VK16K33 LED Driver IC RAM Mapping 16*8 LED Controller Driver with keyscan General Description The VK16K33 is a memory mapping and multi-function LED controller driver. The max. Display segment numbers in the device is 128 patterns (16 segments and 8 commons) with a 13*3 (MAX.) matrix key scan circuit. The software configuration features of the VK16K33 makes it suitable for multiple LED applications including LED modules and display subsystems. The VK16K33 is compatible with most microcontrollers and communicates via a two-line bidirectional I2C -bus. Features z Operating voltage: 4.5V~5.5V z Integrated RC oscillator z I2C-bus interface z 16*8 bits RAM for display data storage z Max. 16 x 8 patterns, 16 segments and 8 commons z R/W address auto increment z Max. 13 x 3 matrix key scanning z 16-step dimming circuit z Selection of 20/24/28-pin SOP package types Application z Industrial control indicators z Digital clocks, thermometers, counters, multimeters z Combo sets z VCR sets z Instrumentation readouts z Other consumer applications z LED Displays 1/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC Pin Configuration 2/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC Pin Function Name Description I/O I2C interface Serial Data Input/Output. Symbol I I2C interface Serial Clock Input. SDA - Positive power supply for logic circuit. SCL - Negative power supply for logic circuit, ground. VDD Common output pin, active low during display. VSS O Also used as device address source output pin, active high during power on reset and key scan. COM0/AD O COM1/KS0~COM3/KS2 Common output pin, active low when displaying. O Also used as the Key source output pin, active high during a key scan COM4~COM7 operation. ROW0/A2~ROW2/A0 Common outputs pin, active low during display. ROW3/K1~ROW14/K12 28 Pin package ROW15/K13/INT ROW output pin, active high when displaying. I/O Also used as the device address data input pin, internal pull-low during ROW0/A1~ROW1/A0 power on reset and during key scan operation. ROW2/K1~ROW10/K9 ROW outputs pin, active high during display. ROW11/K10/INT I/O Also used as the Key data input pin, internal pull-low during a key scan operation. When the “INT/ROW” bit of ROW/INT set register is set to “0”,this pin become a Row driver output pin, active high when displaying, and Key data input during a key scan operation. When the “INT/ROW” bit of ROW/INT set register is set to “1”, this pin I/O become Interrupt signal (INT) output pin. INT pin output active-low when the “act” bit of the Row/int setup register is set to “0”. INT pin output active-high when the “act” bit of the Row/int setup register is set to “1”. 24 Pin package ROW output pin, active high when displaying. I/O Also used as the device address data input pin, internal pull-low during a power on reset and during a key scan operation. ROW outputs pin, active high when displaying. I/O Also used as the Key data inputs pin, internal pull-low during a key scan operation. When the “INT/ROW” bit of ROW/INT set register is set to “0”,this pin I/O become a Row driver output, active high when displaying, and Key data input during a key scan operation. When the “INT/ROW” bit of ROW/INT set register is set to “1”,this pin 3/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

ROW0/K1~ROW6/K7 VK16K33 LED Driver IC ROW7/K8 /INT become an Interrupt signal (INT) output pin. INT pin output active-low when the “act” bit of the Row/int setup register is set to “0”. INT pin output active-high when the “act” bit of the Row/int setup register is set to “1”. 20 Pin package ROW output pin, active high when displaying. I/O Also used as the Key data inputs pin, internal pull-low during a key scan operation. When the “INT/ROW” bit of the ROW/INT setup register is set to “0”,this pin become a Row driver output, active high when displaying, and Key data input during a key scan operation. When the “INT/ROW” bit of the ROW/INT set register is set to “1”,this I/O pin become an Interrupt (INT) signal output pin. INT pin output active-low when the “act” bit of Row/int setup register is set to “0”. INT pin output active-high when the “act” bit of the Row/int setup register is set to “1”. Approximate Internal Connections 4/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC Block Diagram Functional Description Power-on Reset When power is applied, the IC is initialised by an internal power-on reset circuit. The status of the internal circuit after initialisation is as follows: z System Oscillator will be in an off state . z COM0~COM3 outputs are set to VDD . z COM4~COM7 outputs will be high impedance . z All Rows pins are changed input pins . z LED Display is in the off state. . z Key scan stopped . z The combined Row/INT pins are setup as ROW outputs . z Dimming is set to 16/16duty . Data transfers on the I2C-bus should be avoided for 1 ms following a power-on to allow completion of the reset action. 5/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC Standby Mode In the standby mode, the VK16K33 can not accept input commands nor write data to the display RAM except using the system setup command. If the standby mode is selected with the “S” bit of the system setup register set to “0”, the status of the standby model is as follows: z System Oscillator will be in the off state . z COM0~COM3 outputs are set to VDD . z COM4~COM7 outputs will be high impedance . z LED Display is in the off state. z Key scan stopped . z All key data and INT flags are cleared until the standby mode is canceled. z If the key matrix is activated (any key) or the “S” bit of the system setup register is set to “1”, the standby mode will be canceled and will cause the device to wake-up. z If the “INT/ROW” bit of the ROW/INT setup register is set to “0”, all rows pins are changed to input pins. z If the “INT/ROW” bit of the ROW/INT setup register is set to “1”: all rows pins are changed to input pins except for the INT pin (output). z The INT pin output will remain at a high level when the “act” bit of the ROW/INT setup register is set to “0”. z The INT pin output remains at a low level when the “act” bit of the ROW/INT setup register is set to “1”. Wake-up z Wake-up by a key press from any key or by setting the “S” bit of the system setup register to “1”. A key scan will then be performed. z The System Oscillator restarts for normal operation. z The previous display data output will be updated by Each Mode command set. z The relationship between the Wake-up and any key press is shown as follows: 6/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC System Setup Register The system setup register configures system operation or standby for the VK16K33 z The internal system oscillator is enabled when the ‘S’ bit of the system setup register is set to “1”. z The internal system clock is disabled and the device will enter the standby mode when the “S” bit of the system setup register is set to “0”. z Before the standby mode command is sent, it is strongly recommended to read the key data first. z The system setup register command is shown as follows: Command / Address / Data Name Option Description Def. D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 Defines internal system oscillator on/off System {S} ●{0}:Turn off System oscillator set 0 0 1 0 X X X S Write (standby mode) 20H only ●{1}:Turn on System oscillator (normal operation mode) 7/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC ROW/INT Set Register The ROW/INT setup register can be set to either an LED Row output, or an INT logic output. z The INT output is selected when the ROW/INT set register is set to “1”. z The ROW output is selected when the ROW/INT set register is set to “0”. z The INT logic output can be configured as an INT output level controlled by the keys can circuitry and controlled through the 2-wire interface. z The INT output is active-low when the ‘act’ bit of ROW/INT set register is set to “0”. z The INT output is active-high when the ‘act’ bit of ROW/INT set t register is set to “1”. z The ROW/INT setup register command is shown as follows: Command / Address / Data Name Option Description Def. D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 ●Defines INT/ROW output pin select and INT pin output active level status. {act,row ●{X 0}: INT/ROW output pin is set to row/int 1 0 1 0 X X act row/ /int } ROW driver output. A0H set int Write ●{0,1}: INT/ROW output pin is set to only INT output,active low. ●{1,1}: INT/ROW output pin is set to INT output,active high. Display Setup Register The display setup register configures the LED display on/off and the blinking frequency for the VK16K33. z The LED display is enabled when the ‘D’ bit of the display setup register is set to “1”. z The LED display is disabled when the ‘D’ bit of the display setup register is set to “0”. z In the display disable status, all ROW outputs are hi-impedance and all COM outputs are high-impedance during the display period. z In the display disable status, all ROWs are changed to an input status and the COM0~COM3 continues scanning and COM4~COM7 outputs are high-impedance during the keys can period. z The display blinking capabilities of the VK16K33 are very versatile. The whole display can be blinked at frequencies selected by the Blink command. The blinking frequencies are integer multiples of the system frequency; the ratios between the system oscillator and the blinking frequencies depend upon the mode in which the device is operating, is as follows: z Blinking frequency = 2Hz 8/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC Example of Waveform for Blinker z The display setup register command is as follows: Name Command / Address / Data Option Description Def. D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 80H D8 {D} Defines Display on/off status. Write only ●{0}: Display off Display ●{1}: Display on 1 0 0 0 X B1 B0 D {B1,B0} Write only Defines the blinking frequency set ●{0,0}=Blinking OFF ●{0,1}=2HZ ●{1,0}=1HZ ●{1,1}=0.5HZ System Oscillator z The internal logic and the LED drive signals of the VK16K33 are timed by the integrated RC oscillator. z The System Clock frequency determines the LED frame frequency. A clock signal must always be supplied to the device; removing the clock may freeze the device if the standby mode command is executed. At initial system power on, the System Oscillator is in the stop state. Display Data Address Pointer The addressing mechanism for the display RAM is implemented using the address pointer. This allows the loading of an individual display data byte, or a series of display data bytes, into any location of the display RAM. The sequence commences with the initialisation of the address pointer by the address pointer command. Key Data Address Pointer The addressing mechanism for the key data RAM is implemented using the address pointer. This allows the loading of an individual key data byte, or a series of key data bytes, into any location of the key data RAM. The sequence commences with the initialisation of the address pointer by the Address pointer command. Register Information Address Pointer The addressing mechanism for the register data and Interrupt flag information RAM is implemented using the address pointer. This allows the loading of an individual register data and Interrupt flag data byte, or a series of register data and Interrupt flag data bytes, into any location of the register data and Interrupt flag information RAM. The sequence commences with the initialisation of the address pointer by the Address pointer command. Row Driver Outputs The LED drive section includes 16 ROW outputs ROW0 to ROW15 which should be connected directly to the LED panel. The Row output signals are generated in accordance with the multiplexed column signals and with the data resident in the display latch. When less than 15 ROW outputs are required the unused Row outputs should be left open-circuit. 9/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC Column Driver Outputs The LED drive section includes eight column outputs COM0 to COM7 which should be connected directly to the LED panel. The column output signals are generated in accordance with the selected LED drive mode. When less than 8 column outputs are required the unused column outputs should be left open-circuit. Display Memory – RAM Structure z The display RAM is a static 16 x 8 -bits RAM which stores the LED data. Logic “1” in the RAM bit-map indicates the “on” state of the corresponding LED Row; similarly, a logic 0 indicates the “off” state. z There is a one-to-one correspondence between the RAM addresses and the Row outputs, and between the individual bits of a RAM word and the column outputs. The following shows the mapping from the RAM to the LED pattern: COM0 ROW0 ROW7 ROW8 ROW15 COM0 00H 01H COM1 02H 03H COM2 04H 05H COM3 06H 07H COM4 08H 09H COM5 0AH 0BH COM6 0CH 0DH COM7 0EH 0FH z I2C bus display data transfer format Data byte of I2C D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ROW 765432 1 0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 LED drive mode waveforms and scanning is as follows: z The VK16K33 allows use of 1/9 duty mode and the combined ROW/INT pin is set to a ROW driver output as shown: 10/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC z Key scan period enlargement Note: The ROW/IN combined pin is set to a Row driver output. Digital Dimming Data Input The Display Dimming capabilities of the VK16K33 are very versatile. The whole display can be dimmed using pulse width modulation techniques for the ROW driver by the Dimming command, as shown: D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 ROW driver output pulse Def. 1 1 1 0 P3 P2 P1 P0 width 11100000 1/16 duty — 11100001 2/16 duty — 11100010 3/16 duty — 11100011 4/16 duty — 11100100 5/16 duty — 11100101 6/16 duty — 11100110 7/16 duty — 11100111 8/16 duty — 11101000 9/16 duty — 11101001 10/16 duty — 11101010 11/16 duty — 11101011 12/16 duty — 11101100 13/16 duty — 11101101 14/16 duty — 11101110 15/16 duty — 11101111 16/16 duty Y 11/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC z The relationship between ROW and COM Digital Dimming duty time is as follows: 12/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC Keyscan z The keyscan logic uses one, two or three of the KS0, KS1and KS2 logic outputs. An interrupt output that flags a key press is optional. The INT flag can be read (polled) through the serial interface, allowing INT/ROW15 to be used as a general purpose logic output or as a ROW open-drain driver. z One small-signal diode is required per key switch when more than one key is connected to KS0, KS1 or KS2. The diodes prevent two simultaneous key switch depressions from shorting the COM drivers together. For example, if SW1 and SW14 were pressed together and the diodes were not fitted, COM1/KS0 and COM2/KS1 would be shorted together and the LED multiplexing would be incorrect. z The keyscanning circuit utilises the COM1/KS0 to COM3/KS2 outputs high as the keyscan output drivers. The outputs COM0 to COM7 pulse low sequentially as the displays are multiplexed. The actual low time varies from 64μs to 1024μs due to pulse width modulation from 1/16th to 16/16th for dimming control. The LED drive mode waveforms and scanning shows the typical situation when all eight LED cathode drivers are used. z The maximum of thirty-nine keys can only be scanned if the scan-limit register is set to scan the maximum KS0 to KS2. z The keyscan cycle loops continuously over time, with all thirty-nine keys experiencing a full keyscanning debounce over 20ms. A key press is debounced and an interrupt issued if at least one key that was not pressed in a previous cycle is found to be pressed during both sampling periods. z The keyscan circuit detects any combination of keys pressed during each debounce cycle (n-key rollover). z The INT output is active-low when the “act” bit of row/int set register is set to “0”. z The INT output is active-high when the “act” bit of row/int set register is set to “1”. 13/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC Keyscan Timing The Slave addresses are updated on the keyscan timing as shown: Keyscan \& INT Timing z The key data is updated and the INT function is changed for keys that have been pressed after 2 key-cycles. z The INT function is changed when the first key has been pressed. z When after all the key data has been read that clears the key data RAM and the int flag bit is set to “0”, the INT pin goes to low when the “act” bit of the row/int set register is set to “1”. z When after all the key data has been read that clears the key data RAM and the int flag bit is set to “0”, the INT pin goes to high when the “act” bit of the row/int setup register is set to “0”. z The INT flag register is shown below. z I2C bus display data transfer format INT flag register D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 (address point at INT flag INT flag INT flag INT flag INT flag INT flag INT flag INT flag 60H) z The relationship between keyscan signal to the INT signal time is shown below: 1. When a key is pressed on the KS0 row 14/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC 2. When a key is pressed on the KS1 row 3. When a key is pressed on the KS2 row z Key pressed during a keyscan cycle period. (i.e. the key is pressed on the KS2 row) 15/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC z Key pressed during an LED display period. (i.e. the key is pressed on the KS2 row) Key Data Memory – RAM Structure z The RAM is a static 16 x 3 -bits RAM which stores key data which keys have been detected as key data by the key scanning circuit. Each bit in the register corresponds to one key switch. The bit is set to 1 if the switch has been correctly key data since the last key data register read operation. z Reading the key data RAM clears the key data RAM after the key data has been read, so that future key presses can be identified. If the key data RAM is not read, the key scan data accumulates. There is no FIFO register in the VK16K33. Key-press order, or whether a key has been pressed more than once, cannot be determined unless the all key data RAM is read after each interrupt and before completion of the next keyscan cycle. z After the all key data RAM has been read, the INT pin output is cleared along with the INT flag status. If a key is pressed and held down, the key is reported as key data (and an INT is issued) only once. The key must be detected as released by the keyscanning circuit before it is key data again. z The key data RAM is read only. A write to address 0x40~0x45 is ignored. z It is strongly recommended that the key data RAM is read only and should be started form address 0X40H only, the key data RAM of address 0X40H ~0X45H should be read continuously and in one operation. z There is a one-to-one correspondence between the key data RAM addresses and the Key data outputs and between the individual bits of a key data RAM word and the key data outputs. The following shows the mapping from the RAM to the key data output: ROW3~15 K1 K8 K9 K16 COM1/KS0 40H 41H COM2/KS1 42H 43H COM3/KS2 44H 45H 16/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC I2C bus display data transfer format Data byte of I2C D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 K7 K6 K5 K4 K3 K2 K1 KS0 K8 0 0 K13 K12 K11 K10 K9 0 K7 K6 K5 K4 K3 K2 K1 0 0 K13 K12 K11 K10 K9 KS1 K8 K7 K6 K5 K4 K3 K2 K1 0 0 0 K13 K12 K11 K10 K9 K8 KS2 0 KEY MATRIX CONFIGURATION An example of key matrix configurations is shown below. When pressing three or more times is assumed: A configuration example is shown below. In this configuration, 1 to 39 ON switches can be recognised. When pressing twice or more times is assumed: A configuration example is shown below. In this configuration, 0 to 2 ON switches can be recognised. z In this configuration, pressing three or more times may cause the OFF switches to be determined as being ON. For example, if SW2, SW4 are ON and KS0 has been selected (high level) as shown below, SW3, in which current I1 is running is supposed to be detected to be ON. However, since SW2 and SW4 are ON, current I2 runs thus resulting in SW1 to be recognised as being ON (ghost key). 17/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC z If a diode is not available, not only the key data may not be read normally but the LED display may be affected or the ICs may be damaged. For example, if SW1 and SW2 are ON and KS0 has been selected (high level) as shown below, this will cause not only current I1 which is supposed to run but also a short-circuit current I2 of KS0 to KS1 to flow. It is possible that this will then cause the following two problems: (1) Since the level to K2 is not correctly sent, the key data cannot be latched correctly. (2) Since the short-circuited current (current I2) of KS1 (high level) to KS1 (low level) flows, the device may be damaged. Key matrix combination with 28 pin package z Without INT pin z With INT pin 18/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC Key matrix combination with 24 pin package z Without INT pin z With INT pin Key matrix combination with 20 pin package z Without INT pin z With INT pin 19/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC 2 I C Serial Interface The VK16K33 includes an I2C serial interface. The I2C bus is used for bidirectional, two-line communication between different ICs or modules. The two lines are a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL). Both lines are connected to a positive supply via a pull-up resistor. When the bus is free, both lines are high. The output stages of devices connected to the bus must have an open-drain or open-collector to perform a wired and function. Data transfer is initiated only when the bus is not busy. Data validity The data on the SDA line must be stable during the high period of the clock. The high or low state of the data line can only change when the clock signal on the SCL line is Low (see below). START and STOP conditions z A high to low transition on the SDA line while SCL is high defines a START condition. z A low to high transition on the SDA line while SCL is high defines a STOP condition. z START and STOP conditions are always generated by the master. The bus is considered to be busy after the START condition. The bus is considered to be free again a certain time after the STOP condition. z The bus stays busy if a repeated START (Sr) is generated instead of a STOP condition. In this respect, the START(S) and repeated START (Sr) conditions are functionally identical. Byte format Every byte put on the SDA line must be 8-bits long. The number of bytes that can be transmitted per transfer is unrestricted. Each byte has to be followed by an acknowledge bit. Data is transferred with the most significant bit (MSB) first. 20/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC Acknowledge z Each bytes includes eight bits is followed by a single acknowledge bit. This acknowledge bit is a low level put on the bus by the receiver, the master generates an extra acknowledge related clock pulse. z A slave receiver which is addressed must generate an acknowledge (ACK) after the reception of each byte. z The device that acknowledge must pull down the SDA line during the acknowledge clock pulse so that it remains stable low during the high period of this clock pulse. z A master receiver must signal an end of data to the slave by generating a not-acknowledge (NACK) bit on the last byte that has been clocked out of the slave. In this case, the master receiver must leave the data line high during the 9th pulse to not acknowledge. The master will generate a STOP or repeated START condition. Slave Addressing z The VK16K33 device requires an 8-bit slave address word following a start condition to enable the device for a write operation. The device address words consist of a mandatory one, zero sequence for the first four most significant bits (refer to the diagram showing the slave Address). This is common to all LED devices. z The slave address input circuit is shown below. A2~A0 are set to “0”, when A2~A0 are floating. A2~A0 are to “1”, when A2~A0 are connected to an AD pin with a diode and resister. z The slave address set is loaded into the VK16K33 at every frame. z The slave address byte is the first byte received following the START condition from the master device. The first seven bits of the first byte make up the slave address. The eighth bit defines whether a read or write operation is to be performed. When the R/W bit are “1”, then a read operation is selected. A “0” selects a write operation. z When an address byte is sent, the device compares the first seven bits after the START condition. If they match, the device outputs an acknowledge on the SDA line. 21/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC z 28-Pin package: z 24-Pin package: z 20-Pin package: Write Operation Byte write operation A byte write operation requires a START condition, slave address with R/W bit, a valid Command code / Register address, a Data and a STOP condition. Command Byte Received Command and Single Data Byte Received 22/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC Page write operation Following a START condition and slave address with R/W bit is placed on the bus and indicates to the addressed device that Register Address will follow and is to be written to the address pointer. The data to be written to the memory in next and the internal address pointer is incremented to the next address location on the reception of an acknowledge clock. After reaching the display memory location 0X0FH the pointer will reset to 0X00H (display memory). N Data Bytes Received Read Operation Byte read operation z A byte read operation requires a START condition, slave address with R/W bit, a fix valid Register address, slave address with R bit, a Data and a NACK signal and a STOP condition. z The Byte reads command is not available for Key data reading. Reading Single Data Bytes from the VK16K33 Page read operation z In this mode, the master reads the VK16K33 data after setting the slave address. Following a R/W bit (=“0”) and acknowledge bit, the register address (An) is written to the address W pointer. Next the START condition and slave address are repeated followed by a R/W bit (=“1”). The data which was addressed is then transmitted. The address pointer is only incremented on reception of an acknowledge clock. The VK16K33 will place the data at address An+1 on the bus. The master reads and acknowledges the new byte and the address pointer is incremented to “An+2”. z If the register address (An) is 0X00h ~ 0X0Fh, after reaching the memory location 0X0Fh, the pointer will be reset to 0X00h. z The key data RAM of address 0x40H~0x45H should be read continuously and completed in one operation, so the key data RAM of address should be started from 0x40H only. z This cycle of reading consecutive addresses will continue until the master sends a NACK signal and STOP condition. Reading n Data Bytes from the VK16K33 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27 23/34

VK16K33 LED Driver IC Command Summary Command / Address / Data Name Option Description Def. D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 ●Five bits of immediate data,bits A0 to A3,are transferred to the data pointer to Display {A0~A3 define one of sixteen display RAM data 0 0 0 0 A3 A2 A1 A0 } addresses. 00H Address R/W ●If the Display data register address (An) pointer is 0X00h ~ 0X0Fh,after reachingthe memory location 0X0Fh,the pointer will reset to 0X00h Defines internal system oscillator on/off {S} ●{0}:Turn off System oscillator (standby System 0 0 1 0 X X X S Write mode) 20H setup only ●{1}:Turn on System oscillator (normal operation mode) ●Three bits of immediate data,bits K0 to K2,are transferred to the data pointer to define one of six key data RAM addresses. Key {K0~K2 ●It is strongly recommended that the key data } data RAM of address 0x40H~0x45H Address 0 1 0 0 0 K2 K1 K0 Read should be read continuously and in one 40H operation,so the key data RAM of address pointer only should be started at 0x40H only. ●If the Key data register address (An) is 0X40h ~ 0X45h,after reachingthe memory location 0X45h,the pointer will reset to 0X40h Defines the INT flagaddress,Read INT INT flagstatus. flag Read Interrupt flagsignal output. When any key Address 011000 00 only matrix key is pressed,after the completion 60H pointer of two key scan cycles,this int flagbit goes to a high level and remains at a high level until all key data has been read, {D} Defines Display on/off status. 80H Display ●{0}: Display off ●{1}: Display on 1 0 0 0 X B1 B0 D Write setup Defines the blinking frequency ●{0,0}=Blinking OFF only ●{0,1}=2HZ 24/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC ●{1,0}=1HZ ●{1,1}=0.5HZ Note: If programmed command data is not defined, the function will not be affected. Name Command / Address / Data Option Description Def. D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 A0H Defines INT/ROW output pin select and EFH INT pin output active level status. ROW/I {act,row/ ●{X 0}: INT/ROW output pin is set to 1 0 1 0 X X act row int } ROW driver output. NT set / int Write ●{0,1}: INT/ROW output pin is set to INT only output,active low. ●{1,1}: INT/ROW output pin is set to INT output,active high. Defines the pulse width of ROW. ●{0,0,0,0}: 1/16duty ●{0,0,0,1}: 2/16duty ●{0,0,1,0}: 3/16duty ●{0,0,1,1}: 4/16duty ●{0,1,0,0}: 5/16duty ●{0,1,0,1}: 6/16duty Dimmin {P3~P0} ●{0,1,1,0}: 7/16duty 1 1 1 0 P3 P2 P1 P0 Write ●{0,1,1,1}: 8/16duty ●{1,0,0,0}: 9/16duty gset only ●{1,0,0,1}: 10/16duty ●{1,0,1,0}: 11/16duty ●{1,0,1,1}: 12/16duty ●{1,1,0,0}: 13/16duty ●{1,1,0,1}: 14/16duty ●{1,1,1,0}: 15/16duty ●{1,1,1,1}: 16/16duty Test Write HOLTEK use only D9H 11011001 mode only Note: If a programmed command data is not defined, the function will not be affected. 25/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC VK16K33 operation flow chart Access procedures are illustrated below by means of flowcharts. z Initialisation z Display data rewrite – address setting 26/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC z Key data read Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Range Unit Supply Voltage VSS-0.3V to VSS+6.5 V Input Voltage VSS-0.3V to VDD+0.3 V Storage Temperature ℃ -50 to 125 Operating Temperature -40 to 85 ℃ Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause substantial damage to the device. Functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may affect device reliability. 27/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC Electrical Characteristics D.C. Characteristics VDD =4.5~5.5V; Ta=25°C (Unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Test condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit VDD Condition 4.5 5 5.5 V VDD Operating Voltage - - - 1 2 mA No load,normal - 1 10 μA 0.7VDD - VDD V IDD Operating Current 5 operation,INT/ROW bit is set - 0.3VDD V to “0” 0 - μA -1 1 ISTB Standby Current 5 No load,standby mode - KΩ SDA,SCL 250 - VIH Input high Voltage 5 SDA,SCL - mA 6 - - mA VIL Input Low Voltage 5 VIN = VSS or VDD 6 -25 - mA ROW3/K1~ROW15/K13, -20 -40 IIL Input leakage current - -30 mA ROW0/A2~ROW2/A0 -25 -50 RPL Input pull-low 5 Keyscan during - % resistor - 200 5 mA 160 -25 - mA IOL1 Low level output 5 VOL=0.4V; SDA -20 -40 current IOL2 ROW Sink Current 5 VOL=0.4V,INT pin IOH1 ROW Source 5 VOH=VDD-2V,(ROW0~ROW15 Current pin) VOH=VDD-3V,(ROW0~ROW15 pin ) Imath ROW Source 5 VOH=VDD-3V,(ROW0~ROW15 Current tolerance pin ) IOL3 COM Sink Current 5 VOL=0.3V,(COM0~COM7 pin) IOH2 COM Source Current 5 VOH= VDD-2V,(COM0~COM3 pin) A.C. Characteristics VDD =4.5~5.5V; Ta=25°C (Unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Test condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit VDD Condition tLED LED Frame time 5 1/9 Duty 7.6 9.5 11.4 ms tOFF VDD OFF Time - VDD drop down to 0V 20 - - ms tSR VDD Slew Rate - - 0.05 - - V/ms Note: 1. If the Power on Reset timing conditions are not satisfied in the power ON/OFF sequence, the internal Power on Reset circuit will not operate normally. 2. If VDD drops below the minimum voltage of the operating voltage spec. during operating, the Power on Reset timing conditions must also be satisfied. That is, VDD must drop to 0V and remain at 0V for 20ms (min.) before rising to the normal operating voltage. 28/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC A.C. Characteristics Symbol Parameter Test condition Min. Max. Unit fSCL condition - 400 kHZ tBUF Clock frequency - 1.3 μs - tHD; STA Bus free time Time in which the bus must be free before 0.6 μs tLOW a new transmission can start 1.3 - μs tHIGH Start condition hold 0.6 - μs tSU; STA time After this period,the first clock pulse is 0.6 - μs generated 0 - μs tHD; DAT SCL Low time - 100 - ns tSU; DAT SCL High time - - - μs Start condition set-up - 0.3 μs tr Only relevant for repeated START 0.6 0.3 μs tf time condition. - tSU; STO Data hold time - - μs Data set-up time - 0.9 tAA Note - ns Rise time Note 50 tSP Fall time Stop condition set-up - time - Output Valid from Noise suppression time Clock Input Filter Time Constant (SDA and SCL Pins) Note: These parameters are periodically sampled but not 100% tested. Timing Diagrams z I2C Timing 29/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC Application Circuits z 16*8 display application: (No INT pin function and 13*3 key function) Note: 1. If RA0, RA1 and RA2 are Open, the I2C slave address (A0~A2) is set to low. 2. If RA0, RA1 and RA2 are 39KΩ, the I2C slave address (A0~A2) is set to high. 3. If the key input is not used for LED display, the resistor in series with the key input (R1~R13) can be omitted. z 15*8 display application: (INT pin function and 12*3 key function) Note: 1. If RA0, RA1 and RA2 are Open, the I2C slave address (A0~A2) is set to low. 2. If RA0, RA1 and RA2 are 39KΩ, the I2C slave address (A0~A2) is set to high. 3. If the key input is not used for LED display, the resistor in series with the key input (R1~R12) can be omitted. 30/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC z 12*8 display application: (No INT pin function and 10*3 key function) Note: 1. If RA0 and RA1 are Open, the I2C slave address (A0~A1) is set to low and A2 is always set to low. 2. If RA0 and RA1 are 39KΩ, the I2C slave address (A0~A1) is set to high and A2 is always set to low. 3. If the key input is not used for LED display, the resistor in series with the key input (R1~R10) can be omitted. z 11*8 display application: (INT pin function and 9*3 key function) Note: 1. If RA0 and RA1 are Open, the I2C slave address (A0~A1) is set to low and A2 is always set to low. 2. If RA0 and RA1 are 39KΩ, the I2C slave address (A0~A1) is set to high and A2 is always set to low. 3. If the key input is not used for LED display, the resistor in series with the key input (R1~R9) can be omitted. 31/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC z 8*8 display application: (No INT pin function and 8*3 key function) Note: 1. The I2C slave address (A0~A2) =000. 2. If the key input is not used for LED display, the resistor in series with the key input (R1~R8) can be omitted. z 7*8 display application: (INT pin function and 7*3 key function) Note: 1. The I2C slave address (A0~A2) =000. 2. If the key input is not used for LED display, the resistor in series with the key input (R1~R7) can be omitted. 32/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC LED Matrix Circuit 33/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27

VK16K33 LED Driver IC Package Dimension SOP20 12.60～13.00 0.204～0.36 7.40～7.60 0.40～1.27 10.00～10.65 0.35～0.51 1.27TYP 0°～8° Unit：mm 2.28～2.63 0.10～0.30 2.18～2.33 0.204～0.360 SOP24 15.20～15.60 SOP28 7.40～7.60 0.40～1.27 10.00～10.65 0.35～0.51 1.27TYP 0°～8° Unit：mm 2.28～2.63 0.10～0.30 2.18～2.33 18.00±0.10 7. 52±0. 10 10.00±0.30 0. 85±0. 20 0.406±0.10 1.27 2°～8° 2.34±0.10 0.16+-00..0150 Unit：mm 34/34 Rev 1.0 2017-06-27