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模拟试卷一
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SectionI UseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C
orDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Severalyearsintoacampaigntogetkidstoeatbetterandexercisemore,childobesity
rateshaveappearedtostabilize,andmightbepoisedforareversal.
ButastudypublishedMondayinthejournalPNASsuggeststhatamongadolescents,the
1 signsarelimitedtothosefrombetter-educated,more 2 families.Amongteensfrom
poorer,lesswell-educatedfamilies,obesityhas 3 torise.
Thatclass-gapwasnot 4 inyoungerchildren.Butaschildrenneared 5 ,theclass
differencesbecameincreasinglyobvious.
6 betweenrichandpoorinobesityratesarenotnew,andtheyareonlyoneofmany
healthgapsthatmakepoorpatientssickerandmorelikelytodie 7 thanricherones.Butif
thepublichealthmessageonobesity“hasnotdiffused 8 acrossthepopulation,”thisgap
could 9 effortstostematidalwaveof 10 obesity-relateddiseasesintheyearsahead.
Researchersfrom HarvardUniversity?sKennedySchoolofGovernmentfoundthat 11
activitymayaccountlargelyforthe 12 trendinobesitybetweenrichandpoor.
Ifpublichealthexpertsaretopreventchildhoodobesityand 13 drivedownfuture
obesityamongadults,they?llhavetofigureout 14 lessadvantagedkidsdon?tgetasmuch
exercise,theauthorsofthelateststudysay.Yes,lackof 15 centers,playgrounds,and
streetsandsidewalksthat 16 walking,bikingandplayingareimportant,theywrote.
But,theyadded,“thisisnotthewholestory.”Amongchildrenwithparentswho 17
highonthesocioeconomicscale,participationinhighschoolsportsandclubshasincreased.
Butamongtheir 18 from familiesoflowereducational 19 andincome,such
participationhas 20 .
1.[A]distressing [B]hopeful [C]useful [D]controversial
2.[A]aggressive [B]innovative [C]underprivileged [D]affluent
3.[A]continued [B]paused [C]stabilized [D]stopped
4.[A]mischievous [B]misleading [C]inconspicuous [D]evident
5.[A]fatherhood [B]neighborhood [C]adulthood [D]childhood
6.[A]Recognitions [B]Confusions [C]Disputes [D]Disparities
7.[A]late [B]prematurely [C]impulsively [D]lonely
8.[A]disproportionally [B]speedily [C]evenly [D]unequally
9.[A]strengthen [B]stimulate [C]join [D]hamper
10.[A]costly [B]friendly [C]timely [D]lively
11.[A]social [B]physical [C]psychological [D]mental
模拟试卷一 ·1·
12.[A]promising [B]convergent [C]divergent [D]popular
13.[A]thereby [B]unless [C]because [D]whereas
14.[A]where [B]who [C]when [D]why
15.[A]service [B]recreation [C]education [D]treatment
16.[A]force [B]restrict [C]encourage [D]dispirit
17.[A]ranked [B]felt [C]constructed [D]distorted
18.[A]relatives [B]acquaintances [C]colleagues [D]peers
19.[A]facility [B]attainment [C]belief [D]tendency
20.[A]vanished [B]increased [C]declined [D]revived
SectionII ReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,or
D.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Threemakesatrend.The WashingtonPostCo.Fridayannouncedthatitwouldlookto
sellitsiconicheadquartersbuildingindowntown Washington,D.C.InJanuary,theDetroit
FreePressandTheDetroitNewsannouncedtheywouldputupforsaletheirheadquarters.
Thesamemonth,FrankGannettsaiditwillsellthebuildingthathousestheRochester,N.
Y.,Democrat& Chronicle.ThebuildingwastheplacewhereGannettstartedandbuilthis
vastnewspaperempire.
It?snosecretthatnewspapersareincrisis.Advertisingrevenueshavefallenbyhalfinthe
pastdecadeandarebacktowheretheywerein1983;circulationrevenuesarebacktowhere
theywerein1996.Thedigitalnumbersarerising,butnotnearlyfastenough.Printmediais
hamperedbyhighfixedcostsincurredinthepre-digitalera—pensionsandunioncontracts,
equipmentlikeprintingpresses,largenumbersofemployees,andbigofficebuildings.
Virtually every newspaper company has engaged in drastic measures—laying off
experiencedemployees,eliminatingsections,cuttingbackprintingfromdailytoafewdaysper
week.Thoseeffortsareallmeanttolowerday-to-dayoperatingcosts.Butwe?vealsoseen
newspaper companies seek onetime injections of cash by selling off non-core assets.
Increasingly,theheadquartersbuilding—typicallylocatedrightinthe middleoftown—is
fallingintothenon-coreassetcategory.
Traditionalistsmayfindthesesalesandthecontinuedshrinkingofnewspapers?real-estate
footprints to be depressing.Butit?s actually a positive development.Callit creative
destruction,oradaptivereuse.Incitiesaroundthecountry,investorsarefindingbetteruses
forproperties.InlowerManhattan,ClassBofficebuildingsthatusedtohousefinancialfirms
havebeenconvertedintoexpensivecondos.“It?sagreatthing,becauseitdrives moretax
·2· 模拟试卷一
revenuetothecities.Anditgivesthesuburbsarunforthemoney,”saidJonathan Miller,
presidentofappraisalcompanyMillerSamuel.
InD.C.,theWashington Post willlikelyfetchanexcellentpriceforitsheadquarters
because Washingtonisaboomtown.Throughout D.C.,investorsareplowingcashinto
housing,office,andretaildevelopments.Thebuildingthathousedtheorganizationthat
exposedtheWatergatescandalmaybecomethenextWatergatecomplex.
Ofcourse,progressinevitablydisplacesthepriortenants.It?slikelythenewhomesthat
willbeoccupied by newspapermenand newspaperwomenin Washington,Rochester,and
Detroitwillbelessgrand,lesscentral,andlesshistoricthantheircurrenthomes.Andthesale
ofthesepropertiesalonewon?tsolvethenewspapers?financialproblems.Butitwillbuythema
veryvaluablecommodity:time.
21.AttheverybeginningofParagraph1,thesaying“Threemakesatrend”impliesthat
[A]newspapergiantsstarttoenterhousingmarket.
[B]it?spopularforprintingcompaniestochangeheadquarters.
[C]thethreecompanieshavesoldtheirbuildingstogether.
[D]newspaper-publishershavewidelyfallenintocrisis.
22.AccordingtoParagraph2,whathasstoodinthewayofprintmedia?sfurtherdevelopment?
[A]Theover-highoperatingcost. [B]Thelargeofficebuildings.
[C]Thedeclineofadvertisingrevenues. [D]Thespreadofdigitalnews.
23.Innewspaperindustry,drasticmeasuresareadoptedwiththepurposeto
[A]cutdownthedailyexpenditure. [B]lookforonetimeinjectionofcash.
[C]reducethestaffcost. [D]optimizecompanysections.
24.InParagraph4,itisinferredthat
[A]thetradingofbuildingscanincreasetheurbanrevenue.
[B]moneyflowsarerunningquicklyfromsuburbstobigcities.
[C]traditionalistsarestronglyagainstthesalesofnewspapers?buildings.
[D]thedestructionofnewspapers?buildingsisactuallycreative.
25.Theauthor?sattitudetothebuilding-salesis
[A]neutral. [B]indifferent. [C]negative. [D]positive.
Text2
Inthedevelopedcountries,thedominantfactorinthenextsocietywillbesomethingto
which mostpeopleareonlyjustbeginningtopayattention:therapidgrowthintheolder
populationandtherapidshrinkingoftheyoungergeneration.Politicianseverywherestill
promisetosavetheexistingpensionssystem,butthey—andtheirconstituents—knowperfectly
wellthatinanother25yearspeoplewillhavetokeep workinguntiltheir mid-70s,health
permitting.
Whathasnotyetsunkinisthatagrowingnumberofolderpeople—saythoseover50—
willnotkeeponworkingastraditionalfull-timenine-to-fiveemployees,butwillparticipatein
模拟试卷一 ·3·
thelaborforceinmanynewanddifferentways:astemporaries,aspart-timers,asconsultants,
onspecialassignmentsandsoon.Whatusedtobepersonnelandarenowknownashuman
resourcesdepartmentsstillassumethatthose who workforan organizationarefull-time
employees.Employmentlawsandregulationsarebasedonthesameassumption.Within20or
25years,however,perhapsasmanyashalfthepeoplewhoworkforanorganizationwillnotbe
employedbyit,certainlynotonafull-timebasis.Thiswillbeespeciallytrueforolderpeople.
New waysof working with peopleatarm?slength willincreasingly becomethecentral
managerialissueofemployingorganizations,andnotjustofbusinesses.
Theshrinkingoftheyoungerpopulation willcauseanevengreaterupheaval,ifonly
becausenothinglikethishashappenedsincethedyingcenturiesoftheRomanEmpire.Inevery
singledevelopedcountry,butalsoinChinaandBrazil,thebirthrateisnow wellbelowthe
replacementrateof2.2livebirthsperwomanofreproductiveage.Politically,thismeansthat
immigrationwillbecomeanimportantandhighlydivisiveissueinallrichcountries.Itwillcut
acrossalltraditionalpoliticalalignments.Economically,thedeclineintheyoungpopulation
willchangemarketsinfundamentalways.Growthinfamilyformationhasbeenthedriving
forceofalldomesticmarketsinthedevelopedworld,buttherateoffamilyformationiscertain
to fall steadily unless bolstered by large-scale immigration of younger people. The
homogeneousmassmarketthatemergedinallrichcountriesaftertheSecond World Warhas
beenyouth-determinedfromthestart.Itwillnowbecomemiddle-age-determined,orperhaps
morelikelyitwillsplitintotwo:amiddle-age-determined massmarketanda muchsmaller
youth-determinedone.Andbecausethesupplyofyoungpeople willshrink,creatingnew
employmentpatternstoattractandholdthegrowingnumberofolderpeople (esp.older
educatedpeople)willbecomeincreasinglyimportant.
26.ItissuggestedinParagraph1thatpeoplewillhavetoworkintotheirmid-70sbecause
[A]therewillbearapiddeclineinthenumberofyoungerworkers.
[B]thegovernmenthasreformedthepensionssystem.
[C]thehealthconditionofoldpeopleisbeingimproved.
[D]theirlifeexpectancyissteadilyincreasing.
27.AccordingtoParagraph2,thewayolderpeoplewilljointhelaborforcecanbedescribedas
[A]changeable. [B]familiar. [C]conventional. [D]flexible.
28.Intheauthor?sview,in20or25years,
[A]theyoungwillhavemoredifficultyfindingafull-timejob.
[B]therewillbefewerfull-timeworkersinorganizations.
[C]olderworkerswillbepredominantinthelaborforce.
[D]therewillbestricterlawsandregulationsonemployment.
29.Whatimpactwilltheshrinkingofyoungpeoplehaveoneconomy?
[A]Thelowbirthratewillcontinueforalongtime.
[B]Thedomesticdemandwilldecline,draggingdowneconomicgrowth.
[C]Themassmarketwillbeprobablydividedintotwocategories.
·4· 模拟试卷一
[D]Richcountrieswillhavetopaymoreattentiontoimmigration.
30.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
[A]Theshrinkingofyoungerpopulation.
[B]Factorsbehindtheagingpopulation.
[C]Thechangeofemploymentpatterns.
[D]Theinfluenceofagingproblem.
Text3
Anecdotalevidencehaslongheldthatcreativityinartistsand writerscanbeassociated
withlivinginforeign parts.Rudyard Kipling,Pablo Picasso,Ernest Hemingway,Paul
Gauguin,SamuelBeckettandothersspentyearsdwellingabroad.Nowapairofpsychologists
hasprovedthatthereisindeedalink.
AstheyreportintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,William Madduxof
INSEAD,abusinessschoolinFontainebleau,France,and Adam Galinsky,oftheKellogg
SchoolofManagementinChicago,presented155Americanbusinessstudentsand55foreign
onesstudyinginAmericawithatestusedbypsychologistsasameasureofcreativity.Givena
candle,somematchesandaboxofdrawingpins,thestudentswereaskedtoattachthecandle
toacardboardwallsothatno wax woulddriponthefloorwhenthecandlewaslit.(The
solutionistousetheboxasacandleholderandfixittothewallwiththepins.)Theyfound
60% ofstudentswhowereeitherlivingabroadorhadspentsometimedoingso,solvedthe
problem,whereasonly42% ofthosewhohadnotlivedabroaddidso.
Afollow-upstudywith72Americansand36foreignersexploredtheircreativenegotiating
skills.Pairsofstudentswereaskedtoplaytheroleofasellerofapetrolstationwhothen
neededtogetajobandabuyerwhowouldneedtohirestafftorunthebusiness.Thetwowere
likelytoreachadeadlockbecausethebuyerhadbeentoldhecouldnotaffordwhattheseller
wastoldwashisminimumprice.Nevertheless,wherebothnegotiatorshadlivedabroad70%
struckadealinwhichthesellerwasofferedamanagementjobatthepetrolstationinreturnfor
aloweraskingprice.Whenneitherofthenegotiatorshadlivedabroad,nonewasabletoreach
adeal.
Tocheckthattheyhadnotmerelydiscoveredthatcreativepeoplearemorelikelytochoose
toliveabroad,DrMadduxandDrGalinskyidentifiedandmeasuredpersonalitytraits,suchas
opennesstonewexperiences,thatareknowntopredictcreativity.Theythenusedstatistical
controlstofilteroutsuchfactors.Evenafterthathadbeendone,thestatisticalrelationship
betweenliving abroad and creativityremained,indicatingthatitissomethingfrom the
experienceoflivinginforeignpartsthathelpsfostercreativity.
Merelytravellingabroad,however,wasnotenough.Youdohavetolivethere.Packing
yourbeachtowelandsuntanlotionwillnot,byitself,makeyouHemingway.
31.Intheopeningparagraph,famousnamesarecitedtoshowtherelationshipbetween
[A]creativityandlivingabroad.
模拟试卷一 ·5·
rightuntiltheend.
DeepBluebeatMr.Kasparovusingthe “bruteforce”technique.Ratherthansearchfor
thebestmoveinagivenposition,thecomputerconsidersallwhite?smoves,andallblack?s
possiblereplies,andallwhite?srepliestothosereplies,andsoonfor,say,adozenturns.The
resultingmapofpossiblemoveshasmillionsofbranches.Thecomputercombsthroughthe
possibleoutcomesandplaystheonemovethatwouldgiveitsopponentthefewestchancesof
winning.Unfortunately,bruteforcewillnotworkin Go.First,thegamehas many more
possiblepositionsthanchessdoes.Second,thenumberofpossible movesfrom atypical
positioninGoisabout200,comparedwithaboutadozeninchess.Finally,evaluatingaGo
positionisfiendishlydifficult.Thefastestprogramscanassessjust50positionsasecond,
comparedwith500,000inchess.
Inthepasttwo decadesresearchershaveexploredseveralalternativestrategies with
indifferentresults.Now,however,programmersaremakingimpressivegainswithatechnique
knownastheMonteCarlomethod.Givenaposition,aprogramusingaMonteCarloalgorithm
contemplateseverymoveandplaysalargenumberofrandomgamestoseewhathappens.Ifit
winsin80% ofthosegames,themoveisprobablygood.Otherwise,itkeepslooking.The
resultisanewgenerationoffastprogramsthatplayparticularlywellonsmallversionsofthe
Goboard.
36.AccordingtoParagraph1,computergamescould
[A]servetoimprovetheprogramdesigning.
[B]bringfameandfortunetothehumanchampion.
[C]promotetheresearchesofhumanintelligence.
[D]helpresearchersavoidwork.
37.ThevictoryofDeepBlueshowsthat
[A]computerswilldominateeveryfrontofgames.
[B]humansshouldpreparefortheattackofcomputers.
[C]thechessgameistoosimpleforcomputerstoplay.
[D]thesupercomputerisverygoodatcalculation.
38.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtoParagraph3?
[A]TheplayofGoistoocomplextowin.
[B]Peopleoftendon?tknow whowinsaplayofGo.
[C]GowasastrategiccontestinventedinChinalongago.
[D]StonesofGocouldbeplacedoneverywhereofagrid.
39.Theword“fiendishly”(Line9,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans
[A]oddly. [B]extremely. [C]astoundingly. [D]unexpectedly.
40.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat
[A]MonteCarlomethodismuchclevererthanotherprograms.
[B]computerscouldbecomegreatcompetitorstohumanbeings.
[C]humanbeings?dominantpositioninGoboardstartstoshake.
模拟试卷一 ·7·
[D]computerprogram willrandomlychooseasteptoseewhathappens.
PartB
Directions:
Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutdistrustofnewsmedia.Choosethe
mostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph (41-45).Thefirstand
thelastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Therearetwoextraheadingswhichyoudo
notneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
[A]Rootofdistrustofthenewsmedia
[B]Distrustinotherindustries
[C]Findingsofjournalismcredibilityproject
[D]Socialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandreaders
[E]Reportingstandardtemplatesmaybeingasourceofdistrust
[F]Reportersassocialandculturalelite
[G]Differentlifestylesofreportersandcommonpeople
WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers? TheAmerican
SocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationis
deepeningintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.Thejournalism
credibilityisontheleveloftrustjournalism.Throughthisinvestigation,theyhopetofindout
thereasonwhymanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers.
(41)
Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrors
andspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementabout
whatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.
(42)
Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthrough
asetofstandardtemplates(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday?sevents.Inotherwords,
thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandareadymadenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.
(43)
Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,which
helpsexplainwhythe“standardtemplates”ofthenewsroomseemalientomanyreaders.Ina
recentsurvey,questionnaires weresenttoreportersinfive middle-sizecitiesaroundthe
country,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedat
randomandaskedthesamequestions.
(44)
RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytolivein
upscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey?relesslikely
·8· 模拟试卷一
togotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsinacommunity.
(45)
Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite,sotheirworktends
toreflecttheconventionalvaluesofthiselite.Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn?t
rootedinaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyclashof worldviewsbetween
reportersandtheirreaders.
Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisa
troubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.
Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiumsandacredibilityprojectdedicatedto wondering why
customersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitneverseemstogetaroundto
noticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifit
did,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,and
lookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.
PartC
Directions:
Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto Chinese.Your
translationshouldbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Theselfishgene.TheBigBang.Thegreenhouseeffect.Metaphorsareattheheartof
scientificthinking.(46)They providethe meansforboth scientistsand non-scientiststo
understand,thinkthroughandtalkaboutabstractideasintermsofmorefamiliarobjectsor
phenomena.
Butifmetaphorscanilluminate,theycanalsoconstrain.Inhisnewbook,TheIdeaof
theBrain,zoologistand historian Matthew Cobb tellsthe story of how scientists and
philosophershavetriedtounderstandthebrainandhowitworks.(47)Ineveryage,Cobb
shows,peoplehavethoughtaboutthebrainlargelyintermsofmetaphors,drawnusuallyfrom
themostexcitingtechnologyoftheday,whetherclocksorthecontemporaryobsessionwith
computers.Thebrain,Cobbobserves,ismorelikeacomputerthanlikeaclock,buteventhe
simplestanimalbrainisnotacomputerlikeanything wehavebuilt,norone wecanyet
envisage.(48)Metaphorsallowinsightanddiscoverybutareinevitablypartialandtherewill
comeapointwhentheunderstandingtheyallowwillbeoutweighedbythelimitstheyimpose.
(49)Theparadoxofneuroscience(神经科学)todayisthatwepossessanunprecedented
amountofdataaboutthebrainbutbarelyahintofatheorytoexplainhowitworks.Indeed,as
theFrenchneuroscientistYvesFrégnachasputit,makingampleuseofmetaphor,itcanfeel
asifwearedrowninginafloodofinformationandthatallsenseofglobalunderstandingof
brainfunctionisinacutedangerofbeingwashedaway.
ThelinguistGeorgeLakoffandphilosopherMarkJohnsonarguedthatmetaphorsarenot
linguisticflourishesbutthefundamentalbuildingblocksofthought.Wedon?tsimplytalkor
writewithmetaphors,wealsothinkwiththem.Somestudiessuggestthatonewordinevery
模拟试卷一 ·9·
25weuseisametaphor.Andthereismuchevidencethatthechoiceofmetaphorcanshapethe
wayweperceivetheworldandactuponit.
Inaseriesofexperiments,twopsychologists,PaulThibodeauandLeraBoroditsky,gave
participantsoneoftworeportsaboutcrimeinthefictionalcityofAddison.Thereportswere
identical,exceptthatinonecrimewasdescribedasa“wildbeastpreyingonthecity”andinthe
otherasa“virusinfectingthecity”.(50)Whenaskedforsolutions,thosewhoreadthefirst
reportsuggestedmostlytougherlawenforcementandpunishments,whilethosepresentedwith
thesecond were more willingto proposesocialreformssuch aseconomic or healthcare
improvements.Metaphors,ThibodeauandBoroditskyobserve,“haveprofoundinfluenceson
how weconceptualiseandactwithrespecttoimportantsocietalissues”.
SectionIII Writing
PartA
51.Directions:
YouwanttoapplyforajobasanEnglishteacherinauniversity.Nowwritealettertoits
personneldepartment,sendingyourresumeandmakingaself-recommendation.
Writeyourletterabout100words.WriteitneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.
Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“LiMing”instead.
Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)
PartB
52.Directions:
Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould
1)describethedrawingbriefly,
2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen
3)giveyourcomments.
YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)
·10· 模拟试卷一
模拟试卷一答案及解析
SectionI UseofEnglish
几年来努力让孩子们吃得更好、锻炼更多的举动使得儿童肥胖率似乎已经稳定并可能出现逆转。
但周一发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一项研究表明:在青少年中,这种充满希望的迹象仅局限于那些
来自教育程度更高、更加富裕的家庭的孩子。而对于那些来自于贫穷的、教育程度不高的家庭的青少年,肥胖率
则持续上升。
这种阶级差距在年龄较小的儿童中并不明显。但当孩子接近成年时,这种差异则越来越明显。
肥胖率的贫富差距并不是新问题,它们只是许多健康差距中的一个。这些差异会让贫穷的患者病情加重,
而且比富人更容易早夭。但如果关于肥胖的公共卫生信息“不能均匀地向所有人群传播”,那么在未来几年,这
种差距将会阻碍我们遏制大批昂贵的、与肥胖相关的疾病的努力。
哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院的研究人员发现,在很大程度上,体育活动情况的差别也许可以解释富人和穷人
之间肥胖发展的不同趋势。
最新研究的作者说:“如果公共卫生专家想通过防止儿童肥胖从而降低未来的成年人肥胖的几率,他们必须
找出为什么弱势的孩子没有得到同样多的锻炼”。他们写道:“是的,重要的是他们缺乏可以鼓励他们去步行、骑
车和玩耍的娱乐中心、运动场以及街道和人行道。”
但是,他们补充道:“这不是故事的全部。”其父母的社会经济地位高的儿童会更多地参与高中体育活动和俱
乐部。但对于那些来自受教育程度和收入较低家庭的同龄人,这种参与则已经下降。
1.【答案】B
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。distressing意为“使痛苦的”;hopeful意为“有希望的”;useful意为“有用的”;
controversial意为“有争议的”。空格所在的上文提到肥胖率趋于稳定,并有逆转的可能,这是一个积极正面
的信号,A 和 D为负面词语,故排除;C项在文中并未提及,故排除,所以答案为 B。
2.【答案】D
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。aggressive意为“有侵略性的”;innovative意为“创新的”;underprivileged意为
“社会地位低下的”;affluent意为“富裕的”。由空格所在句可知,more后面跟一个形容词与 better-educated
一起修饰families,并且跟下文提及的poorer的意思相反,所以正确答案为 D。
3.【答案】A
【解析】本 题 考 查 上 下 文 推 理。continued 意 为 “持 续,继 续”;paused 意 为 “暂 停”;stabilized 意 为 “稳 定”;
stopped意为“停止”。由原文可知,空格处的动词应该与上文中的stabilize,poise构成对应关系,推断出原文
意思是贫困、教育程度低的家庭的孩子的肥胖率应该还是继续上升的,故答案选 A。
4.【答案】D
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。mischievous意为“淘气的”;misleading意为“令人误解的”;inconspicuous意为
“不明显的”;evident意为“明显的”。根据空格所在句后一句中的 But可知,两句之间是转折关系,因此推断
not加上空格处词的意思与increasinglyobvious意思相反,因此,应选 D。
5.【答案】C
【解析】本题考查上下文推理。fatherhood意为“父亲的身份”;neighborhood意为“邻居”;adulthood意为“成
人期”;childhood意为“童 年 时 期”。句 中 的 转 折 词 But说 明 本 句 与 上 一 句 相 对,空 格 处 所 填 单 词 应 该 与
childrenneared构成词组与youngerchildren构成对比,所以空格处的词应选 C。
6.【答案】D
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。Recognitions意为“认同,识别”;Confusions意为“混淆,困惑”;Disputes意为“争
论”;Disparities意为“不一致”。由空格后提及的betweenrichandpoor可知,相应的线索应该在上文,第三段
模拟试卷一 ·11·
21.【答案】D
【解析】本提问在第一段的开头,“Threemakesatrend”这句话的意思是什么。根据题干可定位到第一、二
段,在第一段首句之后文章列举了三个报业大集团卖楼事例;紧接着第二段首句又说卖楼的原因乃是报业不
景气,因而选 D项“报纸的出版商普遍陷入危机”;第二段指出卖楼的原因在于行业萧条而不是新业务拓展,
A 项“报业巨头开始进入房地产市场”属于无中生有,排除;B项“印刷企业更换总部非常流行”对trend一词
曲解;这些集团迫于压力而变卖资产,并非特意更换,排除;第一段分别列举了三家集团将先后出售总部大
楼,并未指出联手出售,C项“这三家公司一起卖掉了他们的大楼。”错误。
22.【答案】A
【解析】本题问根据第二段,是什么阻碍了印刷媒体的进一步发展。根据题干信息定位到第二段,根据第二段
最后一句话开头部分Printmediaishamperedbyhighfixedcosts可知,阻碍出版业发展的因素在于高昂的固
定成本,因此选择 A 项“运营成本过高”;B项“大型办公大楼”从属于成本的一部分,过于片面,故排除;C 项
“广告收入的下降”与 D项“数字新闻的传播”只是说明了目前报业遇到的困难的表现,而非难以摆脱困境的
原因,故排除。
23.【答案】A
【解析】本题问在报纸行业,采取激烈措施的目的是什么。第三段首句话采用总分结构,指出报业集团纷纷采
取措施,破折号之后是具体做法,而且紧接着第二句点明所有努力的目标在于lowerday-to-dayoperating
costs,即降低一天天的运营成本,故选 A 项“减少日常开支”;第三段第三句说也有些公司通过卖楼寻求一次
性资金注入,这是另一种措施,而不是出版业普遍采取措施的根本目的,因此排除 B项“寻找一次性的现金注
入”;C项“降低员工成本”和 D项“优化公司的部分”都属于 A 项所说的减少日常开支,不全面,故排除。
24.【答案】A
【解析】本题问在第四段中,我们推断出什么。根据题干信息定位至第四段。第四段最后引号中提到because
itdrivesmoretaxrevenuetothecities,即地产买卖可以为城市带来更多的税收,也就是增加了城市收入,A
项“地产交易可以增加城市收入”正确;B项“资金正迅速从郊区流向大城市”曲解了最后一句中提到的arun
forthemoney的意思,其意思是积极争取资金,故排除;D项“摧毁报纸的地产做法实际上是有创意的”曲解
了段中第三句提到的creativedestruction里 destruction的词意,其在文中的词意是“结构,重组”而不是“拆
毁”,故排除;在原文中传统主义者对卖楼所体现出的行业萎缩感到难过,而不是强烈反对,故排除 C项“传统
主义者强烈反对出售报纸的大楼”。
25.【答案】D
【解析】本提问作者对报业出售它们的建筑大楼的态度是什么。这是一道态度题,考查的是作者对事件的主
观态度。文章最后一段最后一句很明显是作者的想法,他认为售楼至少能为出版界争取到宝贵的时间,因此
选 D项“积极的”;排除 A 项“中立的”、B项“漠不关心的”与 C项“消极的”。
Text2
在发达国家,许多人刚刚开始注意到未来社会的主导因素:老龄人口的快速增长和年轻人口的迅速萎缩。
虽然各地的政客们依然允诺要保留目前的退休金体系,但是他们及他们的支持者都清楚地知道,再过25年,只
要健康允许,人们将不得不工作到75岁左右。
越来越多的老人———比如那些超过50岁的人,将不会再做传统的朝九晚五的8小时全职工作者。相反,他
们将以临时工、兼职工、顾问以及接受特殊职位等许多不同的新方式加入劳动力队伍中。而人们还未意识到这
种变化。过去的人事部门现如今被称为人力资源部,这些部门的人仍旧以为凡是在某个机构中工作的人都是这
个组织的全职雇员。就业方面的法律法规也是基于同样的设想制定出来的。可是在20或25年后,在某个机构
中工作的人可能会有多达一半的人不再被雇用,当然也就不是全职雇员了。这对老年人来说尤为如此。与员工
关系松散的新工作方式将逐渐成为用工单位(不仅仅是企业)的核心管理问题。
年轻人数量的萎缩将会引起更大的动荡,因为自从罗马帝国没落以来还没有发生过类似的情况。每一个发
达国家,以及中国和巴西,人口出生率远远低于每个育龄妇女生育2.2个存活婴儿的人口置换率。从政治上来
说,这就意味着在所有富裕国家中,移民将会成为一个重要而且是非常容易引起分裂的问题,它将切断一切传统
·14· 模拟试卷一
上的政治联盟。从经济上来说,年轻人口数量的下降将会从根本上改变整个市场状况。新家庭数量的增长一直
是所有发达国家国内市场的推动力,但是现在除非受到大规模年轻移民的推动,否则新家庭的增长率肯定会持
续下降。二战之后在所有发达国家出现的同质大众市场从一开始就是由年轻人起决定作用的。它现在将会变
成由中年人主导或者更有可能将会分裂为由中年人主导的大众市场和一个由年轻人主导的小得多的市场。因
为年轻人口的补充将会萎缩,创造新的就业模式以吸引和留住越来越多的老龄人口(特别是受过教育的老龄人
口)将会变得越来越重要。
26.【答案】A
【解析】本提问第一段建议说,人们将不得不工作到70多岁,因为什么。本题是一道推断题,根据题干关键词
可定位至第一段最后一句,但是该句并未提到题干问到的原因,再往上句找,上句提及“未来社会的主导因
素:老龄人口的快速增长和年轻人口的迅速萎缩”,这正是造成人们将不得不工作到75岁的原因,A 项“年轻
员工的数量将迅速下降”与原文表述一致,是同义替换,故选 A;B项“政府改革了养老金制度”与原文提到的
保留目前的退休金体系相反,故排除;原文中说的是healthpermitting表示只要健康允许,而不是指 C项“老
年人的健康状况正在改善”,故排除;D项“他们的预期寿命在稳步增长”在文中并未提及,故排除。
27.【答案】D
【解析】本题问根据第二段,老年人加入劳动力大军的方式可以描述为什么。本题是一道细节题,根据题干关
键词可定位至文章第二段第一句,该句中的that引导的表语从句提到“越来越多的老人———比如那些超过
50岁的人,将不会再做传统的朝九晚五的8小时全职工作者。相反,他们将以临时工、兼职工、顾问以及接受
特殊职位等许多不同的新方式加入劳动力队伍中”,由此可见老年人将来参加工作的方式不再拘泥于传统的
朝九晚五模式,而是变得更加灵活多样,因此选 D项“灵活的”。文中说老年人可以以许多不同的新方式加入
到劳动力的队伍中,这并不是说他们的工作方式是变化不定的,故排除 A 项“不定的”;B项“常见的”与 C项
“常规的”与原文意思相反,故排除。
28.【答案】B
【解析】本题问作者认为,20年或25年后,会怎么样。本题是一道细节题,根据题干关键词定位至第二段第
四句,该句大意是说“可是在20或25年后,在某个机构中工作的人可能会有多达一半的人不再被雇用,当然
也就不是全职雇员了。”由此可见一个机构中半数的人将不会是全职员工,因此全职员工将会更少,故 B项
“在组织中全职时间的工作者将会减少”符合文意;A 项“年轻人将更难找到全职工工作”与 D 项“就业方面
的法律法规将更加严格”在原文中并未提及,故排除;C 项“老年工人将在劳动力中占主导地位”属于过度推
断,故排除。
29.【答案】C
【解析】本题问年轻人的减少会对经济产生什么影响。本题是一道细节题,根据题干中的关键词可定位至第
三段第五句,该句提到“从经济上来说,年轻人口数量的下降将会从根本上改变整个市场状况。”,倒数第二句
又提到“同质大众市场将会变成由中年人主导或者更有可能将会分裂为由中年人主导的大众市场和一个由
年轻人主导的小得多的市场。”由此可推知,同质大众市场有可能分成两类,故选 C项“大众市场可能会分为
两类”;B项“国内需求将会下降,拖累经济增长 ”在原文中并未提及,故排除;原文只说了出生率现在的情况,
没有说将来的情况,而且这也不是对经济方面的影响,故排除 A 项“低出生率将持续很长一段时间”;D 项“富
裕国家将不得不更加关注移民问题。”是政治方面的影响,故排除。
30.【答案】D
【解析】本题问这篇文章的主要内容是什么。本题是一道中心主旨题,文章首段首句指出未来社会的主导因
素是老龄人口的快速增长、年轻人口迅速萎缩,即人口老龄化问题,并在第二、三段阐述了这一现象给社会带
来的影响,所以 D项“老龄化问题的影响”是对文章内容的高度概括,故选 D 项;A 项“年轻人口萎缩”与 C项
“就业模式转变”是对文章内容的片面概括,故排除;B项“导致人口老龄化的因素”其中的“因素”偏离了文章
主题,故排除。
模拟试卷一 ·15·
置定语tounderstand…ideas,最后是方式状语intermsof…phenomena。
47.【答案】科布指出,在每个年代,人们对大脑的思考大多从隐喻的角度出发,这些隐喻往往来自当代最令人振
奋的技术,或是时钟,又或是当下令人着迷的电脑。
【解析】本 句 的 主 干 是 In…age,Cobbshows,peoplehavethoughtaboutthebrainlargelyintermsof
metaphors…,其中In…age是时间状语,Cobbshows是插入语,peoplehavethoughtaboutthebrain为主谓宾
结构,largelyintermsofmetaphors… 为方式状语,同时在这一 句 中 drawnusuallyfromthemostexciting
technologyoftheday…是 修 饰 metaphors的 后 置 定 语,whetherclocksorthecontemporaryobsessionwith
computers是technology的同位语。
48.【答案】隐喻虽能带来洞见和发现,但它的片面不可避免,因此到达某个阶段后,它带来的认识将会被它造成
的限制所超过。
【解析】该句 有 两 个 分 句,Metaphorsallowinsightanddiscoverybutareinevitablypartial是 分 句 一,其 中
Metaphors是主语,allowinsightanddiscovery是谓语结构1(谓语+宾语),but是连词,areinevitablypartial
是谓语结构2(系动词+状语+表语)。andtherewillcomeapoint…为分句二的主句,其中and为连接词,
there是 状 语,willcome 是 谓 语,apoint… 为 主 语,后 面 跟 着 一 个 修 饰 point 的 定 语 从 句 whenthe
understandingtheyallowwillbeoutweighedby…limitstheyimpose。
49.【答案】现代神经科学的矛盾在于,我们拥有的大脑数据规模史无前例,但是说明大脑如何运转的理论却几乎
不见踪影。
【解析】该句主句是 Theparadoxofneurosciencetodayisthat…,其中 Theparadoxofneuroscience为主语,today为
时间状语,is是系动词,that后面引导表语从句 wepossessan…brainbutbarely…theorytoexplain…works。
50.【答案】当被问及解决办法时,阅读首份报道的受试者大多建议更严厉的执法和刑罚,而拿到第二份报道的受试
者则更愿意提议社会改革,比如改良经济或医疗体制。
【解析】该句由一个时间状语从句与两个分句构成,When(theyare)askedforsolutions为省略“主语+be动
词”的时间状语从句,thosewhoreadthefirstreportsuggestedmostlytougher…punishments为分句一,其中
those是主语,whoreadthefirstreport是定语从句,suggested为谓语,mostly为状语,tougher…punishments
为宾 语,分 句 二 是 whilethosepresented…second were more willingto propose…reformssuchas…
improvements,其 中 while是 引 导 词,those是 主 语,presented…second 为 后 置 定 语,were为 系 动 词,more
willing是表语,topropose…reforms是状语,suchas…improvements是reforms的同位语。
SectionIII Writing
51.【参考范文】
DearSirorMadam,
Iam writingthislettertoexplorethepossibilityofemploymentwithyourEnglishdepartmentasanEnglish
teacher.Iamconvincedthatmyhighqualificationscombinedwithmuchworkingexperienceperfectlymatchthe
position.
IgraduatedfromBeijingForeignStudiesUniversitywithaMasterdegreeinEnglish.Inaddition,Itaughtin
afewcollegesduring my MAdegreestudies.Furthermore,my MAgraduationthesisfocusedontheteaching
skillsofEnglishteachers.
Iherewithenclosemyresume.Ifyouhaveaneedinmyfieldofexpertise,Iwouldbehappytodiscussany
possibilities.Thankyouverymuchforreceivingmyapplication.IhopeIwillhearfromyousoon.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
·20· 模拟试卷一
