致用英语(第二版)综合教程4(智慧版)样章

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致用英语(第二版)综合教程4(智慧版)样章

4总 主 编:刘黛琳 副总主编:丁国声 程晓堂主 编:程晓堂A COMPREHENSIVE ENGLISH COURSE 《致用英语 综合教程》(第二版)是此系列教材的核心教程,共四级,每级包括学生用书和教师用书。本教程内容丰富生动、设计新颖灵活,具有以下特色:每单元由话题展开、阅读A、语言运用、阅读B、项目、文化点滴、学习策略七个板块组成,形成一个完整的语言学习过程。采用以任务为主的活动设计思路,通过操作性强的语言实践活动,全方位地提高学生的语言应用能力。设计“文化点滴”和“学习策略”两个板块,注重提高学生的跨文化交际意识,培养学生的自主学习能力。《致用英语》是供高职高专英语专业学生使用的系列教材,包括《综合教程》(第二版)、《口语教程》、《听力教程》、《阅读教程》、《写作教程》、《语法教程》、《英语国家概况》(第二版)和《英语报刊阅读》。本系列教材根据高职高专英语专业的教学现状和改革方向,由国内英语教育专家和高职高专英语教学一线的教师联合编写,旨在以全新的理念、实用的内容,着重培养学生的综合职业素质,提高学生的英语应用能力。定价:58.90元项目负责:朱书义责任编辑:武春华责任校对... [收起]
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致用英语(第二版)综合教程4(智慧版)样章
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第1页

4

总 主 编:刘黛琳 副总主编:丁国声 程晓堂

主 编:程晓堂

A COMPREHENSIVE ENGLISH COURSE

《致用英语 综合教程》(第二版)是此系列教材的核心教程,共四级,每

级包括学生用书和教师用书。本教程内容丰富生动、设计新颖灵活,具有以下

特色:

每单元由话题展开、阅读A、语言运用、阅读B、项目、文化点滴、学习策

略七个板块组成,形成一个完整的语言学习过程。

采用以任务为主的活动设计思路,通过操作性强的语言实践活动,全方位

地提高学生的语言应用能力。

设计“文化点滴”和“学习策略”两个板块,注重提高学生的跨文化交际

意识,培养学生的自主学习能力。

《致用英语》是供高职高专英语专业学生使用的系列教

材,包括《综合教程》(第二版)、《口语教程》、《听

力教程》、《阅读教程》、《写作教程》、《语法教

程》、《英语国家概况》(第二版)和《英语报刊阅

读》。本系列教材根据高职高专英语专业的教学现状和改

革方向,由国内英语教育专家和高职高专英语教学一线的

教师联合编写,旨在以全新的理念、实用的内容,着重培

养学生的综合职业素质,提高学生的英语应用能力。

定价:58.90元

项目负责:朱书义

责任编辑:武春华

责任校对:田海宁

封面设计:孙敬沂

版式设计:高 蕾

http://heep.unipus.cn

智慧版 综合教程 第二版

经全国职业教育教材审定委员会审定

“十二五”职业教育国家规划教材

综合教程

4第二版智慧版

C

M

Y

CM

MY

CY

CMY

K

第2页

Map of the book

Starting your

career

• Job interview

• DOs and DON’Ts at job

interviews

A. Job-seeker tips for making

good first impressions

B. T h e i m p o r t a n c e o f

internships

How to make new

friends As… as structure Compound adjectives

ending with -ed A job interview

Some tips on

American and British

business culture

What to do when your

mind goes blank

Story time

• A modern version of Little Red

Riding Hood

• The traditional version of Little

Red Riding Hood

A. Parson’s pleasure

B. How I found my fashion

style

Extend a story Present participles Onomatopoeic words Story time

Five important

elements of a short

story

Tips for reading

literature

The age of time • The invention of the clock

• Time quotes

A. Escape from time

B. The history of clocks

How to tell

time without

time measuring

devices

Sentence fragments Comment adverbs

Ancient Chinese

methods of measuring

time

Time zones Ways to understand a

text better

Beauty and

fashion

• Don’t judge people by

appearances

• Beauty quotes

A. Is beauty only skin

deep?

B. Suffering for fashion: 5

reasons why high heels

hurt feet

What is true

beauty?

Substitution and

ellipsis

Form words by adding

suffixes

Fashion attitude

survey Fashion capital Surround yourself with

English

Corporate life • Starting a business

• Business success quotes

A. Corporate presentations

B. Bill Gates—a story of

business success

Signs of a losing

corporation

Difference between

sit and seat

Use words in a

different word class

Deliver a slide

presentation

Pay gap in the

European Union

How to prepare and

deliver a presentation

Mind over matter • Influence of mind on body

• Ageing quotes

A. Can you “think” yourself

younger?

B. How do you talk to

yourself?

Combat stress as

a college student Quantifiers Words ending with -ing How to cope with

stress

Caring for ageing

Americans Reading strategies

The ecosystem • Global warming

• Environmental problems

A. Humpty Dumpty and

the ghosts

B. Sahara Desert greening

due to climate change?

How to safeguard

the future of

mankind

As as a conjunction Word formation Design a wall

newspaper Greenpeace Features of narrative

texts

Protect your

privacy online

• Blogs

• Cyber security awareness

A. Protect your privacy

online

B. Social media networks

are not always our

friends

The importance

of online privacy

protection

Determiners Phrasal verbs with get A speech on Internet

security

Practical tips for

protecting online

privacy

How to deal with

mistakes in English

study

Popular science

• Beware false claims of popular

science

• A quiz on science knowledge

A. When science is a siren

song

B. Low-tech fixes for hightech problems

Introduce a

famous scientist Conjunctions Affixes related to

science Science projects The Nobel Prize

Teach what you’ve

learned to another

person

Advertising

• Pros and cons of advertising

• The negative effects of

advertising

A. “Here is to your health”

B. How to make your

advertising more

successful

Your favourite

advertisement

Participles as

adjectives Verb collocation Create an

advertisement

Cross-cultural

advertising

How to improve your

listening

UNIT

1

P 001

Topic Reading Writing Listening and speaking

UNIT

2

P 025

UNIT

3

P 049

UNIT

4

P 070

UNIT

5

P 093

UNIT

6

P 117

UNIT

7

P 141

UNIT

8

P 163

UNIT

9

P 187

UNIT

10

P 210

Appendix: Glossary

第3页

Starting your

career

• Job interview

• DOs and DON’Ts at job

interviews

A. Job-seeker tips for making

good first impressions

B. T h e i m p o r t a n c e o f

internships

How to make new

friends As… as structure Compound adjectives

ending with -ed A job interview

Some tips on

American and British

business culture

What to do when your

mind goes blank

Story time

• A modern version of Little Red

Riding Hood

• The traditional version of Little

Red Riding Hood

A. Parson’s pleasure

B. How I found my fashion

style

Extend a story Present participles Onomatopoeic words Story time

Five important

elements of a short

story

Tips for reading

literature

The age of time • The invention of the clock

• Time quotes

A. Escape from time

B. The history of clocks

How to tell

time without

time measuring

devices

Sentence fragments Comment adverbs

Ancient Chinese

methods of measuring

time

Time zones Ways to understand a

text better

Beauty and

fashion

• Don’t judge people by

appearances

• Beauty quotes

A. Is beauty only skin

deep?

B. Suffering for fashion: 5

reasons why high heels

hurt feet

What is true

beauty?

Substitution and

ellipsis

Form words by adding

suffixes

Fashion attitude

survey Fashion capital Surround yourself with

English

Corporate life • Starting a business

• Business success quotes

A. Corporate presentations

B. Bill Gates—a story of

business success

Signs of a losing

corporation

Difference between

sit and seat

Use words in a

different word class

Deliver a slide

presentation

Pay gap in the

European Union

How to prepare and

deliver a presentation

Mind over matter • Influence of mind on body

• Ageing quotes

A. Can you “think” yourself

younger?

B. How do you talk to

yourself?

Combat stress as

a college student Quantifiers Words ending with -ing How to cope with

stress

Caring for ageing

Americans Reading strategies

The ecosystem • Global warming

• Environmental problems

A. Humpty Dumpty and

the ghosts

B. Sahara Desert greening

due to climate change?

How to safeguard

the future of

mankind

As as a conjunction Word formation Design a wall

newspaper Greenpeace Features of narrative

texts

Protect your

privacy online

• Blogs

• Cyber security awareness

A. Protect your privacy

online

B. Social media networks

are not always our

friends

The importance

of online privacy

protection

Determiners Phrasal verbs with get A speech on Internet

security

Practical tips for

protecting online

privacy

How to deal with

mistakes in English

study

Popular science

• Beware false claims of popular

science

• A quiz on science knowledge

A. When science is a siren

song

B. Low-tech fixes for hightech problems

Introduce a

famous scientist Conjunctions Affixes related to

science Science projects The Nobel Prize

Teach what you’ve

learned to another

person

Advertising

• Pros and cons of advertising

• The negative effects of

advertising

A. “Here is to your health”

B. How to make your

advertising more

successful

Your favourite

advertisement

Participles as

adjectives Verb collocation Create an

advertisement

Cross-cultural

advertising

How to improve your

listening

Grammar Vocabulary Project Culture tips Learning

to learn

第4页

Starting your career1

PB 1

In this unit you will learn

• how to make good first impressions

• how to use the as... as structure

• how to use compound adjectives ending with -ed

• some tips on American and British business culture

Starting your career

Unit 1

FLTRP

第5页

综合教程 致用英语 A comprehensive English course

2 3

Around the topic

Your ideas

There is a saying that goes “A good beginning is half success.” Starting a career has

always been an important thing for young people. To some extent, how well you start

decides how well you will end up.

How important are the following things for those who are just starting a

career? Circle a number (1=the least important, 5=the most important).

When you finish, compare your responses with your partner.

1 Spend enough time hunting for jobs. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

2 Ask friends for job information. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

3 Evaluate job offers carefully. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

4 Nail a job interview. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

5 Take the job that pays the highest salary. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

6 Stay in the entry-level job for at least 2 or 3 years. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

7 Work hard to gain credibility. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

8 Establish good relations with colleagues. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

9 Take chances of networking. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

10 Dress and speak properly. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

11 Try to please your superiors. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

12 Ask parents for financial support. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

FLTRP

第6页

Starting your career1

2 3

Vocabulary

The words given in the table below describe some good qualities of career

starters. What do these words mean? What are their opposites?

Qualities Meaning Opposites

confident feeling sure you can do things well unconfident; insecure

organised

punctual

cooperative

hard-working

modest

patient

vigorous

sociable

sincere

responsible

dedicated

Listening and speaking

A. Mary Crystal is the Personnel Manager of a large hotel group. She has just

interviewed some applicants for a job as a reception clerk. Below are some

notes that Ms. Crystal made about five interviewees. Listen to the extracts

from the five interviews and match the notes with the interviewees.

Interviewee □Replies were not clear, difficult to understand. Poor communication skills.

Interviewee □Too many personal problems.

FLTRP

第7页

综合教程 致用英语 A comprehensive English course

4 5

Interviewee □ Replies were too long, and the information was off the point.

Interviewee □ Only interested in money and holidays!

Interviewee □ Knew nothing about the job. Not interested.

B. Listen again. Write down the questions Ms. Crystal asked.

C. What should be done and what shouldn’t be done when you answer a job

interviewer’s questions? Work in groups and fill in the table with DOs and

DON’Ts at job interviews.

DOs DON’Ts

Reading A

Pre-reading tasks

a. Do you know the story of Tarzan? If

not, ask your partner about it.

b. Look at the pictures on the next page.

What is Tarzan trying to do? How

well does he do it?

c. Are you a “Me Tarzan! You Jane!”

type of person? How can you avoid

shyness when meeting people for the

first time?

When reading how-to articles, it

is important to follow sign-post

words. Scan for order linkers,

such as first, next, third, finally,

etc., and you will get the gist!

FLTRP

第8页

Starting your career1

4 5

Okay… how do you do? My

name is Tarzan, and I believe

you are known as Jane.

Damn.

Reading comprehension

Life is all about making good first

impressions with the people we meet.

This article provides tips for making good

first impressions in business and networking

situations, in job interviews, and when you are

starting a new job.

1.

When meeting people for the first time,

whether for career networking or client

meetings, it’s essential that you look the part.

In other words, you must dress for the specific

occasion. Conduct a little research or contact the

Job-seeker tips for making good first impressions

Allow me to introduce

myself… I am Tarzan,

Lord of the Jungle…

And you?

You must be Jane… I am Tarzan.

It is a pleasure to meet you.

There she is.

Me Tarzan! You Jane!

1

4

2

5

3

FLTRP

6

第9页

综合教程 致用英语 A comprehensive English course

6 7

organisation responsible for the event to uncover the proper attire. If you can’t be certain, it’s

always better to be overdressed than underdressed. And it’s not just what you are wearing—but

how you’re wearing it, so make sure your clothing is clean and well-pressed.

Grooming is also an important part of first impressions. Hair should be neat—and certainly

not windswept. For men, facial hair should be either nonexistent or well-maintained. For

women, less make-up is always better than too much. A light perfume or cologne is acceptable,

but be careful of overwhelming the people in the room. Finally, a minimal amount of tasteful

jewelry is best.

A small, but relatively unknown fact about name tags—they should be worn on the person’s

right shoulder area so that when someone approaches to greet and shake his/her hand, the

person’s eyes follow the arm right up to the name tag, making it much easier to greet the

person—rather than looking all the way over to the other side of the person.

Next up for first impressions are the handshake and greeting. Handshakes should be

simple—extend right hand and grasp gently but firmly. No bone-crushers and no four-handed,

one-hand-over-the-other shakes. And no sweaty handshakes. If your nerves cause you to get

wet palms, carry a handkerchief in your pocket and wipe your hand before you do the meet and

greet. The greeting should be short and simple, making certain you listen for the other person’s

name. For example, I might greet someone in a business setting as, “Hi. I’m Dr. Randall

Hansen, founder of Quintessential Careers.” Be certain to speak clearly and properly.

To nail the good impression you’re trying to make, the last tip when you’re in this setting is

not to make the conversation all about you. You want to engage the other person in conversation,

making certain to use his/her name for emphasis. You can, of course, talk about yourself, but

don’t make the whole conversation about you—and keep stories short. Look for common

ground with the person you’re talking to, and share stories about that common interest. And, of

course, avoid talking about controversial subjects, such as religion, politics, and sex. If you’re

naturally funny, you might use humour, and show your serious side also.

2.

Because the job interview is usually your first face-to-face with the employers, first

impressions are especially crucial. Arrive about 15 minutes early so that you have time to find

the exact office, perhaps with a stop at a restroom to conduct a final grooming check—as well as

possibly complete some paperwork before the interview starts. Always be polite to the support

staff, as the impression you make with them will often be factored into the hiring decision. Of

course, dressing for success and proper grooming are essential. Never arrive with any kind of

food in your mouth or on your teeth, and try not to smoke right before the interview. Turn off

your mobile phone on the way to the interview. In the interview, smiling and making strong eye

FLTRP

第10页

Starting your career1

6 7

contact are important elements to establishing a good impression. Answering interview questions

with ease (showcasing your interview preparation) and asking questions of the interviewer are

vital to making a good impression. A great way to cement a strong first impression is writing a

thank-you note after the interview.

3.

The first impressions you make with your co-workers and supervisor will go a long way to

building a solid reputation for yourself. In those first days and weeks, you’ll want to arrive a bit

early, take no more than your allotted breaks during the day, leave no earlier than the majority

of the others in your area, and avoid calling in sick or taking personal days. In terms of actual

work, you’ll want to show your team spirit by supporting team members, perhaps even offering

to take on a bit more than usual. Listen more than talk in those early days, and certainly do

not showboat until you have firmly established your reputation as a solid worker and team

player. And it should go without saying, but stay clear of all office politics and gossip. Finally,

remember to keep your personal communications—email, IM, and phone—to a minimum while

at work.

4.

You might think that making a good first impression is really about using common sense—

and you would be correct. At the same time, we constantly hear horror stories from recruiters

and employers about the unfortunate things jobseekers do—resulting in extremely poor first (and

often last) impressions. Use your common sense—and follow the tips in this article— and you

will go far in making a good first impression.

Reading A

New Words & Expressions

New Words

allotted/əˈlɒtid/ adj. 分配的

approach/əˈprəʊtʃ/ v. 接近

attire/əˈtaɪə/ n. 服装

cement/sɪˈment/ v. 加强

controversial/ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃəl/ adj. 有争议的

essential/ɪˈsenʃəl/ adj. 极其重要的

gossip/ˈɡɒsɪp/ n. 流言蜚语,闲话

grooming/ˈgruːmɪŋ/ n. 整理仪容

FLTRP

第11页

综合教程 致用英语 A comprehensive English course

8 9

A. Below are the headings for the four parts in the text. Read the text and match

the headings with the four parts.

a. Final thoughts

b. In business and networking situations

c. In job interviews

d. When starting a new job

B. What tips does the text provide under each heading? Find key words from the

text and write them in the table below. When you finish, compare your notes

with your partner.

In business and networking

situations In job interviews When starting a new job

minimal/ˈmɪnɪməl/ adj. 最少的

nail/neɪl/ v. 加强,强化

overdressed/ˌəʊvəˈdrest/ adj. 穿着过于正式的

paperwork/ˈpeɪpəwɜːk/ n. 资料,文件

showboat/ˈʃəʊbəʊt/ v. 炫耀自己

showcase/ˈʃəʊkeɪs/ v. 展示

underdressed/ˌʌndəˈdrest/ adj. 穿着过于随便的

well-pressed/ˈwelˈprest/ adj. 熨烫平整的

windswept/ˈwɪndswept/ adj. (头发)被风吹乱的

Phrases & Expressions

common ground 共同话题

engage sb. in conversation 开始与某人攀谈

look the part 得体

FLTRP

第12页

Starting your career1

8 9

C. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

( ) 1. If you are not certain about how to dress for a specific business

occasion, it’s better to be underdressed than to be overdressed.

( ) 2. In business and networking settings, you should be active and talkative,

and dominate the conversation.

( ) 3. In job interviews, to leave a good first impression, you should be serious

and professional, and avoid smiling or being humorous.

( ) 4. To demonstrate your ability to your colleagues, you should talk more

than listen when you start your job.

( ) 5. You should show your team spirit by supporting team members and

even offering to do more than usual.

D. Do you agree with the following statements? Discuss in groups.

1. Formal dressing gives you authority.

2. A casual appearance is more relaxed and friendly.

3. People feel more comfortable when wearing clothes similar to those of others

around.

4. “Talk less and do more” is a good work philosophy.

A. The words and expressions in the left column of the table below may be new

to you, but there are plenty of clues in the text which can help you to guess

their meaning. Read the text again and find the clues.

Words/expressions Clues in the text

look the part

attire

overdressed

underdressed

grooming

Vocabulary and structure

FLTRP

第13页

综合教程 致用英语 A comprehensive English course

10 11

Words/expressions Clues in the text

cologne

bone-crushers

nail (a good impression)

common ground

crucial

showcase

stay clear of

B. Complete the following sentences with the adjectives below.

essential specific nonexistent acceptable

tasteful controversial minimal proper

1. Good food and plenty of exercise are ____________ to a healthy life.

2. This is a game that is suitable for ____________ age groups.

3. On an early Sunday morning traffic was almost ____________.

4. Smoking is no longer considered ____________ in many countries.

5. This room is furnished with ____________ furnishings and original artwork.

6. I tried to avoid ____________ topics, such as religion and politics.

7. This is a practical course, with only a(n) ____________ amount of theory.

8. We need to put the books back in their ____________ place.

C. In English, many structures can be used to give advice or suggestions,

depending on how strong people feel about what is suggested. The

following sentences are taken from the text. Decide if they are strong,

medium strong, or weak suggestions. Write S, MS or W in brackets.

( ) 1. …it’s essential that you look the part.

( ) 2. In other words, you must dress for the specific occasion.

FLTRP

第14页

Starting your career1

10 11

( ) 3. For men, facial hair should be either nonexistent or well-maintained.

( ) 4. No bone-crushers and no four-handed, one-hand-over-the-other shakes.

( ) 5. And no sweaty handshakes.

( ) 6. The greeting should be short and simple…

( ) 7. You want to engage the other person in conversation…

( ) 8. You can, of course, talk about yourself.

( ) 9. If you’re naturally funny, you might use humour, and show your

serious side also.

( ) 10. …perhaps with a stop at a restroom to conduct a final grooming

check—as well as possibly complete some paperwork before the

interview starts.

( ) 11. Never arrive with any kind of food in your mouth or on your teeth…

Writing

Nowadays young people often have parties, at which they meet and get to know

each other. However, not everyone is good at getting to know others. According

to your own experiences, what do you think people should do, can do, or might do

at parties when they meet new people? Write an essay of about 200 words on this

issue to help people at your age. You may begin by writing an outline.

Guidelines:

It’s very helpful to write an outline before you start writing the essay. An outline

is an important organisational device that will help you to construct a logically

developed, unified, and coherent essay. Practices of writing outlines vary widely.

● You may write an outline which includes the main ideas in each paragraph.

● You may just list all the important points about your subject matter based on

the main theme of the essay.

● Another common way is to write an introduction and a conclusion for your

essay, so the bulk of the outline is devoted to how the body of the essay is

developed.

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第15页

综合教程 致用英语 A comprehensive English course

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Language in use

Test your grammar

Rewrite the following sentences using the as… as structure without changing the

meaning of the original sentences. The first one has been done for you.

1. Jack is younger than he looks.

Jack isn’t as old as he looks.

2. You spent more money than me.

I didn’t spend ________________________.

3. The station was nearer than I thought.

The station wasn’t ____________________.

4. The meal cost less than I expected.

The meal didn’t cost __________________.

5. I go out less than I used to.

I don’t _____________________________.

Grammar development: As... as structure

We use as… as with an adjective or adverb in between to say that something or

someone is like something or someone else, or that one situation is like another, e.g.

● Was the film as funny as his last one?

● Tom came round to my flat as quickly as he could.

The negative form of this structure can be not as… as,

or not so… as, e.g.

● Tom’s not as old as you, is he?

● I wouldn’t go so far as that.

In formal speech and writing, it is more common to

use less… than, e.g.

● Tickets were less expensive than I had expected.

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Starting your career1

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A. Complete the following sentences with not as… as or less… than.

1. I am quite tall but you are taller.

I am _________________________________________________________

2. My salary is high but yours is higher.

My salary is ___________________________________________________

3. It’s still cold but it was colder yesterday.

It is __________________________________________________________

4. You know a bit about cars but I know more.

You know _____________________________________________________

5. Tickets are usually expensive, but tickets this year are cheaper than we have

expected.

Tickets are ____________________________________________________

B. Maggie and Ray have just moved into a new house. Maggie is talking to Ann

about it. Look at the extracts from the conversation and correct any mistakes.

1. Ann: Ray told me the people next door are very noisy.

Maggie: Shhh! Not as loud. They’ll hear you. Actually, they’re not so bad

neighbours as we first thought.

2. Maggie: The previous owners wanted as many as £75,000 for it, but £70,000

was so high as we could go.

3. Ann: How large a garage have you got?

Maggie: It’s very small. In fact we can’t get our car in, but that is not too

big problem. We can park it outside.

4. Maggie: It’s not such beautiful garden, but it’s okay for us. The main

problem is a huge tree as few as three meters from the house,

which keeps out the light.

5. Ann: Do you think Ray will be happy here?

Maggie: Well, I’m not as sure. He still has a long journey to work, and will

be in the car for as many as three hours a day.

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综合教程 致用英语 A comprehensive English course

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Grammar tips

1. 表示比较意义时,我们经常用到 as… as,not as… as,twice as… as,the same

as…,…than…等结构。例如:

Let’s walk. It’s just as quick as taking the bus.

Henry isn’t as rich as Shirley. 或者

Shirley is richer than Henry is.

Petrol is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago.

Tom’s salary is the same as mine. 或者

Tom gets the same salary as me.

2. 在比较两个人或事物的不同时,than/as 后面常用人称代词的宾格形式 me/him/her/

them/us. 试比较:

You are taller than me. ( 不用 than I)

He is not as handsome as him. ( 不用 as he)

I can’t run as fast as her. ( 不用 as she)

Vocabulary building:

Compound adjectives ending with -ed

In English there are many compound adjectives

which end with an -ed form, such as overdressed,

underdressed and well-maintained in Reading A.

These adjectives are usually made up of two or more

words that can be joined by a hyphen and often

appear as a single word. Usually we can work out

the meaning of this kind of compound adjectives by

looking at the components that form the words.

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Starting your career1

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A. Fill in each blank with a word below to form a new compound adjective.

Check the unknown words in a dictionary.

absent light brown bright wide kind

warm narrow bald pig empty serious

1. ____________ 2. ___________

____________ -eyed ___________ -hearted

____________ ___________

3. ____________ 4. ___________

____________ -headed ___________ -minded

____________ ___________

B. The following are some other compound adjectives ending with -ed. Try

to figure out the meaning of the following words and put them in the

sentences.

sweet-tempered understaffed underdeveloped well-pressed

kind-hearted strong-willed overemphasised well-maintained

1. Jane is a beautiful, good-natured and ____________ girl.

2. He was kept busy writing lectures because the department was seriously

____________.

3. The community services are underfunded and ____________.

4. In the past, examinations were ____________.

5. At the age of 79, she is as ____________ as she ever was.

6. Being a(n) ____________ woman, she felt sorry for the poor child.

7. A(n) ____________ campus environment should have both sports activities

and library branches equally funded.

8. A clean, ____________ shirt is necessary for an office

lady.

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第19页

综合教程 致用英语 A comprehensive English course

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Reading B

Pre-reading tasks

Have you ever done an internship at college? Is an internship important for a

student before graduation? If yes, in what way? Discuss these questions with your

classmates.

Reading comprehension

I

nternships are known for giving students the opportunity to apply their

knowledge in real world environments. At the same time, they will also develop

skills which will help them perform better at their jobs.

Internships greatly increase the chances that a student will gain full-time

employment after graduation. In this article, we will look at internships, and how they

can assist students in performing well at their jobs.

One problem commonly cited by employers is that many graduates do not have

the practical skills necessary to excel in the job market. They also feel that the

professionalism of students is less than it should be. Even though there are a large

number of theories on how to encourage employees and increase profits, it is apparent

that enhanced levels of education are not enough to prepare students for a real world

environment. Being able to improve these weaknesses will make graduates much more

effective in their careers.

By using internships, students are provided with experience that will make them

stronger. In addition to this, their work ethic will increase, and they will be confident

in their abilities. Internships will also allow students to learn about time management,

discipline, and effective communication skills. In the business world, critical thinking

skills are very important. Graduates must be able to make quick decisions which

are based on logic. Internships will teach students how to excel in a large number of

different organisations and industries. When students use internships, they will bring

The importance of internships

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Starting your career1

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benefits to themselves as well as their employers.

Because many employers feel that some students

lack the practical experience to excel in the real

world, internships have become more important

than ever before. Those who choose to participate

in internships will be granted credits towards their

graduation by many colleges.

There are a variety of different companies

which offer internships to students. These include

corporations, non-profit organisations, and other

institutions. When looking for internships, it is

important to understand what employers want. A

number of studies have shown that there are five

attributes that employers are looking for.

These attributes are motivation, leadership, oral

communication skills, experience, and interpersonal

skills. There are a number of employees who naturally have these skills. However, it

should be noted that most employees don’t have these traits, and they must be taught.

When students go through mentoring programmes, they must learn to solve problems

and communicate effectively. In addition to this, it is also important to know how to

use different forms of media and technology. When looking at the effectiveness of

internships, it is also crucial to look at case studies.

A study was conducted which included 270 colleges all over the United States.

A total of 350 students were included in this study. Before they could start their

internship, the students were required to take a career development programme. In this

programme the students learned how to conduct an interview and how to enhance their

careers. The results of the study demonstrated that using a variety of different teaching

methods is effective in giving graduates the traits which are desired by employers. The

students gained skills in problem-solving, critical thinking, and computer skills.

The vast majority of students in this study had high and above-average scores. The

students also demonstrated enhanced abilities in the areas of oral communication and

leadership skills. The goals of the study were largely successful. If more colleges and

educational programmes can encourage their students to take internships, it is likely

that many of their graduates would have the skills necessary to succeed. Setting up

the right programme for employees can be a challenging process. The students who

participated in internships performed much better than students who graduated from

the programme without going into internships.

This is evidence that education is not enough to allow graduates to perform at a

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综合教程 致用英语 A comprehensive English course

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Reading B

New Words & Expressions

New Words

apparent/əˈpærənt/ adj. 显然的

apply/əˈplaɪ/ v. 运用

assist/əˈsɪst/ v. 帮助,协助

attribute/ˈætrɪbjuːt/ n. 特性,特质

conduct/ˈkənˈdʌkt/ v. 进行

credit/ˈkredɪt/ n. 学分

enhanced/ɪnˈhɑːnst/ adj. 提高的

excel/ɪkˈsel/ v. 擅长

grant/ɡrɑːnt/ v. 给予

internship/ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp/ n. (尤指学生)实习期的工作

mentoring/ˈmentɔːrɪŋ/ n. 职业辅导制度

trait/treɪt/ n. 显著特点

Phrases & Expressions

analytical skill 分析能力

full-time employment 全职职位

work ethic 职业道德

A. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. What do graduates lack before they start a new job?

a. Professionalism.

b. Theories and knowledge.

c. High levels of education.

d. Computer skills.

higher level. In the real world environment, analytical skills are not enough. Students must

have both interpersonal and leadership abilities. While most colleges are good at teaching

analytical skills, they are lacking when it comes to other characteristics. By effectively using

internships, students will increase their skills and make themselves valuable in the job market.

Their employers will benefit as well, and they can increase the efficiency of their businesses.

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Starting your career1

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2. The internships can provide students with the following benefits except _____.

a. work experience and ethic

b. time management and communication skills

c. attractive salaries and good reputations

d. critical thinking and problem-solving skills

3. According to the study, students who took internships demonstrated the following

abilities except _____.

a. better oral communication skills

b. better foreign language skills

c. better problem-solving skills

d. better leadership skills

B. Discuss the following questions.

1. Why are internships important?

2. What have you learned from this text to get prepared for internships? What kind

of internship will you be interested in doing?

Vocabulary and grammar

A. Match the words in Column A with their meaning in Column B.

1. professionalism a. to do something very well or much better than

most people

2. enhanced b. successful in producing a desired or intended result

3. excel c. the competence or skill expected of a professional

4. discipline d. to give someone something

5. effective e. increased, improved or better

6. grant f. a system where people with a lot of experience,

knowledge etc. advise young people at work

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综合教程 致用英语 A comprehensive English course

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B. Study the use of “it” in the sentences from the text. What does “it” refer to in

each sentence?

…it is apparent that enhanced levels of education are not enough to prepare

students for a real world environment.

…it is important to understand what employers want.

…it is also important to know how to use different forms of media and technology.

Rearrange the following words into correct sentences.

1. it dangerous to walk the in road is

____________________________________________________

2. here us take long it didn’t to get

____________________________________________________

3. pity can’t to it a is you party come that the

____________________________________________________

4. let’s not it is waiting any worth longer go

____________________________________________________

5. wonderful it could finish that in you time is the work

____________________________________________________

C. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. 这次面试是用英语进行的。(conduct)

2. 你将受聘协助开发新设备。(assist)

3. 这些想法常常很难实际应用。(apply)

4. 里克一向擅长外语。(excel)

5. 一名优秀的经理应该具备哪些素质?(attribute)

7. naturally g. the ability to control your own behaviour, so that

you do what you are expected to do

8. mentoring h. normally, not surprisingly

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Starting your career1

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Project

A job interview

Step 1 Interview questions

Read through the 9 interview questions

with a partner. What kind of questions are

they? Classify them into five categories

marked A, B, C, D, E.

A Conversation opening questions.

B Questions about skills and qualifications.

C Questions about your personality.

D Questions about salaries and working

conditions.

E Questions about your ambitions.

1. Why are you interested in this company/

position?

2. What do you hope to gain by working with

us?

3. How do you feel we would benefit most by

hiring you?

4. Which are your strong points/weak points?

5.How do you handle criticism?

6. What problems did you encounter and how

did you overcome them?

7. What salary are you looking for?

8.Do you enjoy working with other people?

9.Would you tell me something about

yourself?

Step 2 Job advertisement

Read the following job advertisement.

What qualifications do you think the

advertisers are looking for?

● Are you interested in a career in retail store

management?

● We have vacancies for 16 trainee retail

managers, to start working in September!

● We offer full training in all areas of retailing.

● We offer an attractive salary and benefits

with good prospects for future promotion.

Step 3 Role-play

Role-play an interview for the job of

intern retail manager. The interviewer should

prepare questions and be professional. The

interviewee should answer questions with

ease and ask questions of the interviewer.

Step 4 Act out the play

Invite several pairs to act out the play in

front of the class. The rest of the class should

make comments on the interview and offer

advice on how to improve the interviewee’s

performance.

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综合教程 致用英语 A comprehensive English course

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Tips on American business culture

Tip 1 Americans value straight talking

and “getting to the point”.

Tip 2 Respect is earned through

conspicuous achievement rather

than through age or background.

Tip 3 Self-deprecation is often

misunderstood by Americans

as a sign of weakness. Sell your

plus points.

Tip 4 Humour is frequently used

in business situations but is

unlikely to be appreciated when

matters become very tense.

Culture tips

Some tips on American and British business culture

Knowledge of cultural differences is one of the keys to international business success.

Improving cultural awareness can help companies build international competitiveness and enable

individuals to become more globally sensitive. The following tips will be of great help to you in

your business.

Tips on British business culture

Tip 1 British companies tend to develop managers to

be “generalists” rather than “specialists” and

managers are expected to be interested in, and

take a view on, a wide number of topic areas.

Tip 2 Recent years have seen a change in working

patterns with many people moving jobs on a

reasonably frequent basis.

Tip 3 British organisations have moved away from

the traditional hierarchical models of the past

towards a much flatter system. In the process,

many layers of management have been

removed.

Tip 4 Job descriptions in the UK are often very

unclear and imprecise, leaving a potential

vacuum in ownership of tasks and decisions.

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Starting your career1

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Tip 5 The value of pure academic education is

viewed with some suspicion. Respect is earned

through experience rather than qualification.

It is rare to see a professor or doctor on the

senior management committee of a large UK

company.

Tip 6 Managers find it difficult to articulate direct

instructions and will often couch instructions in

very diplomatic language.

Tip 7 There are a lot of meetings in the UK and they

often fail to produce the desired decision.

Tip 8 The British do less empirical preparation for

meetings than other nationalities—seeing

the meeting as a forum for debating potential

solutions.

Tip 5 Remember that time is money

—wasting people’s time

through vagueness will not

produce good results.

Tip 6 Compromise is often sought—

at the brink. This can often

equate to the end of a quarter or

financial year.

Tip 7 Do not be offended by personal

questions.

Tip 8 Dress code in the States is

very variable—check on

the appropriate mode before

departure.

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第27页

综合教程 致用英语 A comprehensive English course

24 PB

Learning

to learn

Learning

to learn What to do when your mind goes blank

According to most surveys the number one fear of most people is the

fear of giving a speech. And the greatest fear of all—at least when it comes

to speaking—is the fear of having your mind go completely blank.

Here’s the solution.

Back up.

Summarise the point you just finished making. Often, repeating your previous point,

like retracing your steps before taking a leap, will give you momentum to carry you

forwards.

Check your notes.

Even if you speak without a podium, keep your notes—at least an outline—nearby

just in case something happens.

Ask your audience for help.

Say, “I got so caught up in what I was saying that I lost my place. Where was

I?” Someone will tell you. (This is especially true if earlier in your introduction you

enumerated your main points.) Making your audience part of your presentation is a good

thing.

Say something.

Say anything. The longer you remain silent, grasping for exactly the right word, the

you’re your anxiety (and the audience’s) will grow. Try to recall anything relevant to your

speech, the audience, or the occasion, and say it. Once you begin talking, your memory

will most likely kick into gear. Remember that your audience wants you to succeed. (Your

mind is much more likely, by the way, to go blank, if you’re trying to memorise your

speech. Don’t focus on saying exactly the right words. Focus, instead, on communicating

the concepts you have in mind.)

FLTRP

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