe thegrainwithlongo, verlappisntgrokes

sawbladeT. ueht'hemiberqauqet'o

cut,intol'heendof the e>l1ension.Tuorfnfthe untilthesurfaceis smoothT.oavold

eawandmarkf'helenqlhof cut onIhe erteneion.

Aliqnawoodblockwi|ht'hemarkand clampiNin p.lace g o u g i ntgh es u r f a c ek,e e pt h e s a n d e r

ae-aolop blockT. olineup oachcul, bulN'lheendof

vheworkpiecaeqainetN' heblockand makeNhecut' flatandalwayms ovingd;o notletthe

m a c h i npea u s ei n o n es p o t .

23

CABINETMAKINGIOINERY

his sectionintroducessomestan- canbecutonavarietyof powertools, casewill needaback.Installationdetails

J. dardjoinerytechniquecsommon areprovidedon page31.

but thehand-cuttintgechniqusehown

to thebuildingof virtuallyanystyleof startingonpage26will giveyouthedis- Manytypesof cabinetsin, cludingthe

cgline1orbookcasIefy. ouareusingsol- tinctivelookassociatewdithfinefurni- armoireshownon page60,arebuilt

id lumberforyourprojecty,ouwill make ture.A platejoint,shownbeginninogn a r o u n d f r a m e - a n d - p a n eals s e m b l i e s

upthewidepanelfsorthecarcasoer the page29,is a muchquickeroption. ratherthancrcrses.Twojoineryoptions

paneol faframe-and-panaeslsemblyby Althoughit lacksthedovetail'essthet- for buildingsucha cabinetarepresent-

ic appealt,heplatejoint is virtually ed:themortise-and-teno(npage33)and

gluingboardstogetheerdge-to-edgaes, thecope-and-sticjokint (page35).The

shownbelowT. histechniquenables a ss t r o n ga n di s a ne x c e l l e ncth o i c ei f panelsfor a frame-and-paneclabinet

youto savemoney-wideboardsare youareworkingwith p\

voodpanels, canbe raisedon eitherthe tablesaw

prohibitiveleyxpensive-withosuat cri- whichcannobt ejoinedwithdovetails. (pagej6) or router (page3S).

ficingstrengtha;glued-up aneilsjust Whichevejorintyouchoosey,ourcar-

asstrongasasinglepieceof lumberI.f

youareworkingwith plywoodpanels,

hardwoodbandingwill hideunsightly GLUINUGPA PANET

edge(spage25).

Ofthedozenosfjoineryoptionst,he

throughdovetaijloint remainsthe

benchmarokfcraftsmanshTiph.ejoint

Theplateo, r biscuijto, intffirs a strong 1 Applyinthgeglue

andsimplemethodof connectincgar- r Settwobarclampos na worksurfacaendlaytheboardosntop.Adoasmany

casecornerswith a minimumofset-up clampassyouneedtosuppotrht epieceast24-to36-inchintervalpsr.opthecramos

time.The slotsarecut with a special onnotchewd oodblocktso keepthemfromfallingoverM. arktheendgrainorientation

ofeachboardwitha pencilt,henarrangtehepiecetsoenhancteheirappearancaes,

toolknownasaplatejoiner.Onceglue showninthephoto npage13.Tominimizwearpingm, akesuretheendgrainof adja-

centboardrsunsin oppositdeirectionosn. ceyouhavea satisfactoarryrangemenr,

isaddedto theslotso,valbiscuitsofcom- alignthepieceesdgeto-edgaendmarka triangloenthestockto helpyouassembltehe

pressebdeechare inserted.When the boardastglueup.Nextc, uttwoprotectivweoodpadsat leasat slongastheboards.

joint isgluedandassembletdh,ebiscuits Leavintghefirstboardfacedowns, tandtheotherpieceosnedgewiththealignment

swellc, reatinga durableconnection. marksfacingawayfromyou.Applya thingluebeadto eachboard(abover)n,enuse

a smalls, tiff-bristlebdrushtospreatdheadhesiveeventv.

24

CABINETMAKING BASICS

llltllllllllllllllllillfllllllllllillllllllilllllllllJllll r) Tightenitnhgeclamps

1 H O ?T t ? L Settheboardfsacedownm, aking

surethesidesofthetrianglaelignT. ight-

Addingedgemolding e nt h ec l a m pus n d etrh eb o a r djsu s t

to plywood enougtho prestshemtogetheIrn. stalal

Coiceatl he vieible dqeeof

plywoodpanelewilh eolid' t h i r dc l a m pa c r o stsh et o po f t h es t o c k ,

woodmoldin7U. oea I'ongue-

and-groovjeoint'lo )oinlhe centerinitgbetweethneothersG. radually

pieceoC. UIa qrooveinNo tightenalltheclamps(aboveu)ntitl here

lhe ed4eone-t'hirdas Nhick a r en og a p sb e t w e etnh e b o a r das n d

a e N h eo a n e l . T h esna wa a thinbeadof gluesqueezeosutofthe

matchiiqlonyueonthe edqe jointsU. sea Cclampto leveal djacent

of lhe hardwoodboardthat'

willbeusedaslhe edqemold- b o a r dtsh a td on o tl i ep e r f e c tfl lyu s hw i t h

inq.(lNis besl'o maket'he eachotherP. rotectinthgeboardws itha

w o o dp a d ,c e n t etrh ec l a m po nt h ej o t n t

n e a trh ee n d sa n dt i g h t e ni t u n t i lt h e

boardasreleve(l inset)t,henremove

theclampandpad.Usea puttyknifeto

removaesmuchof thesqueezed-out

glueaspossiblbeeforiet driesO. ncethe

a d h e s i vhea sc u r e dr,e m o vteh ec l a m p s

andusea patntscrapetro removaeny

g l u et h a tr e m a i n s .

lgheec7u rr oel hoev eand on Lhetonque .

moldinqin 7lacewilh

N h r e e - w acyl a m p o .

25

CABINETMAKING BASICS

HAND.CUDTOVETAILS

thoulder

1

Waate Center

'l 0utlinintghepins s h o u lbden ow i d etrh a nt h et a i l se; v e n lsyp a c epdi n sa t l e a s t

o n e { h i r tdh es i z eo f t h ew a s t es e c t i o nasr o u ntdh e mw i l lm a k e

I Marktheoutsidfeaceofeachboardwitha bigX,thenset f o ra na t t r a c t i vset,r o n gj o i n t .B e g i nw i t hh a l f - p i nast e a c h

a cutting augteo thethicknesosfthestockandscribea line edgem, akincgertaitnhatthenarrowsidesofthepinsareon

arountdheendsofthefourpaneltso marktheshouldeorfthe theoutsidfeaceofthepanelO. utlintehewastesectionbseside

pinsandtailsT. hepaneltshatwillformthetopandbottomof

t h ec a r c a swei l lb et h ep i nb o a r d sS.e c u reea c ho n ei n t u r ni n thehalf-pinasndmarkthecenteor fthepaneel nd.Ouflinae

a viseandusea dovetasilquarteo ouflinethepinsontheends pinatthecentemr arkt,henmarktheremaininpgins(above,

o f t h eb o a r di n t h es e q u e n cseh o w na b o v e( .y o uc a na l s ou s ea

slidingbeveltomarkthepinss; etanangleof l:6 forsoftwood right),indicatinagllthewastesectionws ithXs.Usea combi-

o r1 : 8f o rh a r d w o o d . ) T haerreen of i r mg u i d e l i n feosrs i z i n g nationsquarteo extentdhemarksdowntotheshouldelirneon

a n ds p a c i ntgh ep i n so f a d o v e t ajiol i n t .I ng e n e r atlh, ep i n s b o t hf a c e sa sy o ug o .

r) Cuttintghepins

Z- Securtehef irstpinboardrna vise

w r t hi t so u t s i d ef a c et o w a r dy o u .U s ea

dovetasilaivto cutalongtheedgeos f

thepinsw, orkinfgromonesideofthe

panetlo theother(right)S. omewood-

workerfsindit easietro cutalltheleft-

h a n de d g efsi r s t ,a n dt h e nm o v eo nt o

theright-haneddgesF. oreachcut,align

t h es a wb l a d ew i t ht h ew a s t es i d eo f t h e

c u t t i n gl i n ea n du s es m o o t he,v e ns t r o k e s ,

takingcareto keepthebladeperpendic-

ularto thepaneel ndasyoucutto the

shouldelirnesR. epeatht eproceduarte

theoppositeendoftheboardandat both

e n d so f t h eo t h e rp i nb o a r d .

26

CABINE,TMAKINGBASICS

llllllljt]lillllllll[llll]illllllllllJllltjillli[ tlil]Illll Q Chiselinogutthewaste

r-J Mostof the wastewoodbetweenthe

9 H O 7T t ? p i n sc a nb e r e m o v ewd i t ha c o p i n gs a w ,

a ss h o w ni n t h es h o pt i p b e l o wl,e a v i n g

Cuttin7 awaywaole t h ef i n a lp a r i n gf o ra c h i s e lH. o w e v eirt,

with a aopingsaw i s n o tm u c hm o r ed i f fi c u l tt o c h i s eol u t

A copinqsawworKe all the wasteT. hekeyis to workpatient-

a s w e l la s a c h i e e l l y ,r e m o v i ntgh i n s l i v e r so f w o o dw i t h

for clearingawayNhe e a c hc u t ,u s i n ga c h i s enl ow i d e rt h a n

bulkof the wast'ewood the narrowsideof the wastesectionS. et

betweenNhepine.WiNh t h e p i nb o a r do u t s i d e - f a cuep o n a w o r k

N h ep a n e le e c u r e du p r i 4 h l i n s u r f a c ea n dc l a m pa g u i d eb l o c ko nt o p

a v i e e ,s l a n d f a c i n q t h e o u N - w i t ht h ee d g ea l i g n e dw i t ht h es h o u l d e r

s i d ef a c e o f N h eV a n e la n d o l i d e l i n e .H o l d i n gt h ec h i s ebl e v e l - o uatg a i n s t

the saw bladeinto t'he kerl beeide t h eg u i d eb l o c ka n dp e r p e n d i c u ltaort h e

each pin,Kolale lhe frame wit'houL f a c eo f t h ew o r k p i e c es t,r i k et h e h a n d l e

e N r i k i n aN h ee n d o f L h e b o a r da n d c u No u t ' w i t ha w o o d e nm a l l et o s c o r ea % - i n c h -

a e m u c hw a e t ' ea o y o Dc a n w h i l ek e e p i n qt h e deepcut (abovel,eft).Thencut fromthe

b l a d ea b o u l \/ , ai n c ha b o v et ' h e s h o u l d e rl i n e .C u l endof the boardto shaveoff a %-inch

u n Nyi lo ur e a c h l h e k e rot n L h ee d q eo f t ' h ea d l a c e n t layerof wasle(above,rrght).Continue

pin.Dsea chieello pareawayanyremaininwq asLe. r e m o v i ntgh ew a s t eu n t i ly o ua r ea b o u t

halfwatyhroughthestockO. nceyouhave

removedall the wastefromonesideof

theboardt,urnit overr, epositiotnheedge

o f t h eg u i d eb l o c kd i r e c t loy v e rt h es h o u l -

d e rl i n e ,a n dr e m o vteh ew a s t ef r o mt h e

o t h e rs i d e .

CABINETMAKING BASICS

?in board

X

( ) u t l i n i nagn dc u t t i ntgh et a i l s

M a r ks h o u l d el irn e so nt h et a i lb o a r dassv o ud i do nt h e t o e x t e ntdh el i n e so n t ot h ee n d so ft h eb o a r d sM. a r ka l lt h e

p i nb o a r d sS,e to n eo f t h et a i lb o a r dosu t s i d e - f adcoew no n wastesectionwsithXs.Usea dovetasilawto cutthetailsthe

a w o r ks u r f a caen dc l a m pa g u i d eb l o c ka l o n gt h ee x p o s e d samewayyoucutthepins(step2). Forsomewoodworkers,

s h o u l d el irn e .T h e nu, s i n ga h a n d s c r eawn dc l a m p sf i,xo n e

pinboardonendagainstht eguideblockwithitsoutsidfeace anglingthe board(abover,ight)rathetrhanthesawmaKes

f o re a s i ecru t t i n gI.n e i t h ecr a s es, a ws m o o t h layn de v e n l y

a w a yf r o mt h et a i lb o a r dM, a k es u r et h ee d g e sa r ea l i g n e d ,

t h e no u t l i n et h et a i l s( a b o v e\/ e, f f ) .R e p e atth ep r o c e d u r e a l o n gt h ee d g eo f e a c ht a i l ,s t o p p i nagt t h es h o u l d el irn e .

O n c ea l l t h es a wc u t sh a v eb e e nm a d ei n b o t ht a i lp a n e l s .

o n t h eo p p o s i teen do f t h eb o a r da n do nt h eo t h etra i l removtehewastewitha chiseol ra copingsaw.

panetl,henremovteheclampasndusea combinatisoqnuare

f, Gluinugpthecarcase

r.,l Dry-assemtbhlecarcasbeeforgelueupto ensurtehe

jointsfit properlPy.resesachcornetrogethebryhandasfar

asit willgot,hentapthepieceisntofinalpositiowniththe

malletp, rotectinthgewoodwitha scrapboardl.f a jointis

tootrghtm, arkthespotwhereit bindst,hendisassemore

thecarcasaendpareexceswsoodat themarkO. nceyou

a r es a t i s f i ewd i t ht h ef i t , t a k ec a r eo ft h eo t h er e q u i r e m e n t s

ofthecarcasesu, chasinstallinagbackpane(lpag3ej) or

p r e p a r i tnhges i d e sf o rs h e l v i nogr d r a w e r Fs .o rg l u eu p ,

m a k ef o u rw o o dp a d sa sl o n ga st h ew i d t ho ft h ep a n e lasn d

c u ts m a ltlr i a n g u l anro t c h eisn t h ep a d ss ot h e yo n l yc o n r a c t

thetailsS. preaadthin,evenlayeor fglueonallthecon-

t a c t i n gs u r f a c etsh,e na s s e m btlheec a r c a saen di n s t a tl lw o

barclampascrostshepin boardsT.ightentheclampas

littleatatimeuntial smalal mounotfgluesqueezoeus tof

thejoints(rghf).

28

CABINETMAKINGBASICS

ASSEMBLINAGCARCASWEITHPLATEJ()INTS 1 Markintgheslotlocations

I l d e n t i ftyh eo u t s i dfea c eo f e a c h

\/\":.

panewl ithanX,thenmarklocatiolinnes

f o rt h es l o t so ne a c ho f t h ef o u rc o r n e r s .

Tostartp, laceonesidepaneol utside-face

d o w no n a w o r ks u r f a caen dh o l dt h e

toppaneal ta 90' angleto it.Usea pen-

c i lt o m a r kl i n e so nt h ea d j o i n i npga n e l s

abou|2incheisnfromeachcornerm; ake

a thirdmarkmidwaaylongtheedge(left).

W i d epra n e wl si l lr e q u i raed d i t i o n ab li s -

c u i t s ;i n g e n e r atlh, e r es h o u lbdeo n e

b i s c u ietv e r4y t o 6 i n c h e sR. e p e at ht e

p r o c e d u troe m a r ks l o tl o c a t i o nosn

t h e o t h etrh r e ec o r n e rosf t h ec a r c a s e .

Addreferencle ttertso helpyouidenti-

fy thecorners.

r) Cuttintgheslots cutontheplateloinerR, estthetoolonthesuppobrtoardb,utt

L m\" setupshowanbovwe illallowyoutocutalltheslotsfor itsfaceplaategainstht eendofthetoppaneal,ndaligntheguide-

onecarcasceornewr ithoumt ovintghepanelsL.eavinagside

paneol utside-fadcoewns, etthetoppieceoutside-faucpeon lineonthefaceplawteitha slotlocatiomn arkonthestockT. hen

cuta slotat eachmark(abovele, ft).Iocutthematingslotsin

topof it.Offsetthetoppanebl ythestockthicknesms,aking thesidepanelb,uttthejoiner'bsaseplateagainstht etoppan-

surethematinsglotlocatiomn arkosnthetwopanelasreper- e la n dt h e na l i g nt h ec e n t egru i d e l i noent h ep l a t ew i t ha s l o t

f e c t l ay l i g n eCd .l a mtph ep i e c eisn p l a c ea n ds e ta s u p p o r t locationmark(abover,rght).

boardthesamethicknesassthestockinfrontof thepanels.

F o l l o twh em a n u f a c t u r ei nrs' st r u c t i ofnosrs e t t i ntgh ed e p t ho f

29

CABINETMAKINGBASICS

Q Insertintghebiscuits

r-,1 Onceall the slotshavebeencut, dry-

f i t t h e p a n e l sa n dc u t a b a c kp a n e li f t h a t

is partof yourdesign(page31),or make

r e a d yf o r s h e l v e so r d r a w e r sT. h e ns e t

o n es i d ep a n eol u t s i d e - f a cdeo w no n t h e

w o r ks u r f a c ea n ds p r e a dg l u ei n t h es l o t s

a n da l o n gt h e p a n esl u r f a c ei,n s e r t i n g

b r s c u i tas s y o ug o ( l e f ) . f o p r e v e ntth e

w o o d e nw a f e r sf r o me x p a n d i n gb e f o r e

t h e p a n e l sa r ea s s e m b l e dp.r o c e etdo

s t e p4 a sq u i c k l ya sp o s s i b l e .

G l u i nugpt h ec a r c a s e

F i tt h e t o p a n db o t t o mp a n e l so n

t h e s i d ep a n eal n dt h e na p p l ya d h e s i v e

i n t h e s l o t sa n da l o n gt h e p a n e el n d s ,

i n s e r t i nbgi s c u i t sa sy o ug o .A d dt h e o t h -

e r s i d e p a n e l( r i g h t ) .T u r n i n gt h e c a r -

caseon end,usetwobarclampsto press

t h e t o p a n d b o t t o mp a n e l st o g e t h ear n d

t i g h t e nt h e c l a m p se x a c t l ya sy o uw o u l d

w h e ng l u i n gu p a c a r c a swe i t hd o v e t a i l

lotnIs(page28),Ihistime usingstandard

woodpadsto protecthe stock.

30

INSTALLINAGBACKPANEL CABINETMAKINGBASICS

\\\\- 'l Routinagrabbefot rthepanel

\\ I Drv-assemtbhleeoanelasndsetthecarcasoena worksur-

f a c ew i t hi t sb a c kf a c i n gu p ;h o l dt h ep i e c etso g e t h eurs i n ga

b a rc l a m pw i t hs u p p obr to a r d sI n. s t aal l% - i n crha b b e t i nbgi t

w i t ha b a l l - b e a r ipnigl oat n da d j u stth ed e p t ho fc u tt o m a k e

a r a b b et ht a tw i l lb e ' l oi n c hd e e p et hr a nt h et h i c k n eos sft h e

b a c kp a n eyio uw i l lb ei n s t a l l i nSgt.a r t i nagto n ec o r n eorf t h e

carcasere, stherouter'bsaseplateonthesupporbtoarwd ith

thebitjustcleaor ftheworkpiecHeo. ldintgheroutefrirmlyin

bothhandstu, rnonthetooal ndguidethebitintothepane0l.nce

thepilotbearinmg eettshestockp, ulltherouteargainstht edirec-

tionofbitrotationk,eepintghebaseplatef lat.Whenyoureach

thecornertu, rnoffthetool,repositiothnesupporbtoardand

c u tr a b b e tasl o n gt h ee d g eosft h er e m a i n i npga n e lfso l l o w i n g

t h es a m ep r o c e d u r( e\/ e f t ) .

r ) S q u a r i ntgh ec o r n e l s 2 Installintghepanel

L t l s ea p e n c ial n da s t r a i g h t e d gt oe r J I n s t a l l i ntgh e p a n edl u r i n gg l u eu p o f t h ec a r c a swe i l l h e l pk e e pt h ea s s e m b l y

m a r ks q u a r ec o r n e r sa t t h e r o u n d e d

e n d so f t h er a b b e t sU. s i n ga ' l - i n c ho r s q u a r eC. u ta p i e c eo f p l y w o otdo f i t s n u g l yi n t ot h e r a b b e t sG. l u eu p t h e c a r c a s e

w i d e rw o o dc h i s e ls, t r i k et h et o o lw i t h a n d ,a t t h e s a m et i m e ,a p p l ya t h i nb e a do f g l u ea l o n gt h er a b b e tasn do nt h ec o n -

a woodenmallel(above)c.uttingto the tactingsurfaceosf the plywoodS. preadtheglueevenlys, etthe panelin positiona,nd

d e o t ho f t h er a b b e tB. es u r et h ec h i s e l u s ef i n i s h i nnga i l s t os e c u r ei t a t 4 - t o 6 - i n c hi n t e r v a lbsb o v e )Y, o uc a na l s og l u eu p

b e v efl a c e st h e i n s i d eo f t h e c a r c a s e . t h ec a r c a ssee p a r a t e llye,tt h ea d h e s i vder y ,a n dt h e ni n s t a ltlh e p a n e l .

JI

CABINETMAKING BASICS

FRAME.AND.PACN(lENLSTRUCTI()N

Frame-and-pacnaeblinetms ayvary cope-and-stiocnkpage35. Whatever nerontheedgetshaninthemiddle.

w i d e l yi n t h e i rd e t a i l sb,u ta l ls h a r es e v - thejointc, abinetmakgeersneralblyuild Theshapeofsucha so-callerdaised

e r a lf e a t u r e sT:h ea s s e m b l i ae rsec o m -

prisedof framesmadefromstilesand framefsromstockthatisat leas%t inch paneilsachievebdycuttingawaythick-

railsa, ndpaneltshatfit intogrooveins

theframeA. typicaflrontandsidesec- thickand2 inchews ide.Largesrtock nessat theedges.

tionisshownbelowat rightT. oprovide

accestso theinsideof thecabinet,he canalsobeusedto suitthedimensions Thereareseverawlaysof makinga

frontfrequentlhyasa framebutnopan-

e l .T h i so n ef e a t u r easm e d i arna i lw i t h of a particulaprroject. r a i s epda n e ld, e p e n d i nognt h ev i s u a l

openingfsora dooranda drawerT.he

twomissinagssembliweos uldbesimi- Thepaneltshatfit insidteheframes effecyt oudesireA. commonmethod,

l a rt o t h es i d ea s s e m bsl yh o w ne;a c hh a s

a frameanda panelI.nthiscaset,he canbemadeeitheor f plywooodredge- shownbeginninognpage36, involves

gluedboards(page24).Toensurethat bevelintgheedgeosfthepanewl itha

a panewl illfit snuglyinthegrooveosf tablesaworrouter.

therailsandstilesb, utstillhavea little Thestepsforgluingupindividual

roomto moveasthewoodexoandasnd frame-and-paanseslemibelsandcabi-

contractist ,ismadesubstantiathlliyn- netsareshownonpage39.

s i d e sw o u l ds h a r es t i l e sw i t ht h ef r o n t

a n db a c ka s s e m b l i easl l,o w i ntgh er a i l s AI{ATOMOYFA FRAME.AI{D.PACNAEBLIT{ET

to fit intoboththeedgeas ndfacesof

t h es t i l e s .

B o t t o masr et y p i c a l lay t t a c h etdo

theframebyledgesr tripsor let into Rail

groovecsut in theinsideedgeos f the Frovideahorizontal aup-

frameT. opscanbeattachewdithwood pori at top and bottom

buttontshatfit ingrooveisntheframe, of cabinet

orwithmetaflastenerlse,dgesrtripso, r Stile

pockeht oles.

T h et w om o s tc o m m ojno i n t su s e di n Vertical compo-

frame-and-pacnoenl structioanrethe nent of frami,e

m o r t i s e - a n d - t esnhoonw ni n t h e i l l u s t r a -

t i o na n dt h ec o p e - a n d - s t iTchke. m o r -

t i s e - a n d - t e nporno v i d easr e l a t i v el ay r g e

gluingaream, akinigt a verystronjgoint.

T w ov a r i a t i o nasr ee m p l o y eidn t h et y p i - Panel

Solid woodpiece

calcabinetB: lindmortise-and-tenons that fits into

joinmediarnailsandstilesw, hilethe qroove-typically

haunchevdersioins usedto fill the

g r o o veen d ,e l i m i n a t i nt hg en e e df o r %inch deep-in

s t o p p egdr o o v e Ts .h ec o p e - a n d - s ti sc k inoide edqeaof

notquiteasstrongb, utoffersanaddi- frame; aan beflat

tionadl ecorativtoeuchT. heroutebr it with edqeorabbet-

thatcutsthegroovefsorthepaneal lso ed or beveledon

carveas decorativmeoldingonthe four oifufn\"raige\"

centerofthe panel

insideedgeos ftheframeS. tep-by-step

t e c h n i q u ef os r p r o d u c i nt gh e s el o i n t s

areshowninthissectionth: emortise-

and-tenosntsartinognpage33 andthe

32

CABINETMAKING BASICS

M(lRTISE.AND.TEJON(IN)NTS

1 Cuttintghetenoncheekisntherails

I Forbothblindandhaunchetednonss,tartby

i n s t a l l i nagd a d oh e a do ny o u rt a b l es a wt h a ti s

slightlwy idetrhanthelengthofthetenons-often

3 \/ o i n cTh .h e na t t a c ha n a u x i l i a rfye n c ea n dr a i s et h e

bladetso cuta clearancneotchin it.Set hewidth

of cutequatlo thetenonlengthandthecutting

heightto one-thirtdhestockthtcknesFs.eedthe

workpiecfeace-downb,uttintgheendagainstht e

fenceandtheedgeagainstht emitergaugeT.urn

t h er a i lo v e ra n dr e o e atth ec u t o nt h eo t h e rs i d e

(left).TesthI etenonina scrappieceofwoodwith

a mortistehesamewidthasthoseto becutinthe

stiles(page34);adJustht eheighot f thedadohead

andrepeatthecuts,if necessarCyu. ttheremaining

t e n o nc h e e kbs e f o r ep r o c e e d i n g .

O Cuttintghetenonshoulders way.Forthehaunchetdenonsu, sethesamecuttingheight

Z m\" shouldefrosrbothblindandhaunchetednoncsanbe a n dc u to n es h o u l d earsf o rt h eb l i n dt e n o n st h, e np o s i t i o n

cutonthetablesawF. ortheblindtenonsl,eavethecutting thefenceto leavea haunchequailn widthto thedepthof

widthunchangeadndsettheheighot fthedadoheadto about thepanegl roovoentheothershouldeWr. iththestockon

Y,inch.Withtherailf lushagainstthefenceandthemiter edgeu, sethefenceandthemitergaugeto feedit intcthe

gaugefe, edtheworkpiecoenedgeintothebladesT.urnthe blades(insef)R. epeatot cutthehaunchontheotherend

railoverandrepeaot ntheothersideof thetenon(abovd.

o f t h eb o a r d .

C u tt h es h o u l d ear st t h eo p p o s i teen do f t h er a i lt h es a m e

33

CABINETMAKING BASICS

Routintghemortises

Clampallthestilestogethefar cetofacee, ndsaligneda,nd

useoneoftheblindtenoncsutinstep2 to outlinethemortises

onthestilesT. ocuteachmortises,ecuroenestilein a vise.

Instalal commercieadl geguideona plungeroutert,henscrew

a woodextensioonntotheguideF. ittheroutewr itha straight

b i t t h es a m ew i d t ha st h e m o r t i saen ds e tt h ec u t t i n gd e p t h .

C e n t et rh eb i to v e trh em o r t i soeu t l i n ea n db u t tt h ee x t e n s i o n

againstht estileG. rippintgheroutefrirmlyt,urnit onandplunge

thebit intothestock(right)M. ovethetoolfromoneendof the

mortiseto theother,makingasmanypasseassnecessatroy

complettehecutto therequireddepthR. epeatot rout heother

mortisetsh, ensquarteheendsofthecavitiews itha chisel.

Cuttintghegrooves

Ontherailsandstilesof eachframe.

markthelocatioonfthegrooveths atwill

holdthepanelL. eavtehestraighmt ortis-

ingbitintherouterm, ountthetoolin

a table,andadjustthecuttingdepthto

aboutYinzchC. entetrheedgeof a stile

o nt h e b i t a n db u t tt h ef e n c ea g a i n s t

thestockC. lampa featherboatrodthe

tableto holdtheworkpiecaegainstht e

f e n c ea n df e e dt h es t o c kw i t hb o t hh a n d s ,

makinsgureto prestshestileflushagainst

thefence(\/eff)C. ompletehepasswith

a pushstick.Tocutgrooveisn thestile

facesk, eepthefencein thesameposi-

t i o n ,b u tr e p o s i t i ot hnef e a t h e r b o aarsd

necessarNye. xty, oucancutandraise

t h e p a n e l s( p a g e3 6 ) .

34

CABINETMAKING BASICS

A COPE.AND.STCIACBKINET \\ 1 Cuttintghetongueisntherails

I Beginconstructinagcope-and-stick

Miter qauge

extension framebycuttingtongueisn theendsof all

t h e r a i l s .A f t e rt h a t ,r o u tg r o o v efso r t h e

i\/ - panelaslongtheinsideedgeos ftheframe

piecesth; egrooveins thestileswillaccom-

Rail \\\/\/' - .- modatetherailtongueast thesametime.

Tocutthetonguesin, stalal pilotedcoping

Copin4 bit-the railcutter-inyourroutear ndmount

thetoolin a tableS. etthecuttingdepthby

bit buttingtheendof a railagainstht ebitand

a d j u s t i ntgh er o u t e r 'dse p t hs e t t i n gs ot h a t

thetopof theuppermosctutterisslightly

a b o v teh ew o r k p i e cPe .o s i t i otnh ef e n c ep a r -

allelto themitergaugeslotandin linewith

theedgeof thebitpilot.Fitthemitergauge

w i t ha ne x t e n s i oann dl a yt h eo u t s i d fea c e

ofthestockflatonthetablek; eeptheends

o f t h ew o r k p i e caen de x t e n s i obnu t t e da g a i n s t

thefencethroughouetachcut (left).

r) Cuttintghegrooves Clamponeto theroutetrableopposittehebitandsecurethe

Z Replactehecopingbitwitha pilotedstickingbit-also otherontheinfeedsideof thefence(.lnthisillustratiotnh,e

knownasa stilecutterT. osetthecuttingdepthb, utttheend

of thecompleterdailagainstht ebit,andadjustthebituntil seconfdeatherboahradsbeenremovefdorclarity,M) akeeach

oneof itsgroove-cuttitnegethis levewl iththerailtongue cutwiththestockoutside-fadceownp, ressintgheworkpiece

(abovele, ft).Alignthefencewiththeedgeof thepilotbearing. againstthefence(abover,ight).Usea pushstickto complete

Usetwofeatherboartods ecurteheworkpiecdeuringthecut: thepassR. epeatht egroovceutonalltherailsandstiles.

35

CABINETMAKING BASICS

RAISINAGPANEWI ITHATABLSEAW

1 Cuttintgheendgrain

I Test-ftiht erailsandstilesandmea-

s u r et h eo p e n i n bg e t w e etnh e m .A d d

Y ,i n c ht o e a c hd i m e n s i o%n ;i n c ho f

eachpaneslidewillfit intothegrooves

intheframeT. hencutthepanetlo size

onthetablesawT. odetermintheeblade

angleforraisintghepaneld,rawa %-inch

s q u a r ae t t h eb o t t o mc o r n e rt ,h e nm a r k

a linefromthefrontfaceof thepanel

t h r o u gthh ei n s i d ec o r n eor f t h es q u a r e

to a pointonthebottomedge%inch

fromthebackface(inset)H. oldthepan-

el againsatnauxiliarwyoodfenceand

adjustthebladeangleuntilit alignws ith

themarkeldineA. djusttheheighot fthe

cuttingedgeuntitl heoutsidterpofone

t o o t he x t e n dbse y o ntdh ef a c eo f t h ep a n -

el,thenclampa guideblocktothework-

pieceto ridealongthetopofthefence.

F e e dt h ep a n eiln t ot h eb l a d ek,e e p i n g

it flushagainstht efencewhilepushinigt

forwarwd iththeguideblock(lef\\.f esI-

fit thecutendin a groovelf. lessthan

%inchofthepaneel ntertshegroovem,ove

thefencea littleclosetro thebladeand

makeanotheprassR. epeatht ecutatthe

otheer ndoftheoanel.

r) Cuttinwgiththegrain

1 Set hepaneol nedgeandfeedit

i n t ot h eb l a d et,h e nt u r nt h ep a n eol v e r

to cuttheremaininegdge(nghf)N. o

guideblockisneedefdorthesecutsb, ut

takecareto keepthebackflushagainst

thefenceC. uttinigntotheendgrarnofthe

p a n efli r s t - b e v e l i nt gh et o pa n db o t t o m

b e f o rteh es i d e s - h e l prse d u ctee a r o u t .

36

CABINETMAKING BASICS

AJIGFORCUTTINRGAISEPDANETS An4led Auxrliary

T h ej i gs h o w na t r i g h wt i l le n a b l e fence

youto raisea paneol nthetablesaw 12\"x 30\" fence

withouht avintgotiltthesawblade.

N 9\"x 30\"

Refetro theillustratiofonrsuggest-

LIP

e dd i m e n s i o n s .

Screwthelip alongthebottom 11\"x30\"

edgeof theangledfencem, aking

certainto positiotnhescrewws here

t h e yw i l ln o tb es t r u c kb yt h eb l a d e

whenthejigisusedL. eantheangled

fenceagainstht eauxiliarfey nceat

t h es a m ea n g l ea st h ec u t t i n gl t n e

markeodnthepane(lpage36l (Use

a slidingbevetlo transfethr eangle.)

Cuttriangulasur pportos fit between

t h et w of e n c e sa n df a s t e nt h e mi n

o l a c ew i t hs c r e w s .

Tnrrsetheiip setit onthesaw

t a b l ew i t ht h es e a mb e t w e etnh el i p

a n dt h ea n g l efde n c eo v etrh eb l a d e ;

checkto besurethescrewasrewell

clearof thetableopeningP.osition

t h e r i p f e n c ea g a i n st th ea u x i l i a r y

f e n c et,h e ns c r e wt h et w ot o g e t h e r .

T u r no nt h es a wa n dc r a n ku pt h e

bladeslowliyntothejigto cuta kerf

througthhelip.Turnoffthesaws, eat

thepaneiln thejigandadjustthe

bladeheighut ntitl heoutsidteipof

o n et o o t he x t e n dbse y o ntdh ef r o n t

faceoftheoanelM. akea testcuton

a scrapboardthesamethicknesass

t h eo a n e lt.h e nt e s t - f itth ec u te n d

in a grooveR.epositiothnebladeor

fencei,f necessaTryh.enp, lacethe

p a n eiln t h ej i g a n dm a k et h ec u t s ,

b e v e l i ntgh ee n dg r a i nf i r s t( \/ e f f ) .

37

CABINETMAKING BASICS

MAKINAGRAISEPDANEWL ITHAROUTER

1 Settinugptherouter

I Instaall panel-raisbinitginyour out-

erandmountthetoolina tableT. oensure

thatthecuttingdepthis uniformp,osi-

tionthefenceparalletol themitergauge

s l o ta n di n l i n ew i t ht h eb i tp i l o tW. i t h

t h er o u t etru r n e do f f ,a d j u stth ef e n c eb y

placinag scrapboardalongthefenceand

a c r o stsh eb i t .T h eb i t p i l o ts h o u l dt u r na s

theboardtouchesit (right)S. tartwith

a %-inch-deceuptsothatyouwillreach

y o u rf i n a ld e p t hi n t w oo r m o r ep a s s e s .

r) Raisintghepanel

L Lowetrheguardovetrhebitandturn

ontherouterT. ominimizteearouct,ut

theendgrainof thepaneflirst.Work

careuflly;a panel-raisibnigt isoneof

themoredangerourosutebr itsbecause

of thelargeamounot f stockthatit re-

movews itheachpassK. eepthepanel

f l a to nt h et a b l eo u t s i d e - f adcoew na n d

flushagainstht efenceasyoufeedit

acrostshebiI (left).Repeatthecutat the

otheer ndandalongbothsidesT. urnoff

theroutear ndtest-ift oneendina frame

g r o o v el f.t h ep a n elli e sl e s st h a n%i n c h

deepinthegroovein, creastehecutting

depthslightlay ndmakeanotheprass

a l la r o u n dC. o n t i n ui net h i sm a n n eurn t i l

t h ep a n efli t s p r o p e r l y .

38

CABINETMAKINGBASICS

ASSEMBLINAGFRAME.AND-PANCEALBINET

Notched

woodblack

1 Gluinugpa singlaessembly b a rc l a m p sa,l i g n i ntgh eb a r sw i t ht h er a i l sT, ok e e pt h e

I Test-assembthleeframe-and-pan(aebl ovele, ft).ll a

l o i n ti st o ot i g h td, i s a s s e m bt hl ep i e c easn du s ea c h i s e l c l a m pfsr o mf a l l i n go v e rp, r o pt h e mu p i n n o t c h ebdl o c k s .

to pareawaysomewoodO. nceyouaresatisfiewdiththefit, U s r ncgl a m p i nbgl o c ktso p r o t e ct ht es t o c kt,i g h t eena c h

c l a m pi nt u r nu n t i al t h i nb e a do f g l u es q u e e z oe us to ft h e

s a n da n ys u r f a c et hsa tw i l lb ed i f f i c u ltto r e a c hw h e nt h e

f r a m eh a sb e e ng l u e du p ,a n ds p r e agdl u eo na l lt h ec o n t a c t - loinIs(abover,ight)C. heckthatthecornerasreat 90oas

y o ug o .O n c et h ea d h e s i vhea sd r i e dr,e m o vaen yd r i e dg l u e

i n gs u r f a c eosf t h el o i n t sD. on o ta p p l ya n ya d h e s i vi net h e r e m a i n i nognt h ew o o dw i t ha p a i nst c r a p ear ,n ds a n dt h e

panegl roovetsh;epaneml ustbefreeto movewithinthe

frameR. eassembthleeframeandsetit facedownontwo outsidseurfaces.

r) Gluinugpthecabinet

Z- Testi-tfthecabineat,djusat nyill-ift-

tingjointsa, ndsandtheinsidesurfaceosf

a l lt h ep i e c e sA.p p lgy l u et ot h ej o i n t s -

exceptht egroovethsatholdthepanels-

andassembtlheecabineTt.henw, iththe

cabineutprightin, stalflourbarclamps

runninfgromfronto backovetrherails,

usingwoodpadsto protectthestock.

Tightetnheclampes venly(\/eft)until

a thinbeadof gluesqueezeosutof the

jointsC. hectkhatthecabinettssquare

b ym e a s u r i nt hged i s t a n cbee t w e e n

diagoncaol rnertsh;etwomeasurements

shoulbdethesamel.f not,instaallnextra

barclampacrostshelongeorf thetwo

d i a g o n a sl se, t t i ntgh ec l a m p. 1 a wosnt h o s e

alreadiyn placeT. ightetnheclampuntil

t h ed i a g o n aal rsee q u a lO. n c et h eg l u e

h a sc u r e dr,e m o vt eh ec l a m pasn ds c r a p e

a w a va n vd r i e da d h e s i v e .

39

BOOKCASE,

hetheirtis asimpleplywood sizeandweightof theitemsit is

structureoracustom-made intendedto hold.Shelvefso,rexam-

wallunit craftedfromfinehard- ple,mustbelongenoughto dotheir

wood,abookcasseervetswofunc- job,but not solongthattheywill

tions at once:It is an efficient sagin use.Shelvecsanbefixedin

storagesystema, ccommodating placeor adjustablEe.achhasitsown

booksandotheritemsthataccu- advantageAsd. justableshelving

mulatein mosthomesa, ndafine Qagea5)permitsa moreflexible

organizatioonfabookcasein'steri-

pieceof furniturein itsownright,

or spaceb,ut fixedshelve(spage50)

ashandsomaesthefreestanding

lendabookcassetructurarligidity.

unitatleft.

Youhaveconsiderabclehoiceof

Thebasicbookcasilelustrateodn

page42canbeadaptetdo storejust buildingmaterialsjo,inerymeth-

aboutanythingf,romboundvol- A lengthof moldingisshapedon a routertable. ods, and ornamentationwhen

umesto chinac, rystatl,oysr,ecords, Fixedto thebaseor thetopofthe carcase, buildingabookcasTe.hechapter

compacdt iscsa, ndvideocassettes. moldingprovidesa classictouchto a bookcase. thatfollowsdetailstheconstruction

of abasicunit.Youmaywishto add

Withtheadditionof somespecial-

izedhardware(page44),asimplebookcasceanbetransformed afaceframeto strenghenthepieceandsoftenitslines(page

into ahomeenteitainmenctentetro houseatelevisionand 54).Moldedbaseasndfeet(page56)canallowabookcasteo

VCR,stereocomponenatsndcomputegrearT. hisutilitarian harmonizwe ithotherpieceosf furniturethatwill surround

versatilitymakesthebookcasoeneof thewoodshopm'sost it. Seepage59for asimplemethodof stringingaserieosf

bookcasetosgetheirntoawallunit.

popularprojects.

Althoughtheappearanocfeabookcasmeayvaryfromone Byputtingyourimaginations,kill,andpatiencteo work,

unitto anothert,heprincipleosf itsdesignremainconstant. youwillbeableto reaptherewardosfbuildingafinepieceof

Everybookcamseuststrikeabalancbeetweeintssizeandthe usefuflurniture.

Becausbeookscomein manyshapeasndsizesb, ookcasewsith

adjustableshelversetaintheirJlexibilitylongaftertheyarebuilt.

With all but oneof itsshelvems ovablet,hebookcasaet leftcan

accommodattehechangingdemandsof a growingcollection.

4l

ANATOMYOFA BOOKCASE

|-\\ espiterefinementssuchascrown Foot

Iul andb. asemolding,a faceframe

andturnedfeet,thebookcasaet right Qaoe

is basicallya carcasewith shelves.

Theprocedurefor buildinga carcase

canbefoundbeginningonpage24.

Mostof theotherdetailsof thebook-

casef,rom theshelvetso thefeet,are

discusseidn this chapterT. hecrown

moldingissimilarto thetypeinstalled

onthearmoireonpage66.

Designabookcasteo suittheitems

it will store.Standardbookshelvefso,r

examplea,reatleas8t inchesdeepand9

inchesapart;allowanadditiona3l or 4

inchesof depthandheightfor oversize

bools.Recordalbumsneed13inchesin

bothdepthandheightT. elevisionvsid, eo

recordersa,ndstereoequipmenmt ay

requireapto24inchesof depth.

After youhavesettledon dimen-

sions,decidewhichtypeof shelving

bestsuitsyourneedsT. hebookcasi

on thispagefeaturetshreeadjustable,

or floating,shelveasndonefixedshelf.

Althoughthe fixedshelfcannotbe

movedonceinstalledit,helpstosnength-

enthepieceandislesslikelytosagthan

adjustablsehelvesT.heloadtheshelves

will haveto bearshouldbeconsidered

whenchoosingmaterials(page43).The

thickerthe lumber,the strongerthe

shelfW. hilel-by-10pineor fir iseco-

nomical,%hardwoodwill support

greatelroads.

Alsoremembetrhatashelfweakens

asit increaseins length.Shelvetshatare

too,longarenotlikelytobrealgbutthey

will almostalwaysag.Ifyou areplan-

ningabookcasweiderthan36inches,

consideirnsallingcleatsunderthemid-

dleoftheshelveastthebackor averti-

calpartitionbetweetnhem.

BOOKCASE

COMMOSNHETMF ATERIATS

u\/oHardwood Temperedhardboard

LJsedfor heavier Conipooite,Ii7htwei7htshelf for

loadoand ahelf medium-to-heavyloadaand shelf

epaneup to epaneup to 36 inchea;features

4B inchba two layereof tempered hard-

boardoandwichinqPieceeof 2-

by-2 etock. Front edgecan be

roundedfor decorative eFfeot

ReinforcedoAhardwood %'inchplywood

FormeAiumloadsand ahelf

L)aedfor liqht-to-medium ePaneuPto 32 inchee;up to

loade.gpan for ahelveerein- 42 incheo,if reinforcedwith

forced with 1-by-2lipe can lipa.For enhancedaPPear-

be up to 42 inches:without ance,front edqeahouldbe

reinforcement,epan ahould concealedwith bandin4

not exceed32 iiches

AD'USTABSIHEETSFUPPORTS ?laetic

aupport

Hidden adjuat'able euPPott

Woodatripe with dowelathat fit in holea

drilled in eide panele;etripe are concealed

in blind rabbets routed in the

undersideof the ahelf

Dowel

Adjuatable auppotte

Flacedin drilled holeain aideaof bookcaEe;

holedepth ia one-halfthe lenqthof aupport

ffi--WW r-_ri F-'s-$wr-1

Pa))tc-an)- L*,*t.il-:j

e,eeve6uPPot-, W

Threaded \\fl,JS,

euppot+ Twop- iecemetal-platedauPPort; sleevea

are ineerfedinto holeadrilledin eidepan-

Two-pieceadjuetable

eleand paddleeare elippedinto aleeves

eupport;threaded part

at eachahelflocation

is inaerted into holea

drilledin eidepaneloand to holdehelvinq

6UPpOrt6are qcrewed rnPEce

in to holdupohelf

Z (-.\".*

ffi_'

ffi Standards and alipa

Trackehelvin4eyetem that featurea slotted verDi-

cal etripo Lhat 6it in grooveerouted in eidepanel;

clipalockinto alote at ahelflocatione

43

BOOKCASEACCESSORIES

ff ooksarenot theonlyitemscom- VCR,wireclipsandcord-holeplugscan on aslidingshelfor thebookcasteopfor

I) monlystoredin a bookcaseW. ith

thecommerciaalccessorisehsownbelow, tamethetangleof wiresandconnectors a televisiosnet,

you caneasilyorganizerecordalbums,

compacdt iscsa, udiotapesa, ndvideo- thataccompantyhem. Youcanevenilluminatetheinsideof

cassetteIsf.you intendyour bookcase

to housea stereosystemt,elevisionor Specialtiytemslikerunnerslet you your bookcasewith a cabinetlight or

slideshelveisn andout of thecarcase, hideandprotect hecontentsbehind

providingeasyaccestso thecontents, tintedglassor acrylicdoorsheldclosed

whileswiveal ttachmentcsanbeinstalled by magneticlatches.

A SAMPLIN(G)FSHETHF ARDWARE

Glaaadoor hinge Cabinei light

)wivelinqhingea

uaedfor glaoadooro Uauallymounted out of

up to %inchthick; aight inaidecarcaoe;moaet

ocrewapreee eafety ehownia uaedto dieplavchi-

plate aqainetqlaoe na and qlaeewareaia iea-

to hold it in place. Lureea 25-watt bulb

Wire clip f#*,ffi

9 elf-adheatveclipemount-

ed inaide bookcaaeto hold fite eniqly-in holein book-

wireaout of eiqht caaeback;holdeand feede

wireoout of carcaae

Compact diac holder

Conaiateof two tracks

with adheaivebackingfor

mountingto carcaee;

modelahowncan hold up

to 24 diace.)imilar hold-

era for videocasaetteaand

audiotapea are available

Magnetic door Iatch -and-plate

Uaedwith acrylic or 4laaad'oora

upto %ainch thick. Latch plate

attachea to doorand maqnetic

latch ia mountedineidebook-

case:latch holdoplate ma4neti-

cally,keepinqdoor cloeed

ADJUSTABLSEHELVING

I lthoughadjustabslehelvedsonot holesO. theroptionsincludeadjustable

.{1. contributeto the strengthof a shelfstandardws,hicharemountedin

bookcaseth,eydogiveit greatefrlexi- grooveisn thesidepanelso,rshop-made

biliry allowingyouto adapto changing cornesr trips(pagae8).Thesearedadoed

needsandorganizespacemosteffi- andattachetdo theinteriorcornersof

cientlyI.t isunwiseto makeabookcase thebookcasteo holduptheshelving.

withoutprovidingatleasot nefixedshelf

for structurarligidity.

Adjustableshelveasrecommonly

heldinplacewithwoodp, lastico,rmet-

al shelfsupport(spage43)thatfit in Madeofsolidbrasst,hesetwo-piecsehelf

holesdrilledin thecarcasseidesT. he supportsaddan elegantouchtoa book-

trickisto makecertainthattherowsof caseT. hesupportscanbescrewedinto

holesareperfectlaylignedU. sea com- anyof thethreadedsleeveaslongthe

merciasl helf-drillingjig (belowo)r a sidepanelsp, ermittingtheshelvetso be

shop-madjeig (page46)to borethe mountedat anyheightin thebookcase.

THREADSEHDELSFUPPORTS

1 Drillinhgolefsorthesleeves asthesleeveasndinstalal stopcollatro markthedrillingdepth

I Thismountinsgystemrequiretswoparallerlowsof holesto

bedrilledinthesidepanelosfthebookcasTeh. ecommercjiiagl equatlothesleevleengthS. tartinagt ettheer ndof oneofthe

shownabovaellowysouto boreholesat 1-inchintervaalsnd jig'srailsp, lacetheappropriabtueshinignthefirstholeofthe

ensuretshatcorrespondihnogleswill beperfectlaylignedS. et bushincgarrier(.Thebushinkgeeptshebitperfectlsyquarteo

thesidepanelisnside-faceo-unpa worksurfacaendclampthe theworkpieceH.o) ldintghedrillandcarrierb,oretheholeB. ore

jigtotheedgeosfonepanelt;heholescanbeanydistancferom a serieosfevenlsypacehdolesalongbothrailsR. emovtehejig

thepaneel dgesb,utabou2t inchesin wouldbebestforthe andrepeaftortheothesr idepanelc, arefullpyositioninthgejig

panelsshownF.ityourelectridcrillwitha bitthesamediameter sothattheholews illbealignewd iththoseinthefirstpanel.

45

BOOKCASE

r) Mountinthgesleeveasndsupports

l to instaltlhreadesdleevewsithout ilufiIl]lllilltfiltjlillltfillllilIfjiltlllltllllll1tltllllilt1

d a m a g i nt hge m ,u s ea s l e e v e - s e t t i n g

punchP. lacae sleevoentheendofthe

punchandpushit firmlyintooneofthe 1 H O ?T I ?

holesin a sidepane(l aboveI)n. serat

sleevientoeachholeyoudrilledO. nce A shop-made

youhaveinstalleadllthesleevessc, rew ahelt drillingjig

T h e I - e h a p ejdi q

shelsf upportisntothesleeveast each

s h e l fl o c a t i o (ni n s e i l . e h o w nh e r ew i l la l l o w

youto borea rowof even-

ly epacedholeeas accu-

ral,elyas a commerciajilg.

Makethe jig from 1-by-Zebock,

beinqcareful o ecrewlhe fence

and arm Noqelhear Na pertecN90\"

angleM. arka linedownLhecenlerot

N h ea r m a n d b o r eh o l e ea t r2 - i n c hi n l e r -

valoalonqit,wiLhlhe eamebil youwould \/,-

usetor threadedsleeveeT.ouselhe jiq,

cl aammQpfi ti Tt o. oa etiadeep aanneelwl tiltnhlthn e rf ec nnccee )

b u | I e d a q a i n e Ne i l h e r e n d o f t h e p a n e la n d

the markedcenNerlin2eincheeinfrom ito edge.

FiNyourdrill bit wiLha stop collar,boreNheholee,

and repoeiLiotnhe ji7 for eachnewrow.

46

HIDDENSHELFSUPPORTS BOOKCASE

1 Makinagndinstalling

I theshelsf upports

Usea jigto boreholesfortheshelfsup-

porls(page45). lfaketwosupportsper

shelfE. achoneisa thinwoodstripabout

1 inchlongetrhanthegapbetweetnhe

rowsof holesm; akethestripwideenough

to holda doweal teachend.(%-incdhow-

e l sa r el a r g ee n o u gfho ra v e r a gleo a d s . )

T o h e l py o up o s i t i otnh ed o w e losnt h e

supportisn,serat doweclenteirntoeach

of twoparallehlolesandpressthestrip

againstht epointsU. setheindentations

f r o mt h ec e n t e ras ss t a r t i n gp o i n t sf o r

drillintgheholesM. aketheholesinthe

s h e l fs u p p o r ttsh es a m ed e p t ha st h e

h o l e isnt h es i d ep a n e l sG.l u ed o w e lisn t o

t h es h e l fs u p p o r tasn d ,o n c et h ea d h e -

s i v eh a sd r i e di,n s t atl lh e mo nt h es i d e

panelast theheightthatyouwant he

shelfto resl(left).

r) Preparinagndinstallinthgeshelves

I to conceatlheshelfsupportsc,ut

blindrabbetisneachshelfM. arkoutthe

r a b b e tbsy p o s i t i o n i nt hges h e l fo nt h e

s u p p o rat sn do u t l i n i ntgh e i rl o c a t i o nosn

theundersidoef theshelfC. uttherab-

betsusinga routefrittedwitha rabbeting

bitandsquarteheendswitha chiseal nd

a woodemn alletT. herabbetsshouldbe

asdeepasthethicknesosftheshelsf up-

portsO. ncealltherabbethsavebeencut,

test-fitheshelfin thebookcas(eright).

Usea chisetlo adjusttherabbetsif, nec-

essaryto, ensurae perfecftit thatcom-

pletelhy idesthesupports.

47

STANDARADNSDCTIPS BOOKCASE I n s t a l l i nt hges t a n d a r d s

48

CIip Metasltandaradns dclipsareamontghe

^A v s i m p l e satc c e s s o rtioe isn s t a fl lo rm o u n t -

ingadjustabslehelveisn a bookcasTew. o

C O R N ESRT R I P S

s l o t t e ds t a n d a r dosr,t r a c k sa, r ef a s t e n e d

1 Makintghecornesrtrips t o t h ei n s i d fea c e so f t h es i d ep a n e lasn d

I Dadoecdornesrtriosinstalleidneach

insidecornearllowbookcassehelvetso be s h e l f - s u p pcolri tp sa r ei n s e r t eidn t h es l o t s

a d j u s t e dY.o uc a nm a k ef o u rs t r i p sf r o m atthedesirehdeightR. athethr annotch-

a s i n g l e4 - i n c h - w i db eo a r dt h a ti s l o n g

enougtho extendfromtopto bottomofthe ingtheshelvetso accommodathteestan-

interioIrn. staalldadoheadonyoutrable d a r d sr,e c e stsh et r a c k si n g r o o v ecsu t i n

s a wa n ds e tt h ew i d t he o u atlo t h et h i c k - thesidepanelsIn. staall dadobladeon

nessof theshelfsupportysouplanto y o u rt a b l es a wa n dc u tt w op a r a l l eglr o o v e s

u s e .D e t e r m i nt heed e s i r esdp a c i nogf t h e ineachpanelT. hegroovesshouldbeas

n o t c h easn dc u tt w od a d o etsh a td i s t a n c e w i d ea n da sd e e pa st h es t a n d a r dfso;rt h e

apartin a mitergauge xtensiobnoard. widthof panesl hownp,ositiotnhegrooves

L i n eu pt h el e f t - h a ndda d ow i t ht h eb l a d e

andscrewtheextensioton yourgauge. abou2t incheisnfromeachedgeW. iththe

0nedadoshouldbeoffseto theright; panelisnside-face-ounpa worksurface,

cuta 2-inchpieceofshelsf upporsttock setthestandardins thegrooveasndfix

andpresist iniothatdadow, hereit will themin placed,rivinsgcrewtshrougthhe

s e r v ea sa n i n d e x i nkge y .B u t to n ee n do f predrillehdolesinthetracks(left).AtIach

t h ew o r k p i e caeg a i n st ht ek e ya n dc u t

yourfirstdadoC. uttheseconadndsubse- c l i p st o t h es t a n d a r ad tse a c hs h e llfo c a t i o n .

quendt adoebsymovintghepiecetothe

r i g h ta n df i t t i n gt h el a s td a d oo v e trh ek e y

(right)W. henthedadoeasreallcut,rip

t h eb o a r di n t of o u r1 - i n c hc o r n esrt r i o s .