预学与导学

文成勇 主编

英语

八年级下

图书在版编目(CIP)数据

预学与导学．英语八年级下／文成勇主编．一杭
州：浙江教育出版社，2024.1(2024.12重印)ISBN 978-7-5722-7518-0I. ① 预.…Ⅱ. ① 文.…Ⅲ. ① 英语课一初中一教学参
考资料IⅣ. ① G634中国国家版本馆CIP数据核字(2024)第020626号

预学与导学英语 八年级下YUXUE YU DAOXUE YINGYU BA NIANJI XIA文成勇主编

出 版 浙江教育出版社(杭州市环城北路177号电话：0571-88909726)
发行 浙江省新华书店集团有限公司
\blacktriangleright 责任编辑 朱所以
\blacktriangleright 营销编辑 滕建红
\blacktriangleright 责任校对 何奕
\blacktriangleright 装帧设计 曾国兴
\blacktriangleright 责任印务 陈沁
\blacktriangleright 图文制作 杭州天一图文制作有限公司
印 刷 杭州杭新印务有限公司
\blacktriangleright 开 本 787mmx1092mm 1/16
印 张 8.75
字 数 175 000
\blacktriangleright 版 次 2024年1月第1版
印 次 2024年12月第2次印刷
\blacktriangleright 标准书号 ISBN 978-7-5722-7518-0
定 价 11.01元

编写说明

我们以教育部颁布的义务教育课程标准所倡导的理念为指导，吸纳杭州市萧山区“导学新范式"课题的最新研究成果，精心编写了“预学与导学”丛书。本套丛书从学生学习的实际出发，通过栏目的多元化设置，以导定教，以导定学，突出学习过程中的“导学”作用；通过创新性内容的设定，有效指导学生自主学习，发掘学生的学习潜能。同时，注重基础知识和基本技能的落实，探究能力和科学素养的培养，以及情感态度与价值观的渗透等，切实做到“轻负高效”。

本套丛书与教科书同步，既方便教师在课堂上“教”，也有利于学生在课内外“学”与“练”。为了帮助学生更好地进行课前预习、课堂练习和课后复习,我们在编写过程中,设置了多样化的栏目。“预学与导学英语”的栏目设置如下：“知识点导航”，对每课时的语言学习目标、有关知识点进行说明和梳理，帮助学生掌握重点词汇、重点句型和语法知识。“我预学”，课前预习作业主要是唤起学生对已有的知识储备中相关知识的回忆，沟通新旧知识间的联系，提前感知“无须教便能基本掌握的新知识”,注重与课中同步,服务课中。“我练习”,课堂练习作业时间控制在3一4分钟，既有口头的题目，也有笔头的题目，让学生当堂练习，当堂反馈,教师当堂指导。还安排了难点作业,为课后作业做铺垫,提高课后作业的正确率。“我巩固”,课后巩固作业注重积累性,全方位地巩固学生的学习,促成学生语言学习习惯的养成，体现了基础性、层次性、综合性和滚动性。

我们在编写过程中力求做到：选题典型化,突出针对性；形式多样化，追求过程性；内容弹性化,体现差异性。希望本套丛书能真正成为学生学习的帮手、教师授课的助手。

由于编写时间仓促，难免有疏漏之处，恳请广大师生在使用过程中提出宝贵的意见，以利于我们今后修订，使之臻于完美。

编者

目录

Unit 1 What's the matter?
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks. 11
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 21
Unit 4Why don't you talk to your parents? 33
Unit 5 it 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 44
Unit 6 6An old man tried to move the mountains. 54
Unit 7 it 7 What's the highest mountain in the world? 65
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet? 75
Unit 9Have you ever been to a museum? 86
Unit l0 I've had this bike for three years. 96

Unit 1 What's the matter?

Period 1 (Section A 1a - 2d)

知识点导航

1．能正确朗读和拼写back、arm、ear、eye、foot、hand、head、leg、mouth、neck、 nose、stomach、tooth、throat等表示身体部位的单词。
2.能运用“What's the matter （with ...)? What's wrong (with ...)? I have a cold.”等句型就他人的身体状况进行问答。
3．能理解并运用have a sore back、have a toothache 等来表达身体的不适。

我预学

汉译英。

1．患感冒 2．嗓子疼
3．背疼 4．牙疼
5．头疼 6．胃疼
7．量体温 8．发烧
9．带蜂蜜的热茶 10．拍X光片
11．在.···上涂些药 12．躺下休息

我练习

一、根据句意和首字母提示拼写单词。

1. — What's the m ? I have a s throat.

2. Brush your t twice a day.

3. Tom, your h are too dirty. Wash them before you eat the apple.

4. You should go to a doctor if you have a c

5. Humans use f to walk.

6. People smell with their n

7. I take my t and find out I have a fever.

8. The doctor told me to open my m and say “Ah".

9. He has a toothache. He should see a d

10. Don't read in bed. It's bad for your e

二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。

（eat） too much is bad for your health.

2. Wang Ping is the (drive) of bus No. 26.

3. Jenny cut (she) and her mother put some medicine on the cut.

4. It's important for us (speak) English as much as possible.

5. Drinking milk is good for our (healthy).

6.1 (not feel) well now.

7. Listen! Our English teacher (speak) at the moment.

8. I was ill yesterday, but I feel (well) today.

9. You'd better (not play） football in the street.

10. You need to take (break) away from the computer.

我巩固

语法填空。

Mary was ill, so she went to see the doctor.

"Doctor, I'm not 1. (feel) well, ” said Mary. “Every time I do my homework, I feel tired. If I go to school on foot, I have to sit down and rest 2. a few times."

The doctor looked her over 3. (careful). At last he said, "Nothing serious, 4. I'm afraid you are eating too much."

"I don't understand. 5. do you mean?" asked Mary.

"I mean you eat too 6. food," said the doctor.

"Oh! You mean I'm too heavy. That's a problem," said Mary. “7. should I do?"

"The answer is easy," said 8. doctor. “If you want to be 9. (thin) and healthier, you shouldn't eat a lot of food and you should 10. do more exercise."

知识点导航

1．能正确朗读和拼写 passenger、get off、to one's surprise、agree to do sth.、 trouble、get into trouble、herself等，并能在具体的语境中加以运用。
2．能运用 “What's the matter (with ...)? What's wrong (with ...)?You should / shouldn't..”等句型询问人体不适的症状并给予适当的建议。

我预学

汉译英。

1．躺在路边 2．24岁的司机
3．心脏问题 4．让我惊讶的是
5．同意做某事 6．多亏了
7．跌倒 8．挽救生命
9．反复思考 10．看见某人在做某事

我练习

用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. Linda got hit by a basketball when （talk） with her friend on the playground yesterday.
2. Suddenly, the driver saw a man (lie) on the road.
3. The boy left the room without (say） anything to his mother.
4. They had trouble (finish) the task in a short time.
5. In order to save the baby, the driver expected most passengers (get) off the bus.
6． My mother had a (stomach) yesterday, so I had to stay at home to look after her.
7. The old woman (fall) down the stairs and hurt her leg last week.
8. I saw some boys （play） soccer on the playground at two o'clock yesterday afternoon.

我巩固

完形填空。

Mr. Green was unfriendly. Kids were afraid of going into his garden to pick an apple because he would run after them _1 with his gun(枪).

One day, 12-year-old Janet walked out with her friend Amy. They had to _ 2 Mr. Green's house. 3 they got close, Janet saw him sitting at his front door. Like most kids, 4 was afraid of the old man. But Amy said, “Don't 5

When they got close enough, Mr. Green took an unfriendly look _6_, but when he saw Amy, he gave a big smile. Amy _ 7 back and told him that Janet was her best friend and they were going to listen to music and play games. Mr. Green said that _ 8_ fun, and gave them each an apple.

Later, Janet asked Amy in 9, “Why was he so nice to us?" Amy replied, “At first I was _10_, too. But my grandma told me not to be afraid and to imagine that he was smiling at me. 11 a smile?" asked Janet. "Yes. If I smile back at _12_, sooner or later he will really smile, " continued Amy. “After some time, he started giving real smiles and _13 talked to me. Now, he always gives me a(n) _14 , and is always very kind."

Remember to smile at others. Most people can't _15 _ our smiles and they will smile back.

( )1． A.angrily B. happily C. sadly D. bravely （ )2．A.sell B.build C. pass D. show （ )3．A. Since B. If C. Though D. When ( )4.A.she B. he C. they D. 1 ( )5.A. smile B. worry C. cry D. play （ )6．A. at last B. at least C. as usual D. as others ( )7. A. smiled B. spoke C. shouted D. hit （ )8．A. smelt B. listened C. sounded D. tasted （ )9. A. peace B. surprise C. danger D. need ( )10. A. friendly B. afraid C. hungry D. interested ( )11．A. Fly B. Stop C. Close D. Imagine （ )12.A.us B. her C. me D. him ( )13. A.even B. hardly C. never D. still ( )14. A. orange B. banana C. apple D. pear ( )15. A.get B. send C. refuse D. open

Period 3 (Section B 1a - 1d)

知识点导航

1．能正确朗读和拼写bandage、sick、knee,nosebleed、hurt、hit 等,并能在具体的语境中进行运用。
2．能通过听力材料更好地理解除生病之外人体不适的各种原因以及缓解的方法。

我预学

汉译英。

1．在······上面缠绷带 2．休息几天
3．流鼻血 4．磕破膝盖
5．头上撞了一下 6．感到恶心
7．伤了自己 8．把头低下
9．按住鼻子两侧 10．在水下冲洗

我练习

根据句意和首字母提示完成句子。

1. — You don't look well. What happened to you? I c all night and didn't sleep well. And I have a headache now.

2. Tina and I went to a party last night, and we enjoyed o

3. Did you hear someone s for help in the forest?

4. He stopped the car without t twice.

5. Mike hurt himself while p soccer on the playground.

6. When you have a n ，you should put your head down first.

7. Tom got h on the head by a baseball bat in the P.E. class.

8. We need to put a b on his cut.

9. He fell down and h himself.

10. There are many p. on the bus.

阅读理解。

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

This is an old English saying. Have you heard of it before? It means that we must go to bed early and get up early in the morning. Then we shall be healthy. We shall also be rich(wealthy) and clever( wise).

This is true. The body must have enough sleep to be healthy. Children of young age should have ten hours’ sleep every night. Children who do not have enough sleep cannot do their work very well. They will not be wise and they may not become wealthy!

The body also needs exercise. Walking, running, jumping, swimming and playing games are all exercise. Exercise keeps the body strong. Exercise also helps the blood to move around inside the body. This is very important. Our blood takes food to all parts of our body. The head also needs blood. Exercise helps us to think better!

( )1. If we get up early and go to bed early, we'll

A. have enough exercise B. be healthy C.think better D. have strong body

C )2. If a child of young age doesn't have 10 hours’ sleep every night, maybe he

A. will become wise B. won't do well in his work C. will go to school in time D. will become wealthy

( )3. A person needs to do exercise because

A. it makes him healthy B. he has a lot of homework to do C. he is strong enough D. he does exercise

( )4.Exercise makes move quickly and smoothly(流畅地）.

A. the body B. the blood C. children D. the head ( )5. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?

A. Exercise does good to a person's head.
B. A child of young age should have 10 hours' sleep every night.
C. It's good for you to get up early and go to bed early.
D. If you have enough blood, you'll be wise.

Period 4 (Section B 2a - 2e)

\blacktriangleright 知识点导航

1．能正确朗读和拼写breathe、sunburned、ourselves、accident、situation、kilo、 rock,knife,blood、mean,importance、decision、control、spirit、death 等,并能在 具体的语境中进行运用。
2．能理解并掌握下列短语：be used to、take a risk、run out of、cut off、get out of,be in control of。

我预学

汉译英。

1．作为一名登山者 2．习惯于做某事
3．冒险 4．用完…····
5．讲述 6．··…·的重要性
7．从事危险的运动 8．呼吸有困难
9．做决定 10．以便于
11．写了一本叫…·…·的书 12.晒伤
13．切除 14．掌管,管理

我练习

根据句意和首字母提示拼写单词。

1. Your head feels very hot; you should take your t

2. Jack has t remembering English words, so he asks his teacher for help.

3. His favorite dog's d makes him very sad.

4. The driver saw an old woman l on the side of the road.

5. I was so angry that I h my classmate on the back.

6. She has been in Xiaoshan for over ten years, so she is u to the life here.

7. Never g up, you'll succeed some day in the future.

8. Aron c off half his right arm and kept on climbing mountains.

9. Today my mother bought two k of eggs from the supermarket.

10. Take the m , and you'll feel better soon.

阅读理解。

You may get a cold sometimes. It often starts with a sore throat. You sneeze(打喷嚏） and have a running nose.You usually have a headache, too. Often you have a cough later. It's not a serious illness, but you may feel quite bad.

There isn't a cure for the cold, but you can take some medicine to make you feel better.For example，you can take ibuprofen(布洛芬）to get rid of(摆脱) your headache. It is good to rest and drink a lot of water, too. A doctor once told me, “With the right medicine, the cold will last for seven days. With no medicine, it will go on for a week!"

Where does our medicine come from? A long time ago, people knew that some plants made them feel better. For example, the juice of lemons makes a sore throat better. Now, scientists find some parts of plants can be made into medicine. Because of the medicine, people now live longer than they used to(曾经).

( )1. If you catch a cold, you may have at first.

A. a sore throat B. a headache C. a stomachache D. a cough

( )2. What does the underlined sentence “There isn't a cure for the cold" mean?

A. You shouldn't take any medicine if you have a cold.
B. There is almost no medicine that can cure the cold.
C. You'll feel better if you take some medicine.
D. There is some medicine that can cure the cold.

C )3. Which of the following sentences is TRUE?

A. Taking ibuprofen can get rid of the cold.
B. All plants can be made into medicine.
C. Scientists have found a cure for the cold.
D. Some parts of plants may make people feel better.

Period 5 (Section B 3a -Self Check)

知识点导航

1．能正确理解和运用give up、nurse 等词汇，以及“What's the matter?What happened?Are you OK? You should ／ shouldn't ..."等句型。 2．能运用本单元的句型对他人的健康提出合理的建议。

我预学

汉译英。

1．失去生命 2．在.···两者之间
3．自我解脱 4．继续做某事
5．放弃做某事 6．听起来好
7．感到疲劳 8．出了一次严重的登山事故
9．和···.一样的精神 10．发现自己身处危险的境地
11．发烧 12．保持自己身体健康
13．意味着做某事 14．现在,此刻

我练习

一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. I made friends with some （climb） when I climbed the mountain last weekend.

2. Her friend John is close to (die). Maybe it's the last time to see him.

3. I have to leave home early in the morning because missing the first bus means (wait) for another 20 minutes.

(knife) are used for cutting things.

5． Jack used to （go） to school by bike, but now he is used to (walk) there.

6. If you stay outside in the sun in summer for too long, maybe you'll get (sunburn).

二、根据句意和首字母提示拼写单词。

1. I didn't sleep well last night, so I have a h today.

2. You should lie down and r for two hours.

3. Don't take the r .It's too dangerous.

4. There is a driver and twenty p on bus No. 20.

5. Peter, don't buy anything expensive. You should be in c of your money.

6. We enjoyed o flying kites in the park last Saturday morning.

7. I had a cold and c day and night.

8. He often gives us some good a

9. If you know the i of learning English, you will study hard.

10. Last night, he found himself in a very dangerous s and called the police for help.

D 我巩固

一、语法填空。

Bill is a good student, but he has a(n) 1. (healthy） lifestyle. For example, he hardly ever 2. (exercise). He never likes 3. (drink） milk.He loves to eat junk food,and he eats 4. three or four times a week. So you see, he doesn't look after 5. (he) well. Yesterday he didn't feel well. His mother 6. (take) him to see a doctor. The doctor told him that he had 7. very bad cold. The doctor wanted Bill 8. (stay) in bed for three days. The doctor said, “You should exercise for 30 minutes 9. （two）a week. Keep doing it and then you 10. (get） better."

二、书面表达。

假设你是Martin，你的笔友Alice在给你的来信中说她经常生病，情绪低落。请你给她写封回信，告诉她应该怎样做。

参考词汇:healthy food, do more exercise, enough sleep, keep happy Dear Alice,

I'm sorry to hear that you are not very well and feel unhappy.

Yours,