绝密★启用前
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)
模拟试卷四
(科目代码:201)
考生注意事项
1.答题前,考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号;在答题卡指定位
置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。
2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下,粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘
贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的,责任由考生自负。
3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上,非选择题的答案必须书写在
答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题
册上答题无效。
4.填(书)写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写,字迹工整、笔迹清楚;涂写
部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5.考试结束,将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
(以下信息考生必须认真填写)
考生编号
考生姓名
SectionI UseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C
orDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Theterm “instantgratification”hasbecomeafixtureinthemoderndictionary.Examples
are 1 .Ourfood,entertainment,onlineshopping,andevendatinghavebeendesignedto
makeitincrediblyeasyforustoobtain 2 wewantinincreasinglyshortorder.
Havingourdesires 3 metisn?tnecessarilyabadthing. 4 thereareseveralreasons
whycertaininstantgratification-fueled,impulsivebehaviorsmaybediminishingourhealthand
qualityoflife.Tostart,weneedtoappreciatehowthey 5 ourbrains.
Ourbrainsareconstantlychangingin 6 towhatwedoandthethingswepayattention
to.Forexample, 7 weimpulsivelyeatanunhealthysnackorbuysomethingonline,our
brainpathwaysforthoseactionsarereinforcedandstrengthened,makingiteasierto 8 the
samepatternsthenexttimearoundand 9 tobreakthecycle.
Thisis worthy ofconsideration 10 many oftheactivitiesthatpromoteinstant
gratificationarelinkedtounhealthybehaviors. 11 ,theabilitytoquicklysatisfyadesirefor
low-quality,disease-inducingfoods 12 arealtollon our bodies.The unrestrained
purchasingofwhateveronlinegoodarousesourinterestcreatesamajor 13 onourcredit
cardstatement,andourconstantdriveto 14 onsocialmedia, 15 whilespendingtime
withfriendsandfamily, 16 thequalityofourin-personinteractions.
Inthebigger 17 ,themoreweovervalueinstantgratification,themorelikelyweare
tobedistracted 18 longer-term,moremeaningfulgoals.Ourconstantuseofsocialmedia
orour 19 toauto-playfeaturesonstreamingTV makesitdifficultto 20 focuson
actionsthatcreatelong-termsuccessandhappiness.
1.[A]somewhere [B]elsewhere [C]nowhere [D]everywhere
2.[A]wherever [B]whenever [C]whatever [D]however
3.[A]occasionally [B]quickly [C]gradually [D]eventually
4.[A]But [B]Hence [C]Indeed [D]Besides
5.[A]confuse [B]deceive [C]influence [D]interfere
6.[A]addition [B]relation [C]return [D]response
7.[A]eachtime [B]notuntil [C]soonafter [D]rightbefore
8.[A]leaveoff [B]carryon [C]fallinto [D]findout
9.[A]slower [B]faster [C]easier [D]harder
10.[A]because [B]so [C]unless [D]although
11.[A]Innotime [B]Overtime [C]Atonetime [D]Atthetime
12.[A]cuts [B]adds [C]takes [D]brings
模拟试卷四 ·1·
13.[A]demand [B]record [C]stain [D]burden
14.[A]showoff [B]meetup [C]checkin [D]shoparound
15.[A]even [B]especially [C]except [D]only
16.[A]reflects [B]ensures [C]improves [D]lowers
17.[A]picture [B]time [C]effect [D]world
18.[A]for [B]with [C]from [D]by
19.[A]solution [B]exposure [C]objection [D]reaction
20.[A]avoid [B]maintain [C]divert [D]weaken
SectionII ReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,or
D.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Thereisanawfullotofjunkinspace.ThelatestdatafromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency
suggestsome7,500tonnesofitnoworbitsEarth,rangingfromdefunctsatellitesandrocket
partstonutsandbolts.Butsomethingassmallasapaintfleckcandoseriousdamageifithits
aworkingsatelliteataspeedofseveralthousandkilometersanhour.Therehavealreadybeen
morethan 290 collisions,break-upsand explosionsin space.Given thelikelihood that
thousandsofsmallsatelliteswillbelaunchedoverthenextdecade,many worrythatlarge
volumesofspacenearEarthwillsoonberiskyforsatellites.
Whatisneeded,then,isaclean-up.Variousideasabouthow todothishavebeen
proposed,andsomeareabouttobeputtothetest.InFebruaryaresupply missiontothe
InternationalSpaceStation willalsocarryasatellite,aboutthesizeofadomesticwashing
machine,calledRemoveDEBRIS.Thestation?screw willusearoboticmanipulatortosendit
onitswayintoorbitaroundEarth.
RemoveDEBRIShasbeendesignedandbuiltbySurreySatelliteTechnology.Theplanis
forRemoveDEBRIStocarryoutfourexperiments.Thefirsttwowillinvolvelaunchingfromit
apairofCubeSats(mini-satellites10cmacross).Thesewillplaytheroleofspacejunk.
Oncelaunched,thefirstCubeSatwillinflateaballoonlikestructurea meteracross,to
whichitwillremainattached,inordertocreateabiggertarget.Themothershipwillthen
approachtoadistanceofseven metersandfireanetattheballoon.Oncethetargetis
entangled,acableconnectingthenettothemothershipwillbetightened,closingtheneckof
thenet.Itwillthenbehauledin,likecatchingfish.
ThesecondCubeSatwilltestthesensorsofRemoveDEBRIS.Thistrialwillusecameras
andalidaraboardthemothershiptobuildupadetailedthree-dimensionalimageoftheobject.
Ifthatworksitwillpermitfutureclean-upvehiclestorecognizewhattheyaredealingwith,
·2· 模拟试卷四
andreactappropriately.
Inthethirdexperiment,RemoveDEBRISwillextenda1.5-metre-longarmthatholdsa
10cm-squaretarget.Itwillthenfireaharpoonatthetarget.Theideaisthatharpoonscouldbe
usedtopiercesomeitemsofspacedebrisandthenhaulthemin.
ThefinalexperimentisintendedtoensurethatRemoveDEBRISanditscaptureditemsdo
notthemselvesbecomespacejunk.Themothershipwilldeployaplasticmembranetoactasa
“dragsail”thatwillemploythelimitedatmosphereatthisaltitudetopullthecraftdownwardto
thefierydeathofreentry.
Ifspace-debriscapturesystemslikethissucceed,thenfuturemissionscouldstarttogo
aftersomeofthemostworryingbitofjunk.Therearealreadyguidelinestotrytolimitthe
accumulationofspacejunk,buttherulesarenotalwaysfollowed.Agranttoremovethemost
threateninghulkmightevenseethelaunchofanewspacebusiness.
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,spacejunk
[A]increasesinvolumeasmoreandmoresatellitesarelaunched.
[B]isaproblemthathaslongpuzzledscientists.
[C]resultsmainlyfromfragmentsofstarsandsatellitecollisions.
[D]posesathreattooperationalsatellitesregardlessofitssize.
22.RemoveDEBRISisintendedto
[A]testitseffectivenessincleaningspacejunk.
[B]actasspacejunkorbitingtheEarth.
[C]fulfillaresupplymissionforthespacestation.
[D]showitssafetyforthestation?screw.
23.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthefourexperiments?
[A]Thethirdexperimentobtainsdataandclearimagesofthetarget.
[B]ThefourthexperimentdragsthecraftintotheEarth?satmospheretoburnup.
[C]Thefirstexperimentdemonstratestheharpooncapturetechnologyofthecraft.
[D]ThesecondexperimentdeploystwoCubeSatsastargets.
24.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat
[A]thefundisthebiggestincentivetothecleanupofspacejunk.
[B]junkremovalisexpectedtobecomeanewspacebusiness.
[C]internationalregulationslimitingspacejunkhaven?tbeeninplace.
[D]researchintodisposalmethodsofspacejunkisurgentlyneeded.
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?
[A]ApproachestoCapturingSpaceJunk:theNetandtheHarpoon
[B]OrbitaroundtheEarth:aDangerousPlaceforSatellites
[C]RemoveDEBRIS:aSatellitetoTestWaystoRemoveSpaceJunk
[D]SpaceJunk:aMajorThreattoFutureSatelliteLaunching
模拟试卷四 ·3·
Text2
Asayoungbondtrader,Buttonwood wasgiventwopiecesofadvice,tradingrulesof
thumb,ifyou will:thatbadeconomicnewsisgoodnewsforbond marketsandthatevery
utterancedroppingfromthelipsofPaulVolcker,thethenchairmanoftheFederalReserve,
shouldbe morerespected than Pope?s orders.Today?straders are,ofcourse,a more
sophisticatedbunch.Buttheadvicestillseemsgood,apartfromtwoslightdrawbacks.The
firstisthatinterpretingtheutterancesfromthepresentchairmanoftheFederalReserve,Alan
Greenspan,isverydifficult.Thesecondisthat,oflate,goodnewsfortheeconomyhasnot
seemedtoupsetbondinvestorsallthatmuch.Forallthecheerthathascrackleddownthe
wires,theyieldonten-yearbonds—whichyouwouldexpecttoriseongoodeconomicnews—is
now,at4.2%,onlytwo-fifthsofapercentagepointhigherthanitwasatthestartoftheyear.
Prettymuchunmoved,inotherwords.
Yetthenewsfrom theeconomicfronthasbeenbetterbyfarthananyonecouldhave
expected.OnTuesdayNovember25th,revisednumbersshowedthatAmerica?seconomygrew
byanannual8.2%inthethirdquarter,afullpercentagepointmorethanoriginallythought,
drivenby Americanconsumerandcorporateinvestment.New housesarestillbeingbuilt
quickly.Exportsarerising,foralltheprotectionistcrying.Evenemployment,inwhathad
beenmockedasajoblessrecovery,increasedby125,000inSeptemberandOctober.Allthese
suggestadeepandlong-lastingrecovery.YetTreasury-bondyieldshavefallen.
Iftherosyeconomicbackgroundmakesthisodd,makingitodderisanapparentabsenceof
foreigndemand.ForeignbuyersofTreasuries,especiallyAsiancentralbanks,whohadbeen
swallowingAmericangovernmentdebtliketherewasnotomorrow,seemtohavehadsecond
thoughtslately.InSeptember,accordingtothelatestavailablefigures,foreignersboughtonly
$5.6billionofTreasuries,comparedwith$25.1billionthepreviousmonthandanaverageof
$38.7billionintheprecedingfourmonths.Inanefforttocontroltheyen?srise,theJapanese
centralbankisstillbusybuyingdollarsandparkingthemoneyingovernmentdebt.Butother
countriesseemtohavebeenselling.
26.WhatcanwelearnabouttheadviceforButtonwood?
[A]PaulVolckerenjoyedhigherprestigethanPope.
[B]TheFederalReservehasneverfailedininflationcontrol.
[C]Economyhasthegreatestinfluenceuponthedailylifeofordinarypeople.
[D]Bondmarketsbenefitfrom worseningeconomicconditions.
27.Onedisadvantageoftheadviceonbondtradingnowadaysisthat
[A]thegoodeconomicsituationhascooledthebondinvestors?enthusiasm.
[B]thebondyieldhasdroppedwiththeboomingeconomy.
[C]thebondtradersaremoreexperiencedinbondtrading.
[D]itishardtolearnusefulinformationfrom AlanGreenspan.
·4· 模拟试卷四
28.OnefactorthatcontributestotherapideconomicgrowthintheUSis
[A]realestatemarket. [B]thejobmarketrecovery.
[C]domesticconsumers. [D]foreigninvestments.
29.ItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatmostAsiancentralbanksarebecoming
[A]morecautious. [B]morespeculative.
[C]ratherregretful. [D]moreambitious.
30.Thetextismainlyabout
[A]theAmericanbondmarkets. [B]theriddleofUSTreasuries.
[C]thesolutiontoAmericaninflation. [D]therecoveryoftheUSeconomy.
Text3
AclassactionlawsuithasbeenfiledagainstaprominentTorontodoctorbypatientswho
allegeheinjectedabannedsubstanceintotheirfacesforcosmeticpurposes.Thedoctorhad
alreadybeeninvestigatedformorethanthreeyearsforusingtheliquidsilicone,aproductnot
authorizedforuseinCanada.
Somepatientssaytheyarenowsufferinghealthproblemsandthinktheliquidsiliconemay
betoblame.OneofthosepatientsisAnnaBarbiero.ShesaysherTorontodermatologisttold
herhewasusingliquidsiliconetosmoothoutwrinkles.Whatshesayshedidn?ttellheristhat
itisn?tapprovedforuseinCanada.Afterherlasttreatment,AnnadiscoveredDr.Sheldon
PollackhadbeenorderedtostopusingthesiliconetwoyearsearlierbyHealthCanada.
“Myupperlipisalwaysnumbanditburns,”Barbierosays.Barbieroisspearheadinga
lawsuitagainstthedoctor,whoherlawyerthinksmightinvolveupto100patientsinjected
withthesame material.“Thefact,aphysicianofhisstature woulduseanunauthorized
productonapatientbecausehethoughtitwasokay,isreallyverydisturbing,”sayslawyer
DouglasElliott.
Ontario?sCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeons(OCPS)isalsoinvestigatingDr.Pollackto
seeif,infact,hecontinuedtousethesiliconeafteragreeingtostopandwhetherhewrotein
patientrecordsthatheusedanotherlegalproductwhenheusedsilicone.However,inaletter
totheCollege,Dr.Pollackwrotethathehadalwaystoldpatientsthatthesiliconewasnot
approvedforsaleinCanada,andhadwarnedthemoftherisks.AndinBarbiero?scase,“…I
specificallyinformedherthatthematerialwasnotapprovedforsaleinCanada…Iwouldliketo
emphasizethat,asisevidenton Ms.Barbiero?schart,Idrewaspecificdiagramonthechart
whichIcarefullydiscussed withandexplainedto Ms.BarbieroasIdid witheveryother
patient…toexplainthenatureandlikelihoodofcomplicationsandthereasonsandconsequences
ofthosepossiblecomplications.”
Dr.PollackdeclinedtospeaktoCTV News,ortohavehislawyerdiscussthecase.None
oftheallegationshavebeenprovenincourt.Butthecaseraisesquestionsabouttheabilityof
governingbodiestomonitordoctors.“There?salargermessageandthatis:buyerbeware,”
saysNancyNeilsenofCosmeticSurgeryCanada,“It?sincumbent(负有义务的)onconsumersto
dotheirresearch.”
模拟试卷四 ·5·
31.WhywasDoctorSheldonPollackcharged?
[A]Becausehehaddisguisedhimselfasaprominentsurgeon.
[B]Becausehehadsoldanunauthorizedproductinlargeamount.
[C]Becausehehadprescribedwrongmedicineforpatientsbymistake.
[D]Becausehehadtreatedhispatientswithsomethingillegal,causingbadresult.
32.Theword\"dermatologist\"(Para.2)mostprobablymeansadoctordealingwith
[A]breathingdisorders. [B]skindiseases. [C]heartdiseases. [D]eyediseases.
33.TheinvestigationofOCPSisintendedtofind
[A]ifDr.Pollacktoldhispatientsabouttherisk.
[B]how muchmoneyDr.Pollackgotfromhisillegaltreatment.
[C]whetherDr.Pollackstillgivesillegaltreatmenttohispatients.
[D]how manypatientshavesufferedfromthesubstanceinjectedintotheirfaces.
34.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
[A]Afamousdoctorshouldbeauthorizedtousesomethinghethinksokayonpatients.
[B]Barbieroissufferingalotwithherfaceinjectedwiththeliquidsilicone.
[C]Barbierotookthetreatmentafterbeingtoldtherisk.
[D]Dr.Pollackdidn?tstartanytreatmentuntilpatientsagreedtoacceptpotentialrisks.
35.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat
[A]thecaseshavenotbeendetermined.
[B]governingbodieswhichmonitordoctorswillbecharged.
[C]Barbierowillwinthelawsuit.
[D]Dr.SheldonPollackwillwinthelawsuit.
Text4
ThesaleoftheWashingtonPosttoJeffBezosisjustthemostrecentepisodeinthedecline
andfallofprofessionaljournalism.Bysellingouttoamega-billionairewithoutanynewspaper
experience,the Graham familyhasputapricelessnationalassetatthe mercyofasingle
outsider.PerhapsJeffBezoswillusehisnewplaythingresponsibly;perhapsnot;ifnot,oneof
thefewremainingsourcesofseriousjournalism willbelost.
ThecrisisintheEnglish-speakingworldwillturnintoacatastropheinsmallerlanguage
zones.TheEnglish-speakingmarketissolargethatadvertiserswillpayalottogainaccessto
thetensofmillionsofreaderswhoregularlyclickontotheNewYorkTimesortheGuardian.
ButthePortuguese-readingpublicisfartoosmalltosupportseriousjournalismontheinternet.
Whathappensto Portuguesedemocracy when nobodyis willingto payforold-fashioned
newspapers?
Theblogospherecan?tbeexpectedtotakeuptheslack.First-classreportingonnational
andinternationalaffairsisn?tforamateurs.Itrequireslotsoftrainingandlotsofcontactsand
lotsofexpenses.Italsorequiresreporterswiththewell-honedcapacitytowriteforabroad
audience.The modern newspapercreatedtherightincentives,but withoutacomparable
·6· 模拟试卷四
business model for the new technology,blogging will degenerate into a postmodern
nightmare—withmillionsspoutingoffwithoutanyconcernforthefacts.
Wecan?taffordto waitfortheinvisiblehandtocomeup withanew waytoprovide
economicsupportforseriousjournalism.Tobesure,thefinancialpresshasprovedmoderately
successfulinpersuadingreaderstopayforonlineaccess;andmainstream mediaarenowtrying
toemulatethissuccess.Butiftensofmillionsofreadersdon?tsurrendertothecharmsof
PayPal—andquickly—nowisthetimeforsomecreativethinking.Forstarters,itwouldbea
mistaketorelyonaBBC-stylesolution.Afterallitisonethingforgovernmenttoserveasa
majorsourceofnews;quiteanothertogiveitavirtualmonopolyonreporting.
EntertheInternetnewsvoucher.Underourproposal,eachnewsarticleonthewebwill
endbyaskingreaderswhetheritcontributedtotheirpoliticalunderstanding.Ifso,theycan
clicktheyes-box,andsendthe messagetoa NationalEndowmentforJournalism—which
wouldobtainanannualappropriationfromthegovernment.Thismoneywouldbedistributed
tonewsorganizationsonthebasisofastrictmathematicalformula:themoreclicks,thebigger
thecheckfromtheEndowment.Thisway,seriousjournalism willsucceedingaining mass
support.Common sense,as well as fundamentalliberal values,counsels against any
governmentalefforttoregulatethequalityofnews.
36.Itisimpliedinthefirsttwoparagraphsthat
[A]thedeclineofEnglishwillhaveahugeimpactonotherlanguages.
[B]professionaljournalismhasbeenputatriskbytheinternetboom.
[C]itwasamercythatJeffBezostookoverthevaluelessWashingtonPost.
[D]thedeclineofprofessionaljournalismhasbeenaroundforawhile.
37.Theword“slack”(Line1,Para.3)mostprobablymeans
[A]declineofseriousjournalism. [B]lackofsupportforjournalism.
[C]fundshortageforjournalism. [D]crisisinjournalisticEnglish.
38.AccordingtoParagraph3,first-classreportingis
[A]declininginquality. [B]notoriouslydegenerating.
[C]highlydemanding. [D]forprofessionalsonly.
39.TheauthorholdsthattheBBC-styleisnotagoodsolutionbecause
[A]itdoesnotappealtoallthepeople.
[B]thenewsreportingiscontrolled.
[C]itisnotascreativeasitshouldbe.
[D]theinvisiblehandisnotworkable.
40.WhatdoweknowabouttheInternetnewsvoucher?
[A]Itmaybeagoodwaytoreviveseriousjournalism.
[B]Itwillspreadliberalvaluesandsaveseriousjournalism.
[C]Itmayhelpthepublicenhancepoliticalunderstanding.
[D]Itwillbefundedandthuscontrolledbythegovernment.
模拟试卷四 ·7·
PartB
Directions:
YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutAmericans?hospitality.Choosethe
mostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph (41-45).Therearetwo
extraheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.
(10points)
[A]DullnessandlonelinessleadtoAmerican?shospitality
[B]Harshnessoffrontiercontributestothetraditionofhospitality
[C]HospitalityofAmericanstothevisitorsisacommonobservation
[D]CharitableorganizationsinAmerica
[E]CultureimplicationshelpunderstandAmericans?hospitality
[F]ImpressiononCanadians
[G]ProperinterpretationoftheAmerican?shospitality
41.
AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,courteous,and
helpfulmostAmericansweretothem.Tobefair,thisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeof
CanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,
exceptions.Small-mindedofficials,rude waiters,andill-manneredtaxidriversarehardly
unknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.
42.
Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwasawelcomebreak
inanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilies
whogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesof
diversion,andbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.
43.
Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someone
travelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabin
orsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseon
thepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn?ttakeinthestranger
andtakecareofhim,therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmight
beinthesamesituation.
44.
Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecializeinhelpingthewearytraveler.Yet,
theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS,especiallyinthesmallercities
andtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails.“Iwasjusttravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththis
·8· 模拟试卷四
American,andprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner—amazing.”Suchobservationsreportedby
visitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.Thecasualfriendliness
ofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofa
historicallydevelopedculturaltradition.
45.
Asistrueofany developedsociety,in Americaacomplexsetofculturalsignals,
assumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.And,ofcourse,speaking
alanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandsitssocialandculturalpatterns.
Visitorswhofailto“translate”culturalmeaningsproperlyoftendraw wrongconclusions.For
example,whenanAmericanusestheword“friend”,theculturalimplicationsofthewordmay
bequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor?slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethana
briefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.
Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethat many Americansvaluehighlyandexpectfrom both
neighborsandstrangers.
PartC
Directions:
ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Your
translationshouldbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
WhenHarvardpresidentCharlesW.Eliottookahammertohiscollege?straditionalfocus
onclassicsandLatinand Greekinstructionandsetaboutconstructingthe modernresearch
university,hewasmetwithatidalwaveofcriticism.ButasUniversityofMarylandclassics
professorEricAdlershows,muchofthatcriticism wasreactiveandineffective.
Eliotarguedthattheemergenceofspecializedacademicdisciplinesandprofessionshadmadethe
oldstandardcurriculumobsolete.Introducingtheelectivesystemand,alongwithit,asuccessful
fundraisingprogramenabledEliottogreatlyexpandthesizeandofferingsoftheuniversity.(46)
EliminatingallrequiredcoursesexceptEnglishcompositionandremovingtheentranceexamin
ancientGreekin1884earnedhimalargewaveofattackbynolessacriticthanthefollowing
historian.Theoffense,inSamuelEliotMorison?seyes,was“thegreatesteducationalcrimeof
thecenturyagainstAmericanyouth—deprivinghimofhisclassicalheritage.”
ButEliotalsohaddefenders.OnewasCharlesFrancisAdamsJr.,who madehispoint
muchclearin1883.(47)HisspeechsingledoutthatveryGreekentranceexamforspecial
scorn:“ThestudyofGreekinthewayitistraditionallyinsisteduponisapositiveeducational
wrong.”Also,the“worshipoftheclassicalobjects”amountedtolittlemorethanaffectation
andsnobbery.
Thereactiontohisspeech wasswiftandprofoundlynegative.Inretrospect,itisalso
instructive.AsAdlershows,manyoftheargumentsinfavorofthetraditionalcurriculumbear
themarksofargumentsusedtodayindefenseofthehumanities.(48)Importantly,noneof
模拟试卷四 ·9·
them madethecasethatreadingtheclassicsorlearningancientlanguagesprovidedstudents
withmoralorliteraryexamples,oropportunitiesforreflectionthatmightenablethemtoleada
goodlife.Instead,theytendedtofocusonhowthetraditionalcurriculum actuallyprepared
studentsforthe “hardfactsoflife.”Stillothersinsistedthatlearningaclassicallanguage
instilledmentaldisciplinethatwouldbeusefulineveryotherfieldofactionandstudy.
(49)Whattheseargumentshadincommon,Adlerpointsout,isthattheyattributedthevalueof
thetraditionalcurriculumtoitspracticalbenefitstostudentsortoitsassociationwithsomethingelse
consideredvaluable.Adlercallsthesecontent-lessdefenses,notingthatmanyoftoday?sargumentsfor
thehumanitiesgodownasimilarlyworryingpath.Ifthehumanitiesarevaluablebecausetheydevelop
criticalthinkingskills,so,too,domath,physics,andaccounting.
(50)Althoughthemodernhumanitiesindeeddrawfrom Renaissancehumanismandthe
evenoldertraditionofliberalarts,thereisnothinglikeanunbrokenlineofsuccessionthatcan
bedrawn.Themodernhumanitiesaremodern,afterall.
SectionIII Writing
PartA
51.Directions:
Writealettertoyouruniversitylibrary,makingsuggestionsforimprovingitsservice.
Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyournameat
theendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)
PartB
52.Directions:
Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould
1)describethedrawingbriefly,
2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen
3)giveyourcomments.
Youshouldwrite160—200wordsneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)
·10· 模拟试卷四
模拟试卷四答案及解析
SectionI UseofEnglish
“即时满足”一词已成为现代词典中的固定词汇。例子随处可见。我们的食物、娱乐、网上购物甚至约会都
被设计成这样:让我们在越来越短的时间内得到我们想要的任何东西变得非常容易。
让我们的愿望迅速得到满足不一定是坏事。但有几个原因说明了为何某些即时满足引发的冲动行为可能
正损害我们的健康和生活质量。首先,我们需要了解它们是如何影响我们大脑的。
我们的大脑会随我们所做的事情和我们所关注的事物而不断变化。例如,每次我们冲动地吃下不健康的零
食或在网上买个东西,这些行为的大脑路径就会被巩固加强,使我们更容易在下次又陷入相同的模式,也更难打
破这个循环。
这值得加以考虑,因为许多促成即时满足的活动都与不健康的行为有关。久而久之,“快速满足对低质、致
病食物的欲望”的能力会对我们的身体造成真正的损害。“毫无节制地购买网络上任何引发我们兴趣的东西”会
给我们造成巨大的信用卡账单支付负担,“我们查看社交媒体信息的持续性欲望(甚至是在与朋友和家人在一起
时)”也会降低我们面对面交流的质量。
从更大层面来看,我们越是过于重视即时满足,就越容易从更长远的、更重要的目标上分心。频繁使用社交
媒体或是体验流媒体电视的自动播放功能都使我们难以持续专注于那些能创造长期成功和幸福的行动。
1.【答案】D
【解析】本题考查上下文语义和副词辨析。somewhere意为“在某处”;elsewhere意为“在别处”;nowhere意为
“无处,哪里都不”;everywhere意为“遍地,到处”。空格前文“instantgratification(即时满足)已成为现代词典
中的固定词汇”暗示该词“在现代用语中频频出现”,后文举例“饮食、娱乐、网购、约会”涵盖现代生活方方面
面,由此可推知空格所在句句意是“(即时满足)例子随处可见”,故选 D项。
2.【答案】C
【解析】本题考查句内逻辑和词义辨析。wherever意为“无论哪里”;whenever意为“无论何时”;whatever意
为“无论什么”;however意为“无论如何”。从语义上看,空格前指出“现代生活的方方面面(饮食、娱乐、网购、
约会)都被设计”,由此可推测“人们的各种需求均可得到满足(即我们可以获得想要的任何东西)”,空格处的
词应表示“任何事物/无论什么”,故答案选 C项。
3.【答案】B
【解析】本题考查上下文语义和副词辨析。occasionally意为“偶尔”;quickly意为“迅速”;gradually意为“逐
渐”;eventually意为“最终”。空格前文指出“我们可以越来越迅速地获得想要的任何东西”,空格句指出“让我
们的愿望 得 到 满 足 不 一 定 是 坏 事”。可 见,空 格 句 是 对 上 句 现 象 的 评 述,故 空 格 处 的 词 应 与in
increasinglyshortorder(越来越迅速地)同义,故答案选 B项。
4.【答案】A
【解析】本题考查上下文语义逻辑。But意为“但是”;Hence意为“因此”;Indeed意为“确实”;Besides意为“此
外”。空格前指出“让我们的愿望迅速得到满足不一定是坏事”,空格后指出“有几个原因说明了为何某些即
时满足引发的冲动行为可能正损害我们的健康和生活质量”,两句间为“让步—转折”逻辑,故答案选 A 项。
5.【答案】C
【解析】本题考查上下文语义和动词辨析。confuse意为“迷惑”;deceive意为“欺骗”;influence意为“影响”;
interfere意为“妨碍”。Tostart明确空格句起总领下文的作用,they回指“某些即时满足引发的冲动行为”。
下文举例说明“冲动行为(吃零食、网购)巩固加强控制这些行为的大脑路径”,可知空格处应表示“影响/作
用”,故答案选 C项。
模拟试卷四 ·11·
点,即解读现任联邦储备委员会主席阿伦·格林斯潘的话是极其困难的。第五句提到了另一个缺点,近来经
济方面的好消息似乎并没有使债券投资者不安,查看各选项,D 项“很难从阿伦·格林斯潘口中获得有用的
信息”是对第一个缺点的同义替换,故答案选 D项;A 项“大好的经济形势使债券投资者的热情降温”与原文
第一段第五句提到的一个缺点是“良好的经济势头并没有使债券投资者不安”意思相反,故排除;B项“债券
收益因经济繁荣而下降”与 C项“债券交易员在证券交易方面更有经验”是原文中提到的事实细节,但并不是
建议的缺点,故排除。
28.【答案】C
【解析】这是一道细节题。本题问促进美国经济快速增长的一个因素是什么。根据题干关键词精确定位至第
二段第二句,该句提到了美国经济第三季度的年增长率为8.2%,比当初设想的数据高了整整一个百分点。
这种增长是由美国消费者和公司投资所推动的,故答案选 C项“国内消费者”;下文中虽然提到“新房子建造
速度快”,“就业岗位增多”但两者都是经济增长的表现,而非原因,故排除 A 项“房地产市场”与 B项“就业市
场复苏”;D项“外国投资”与原文中提到的经济快速增长的另外一个原因是“公司投资”不符,故排除。
29.【答案】A
【解析】这是一道推断题。本题问从最后一段中可以推断出,大部分亚洲中央银行正变得怎么样。根据题干
关键词精确定位至最后一段第二句,该句提到,国债的外国购买者,尤其是一直以来不计后果、大举购买美国
政府债务的亚洲中央银行,最近似乎改变了想法,接下来以具体数据说明外国买家购买美国国债的数量下
降,由此可以推知亚洲中央银行变得“更加谨慎了”,故答案选 A 项“更加谨慎”;B项“更具投机性”与 C项“相
当后悔”在文中并没有体现,故排除;文中只提到日本反其道而行之,仍在购买美国国债,而其他国家都在抛
售,故排除 D项“更有野心”。
30.【答案】A
【解析】这是一道主旨题。本题问这篇文章主要是关于什么的。文章第一段以证券交易员巴腾渥德得到的建
议为例,说明美国债券市场发生的变化。第二段指出在美国经济发展形势一片大好的背景下,国债收益率却
在下降,最后一段指出对美国国债的国外需求也在下降,由此可知,“美国债券市场”是本文讨论的主题,因此
答案选 A 项“美国债券市场。”;B项“美国国债之谜。”与 C项“美国通货膨胀的解决方法。”在原文中并未体
现,故排除;D项“美国经济的复苏。”在第二段提及,目的是指出国债收益的变化,但过于片面,故排除。
Text3
许多病人对多伦多一位著名医生提起了集体诉讼,他们宣称,这名医生把一种禁止使用的物质注射进他们的
面部以达到美容的目的。这名医生三年前曾因使用一种在加拿大未经批准使用的液态硅胶产品而接受过调查。
一些病人说他们的健康受到损害,并认为液态硅胶是病因。其中一位病人叫安娜·巴比罗。她说她的多伦
多皮肤科医生告诉她说,他正在使用液态硅胶来拉平皱纹。她还说,医生并没有告诉她,这种物品被禁止在加拿
大使用。在做了最后一次治疗后,安娜才发现两年前加拿大健康协会已经明令禁止谢尔登·波拉克医生使用液
态硅胶了。
巴比罗说:“我的上唇一直麻木、有灼烧感。”她率先发起了对这名医生的法律诉讼,她的律师认为,这名医生
很可能与近100名被注射了同种物质的病人有关。道格拉斯·埃利奥特律师说:“事实是像他这样一位有声望
的医生竟然对病人使用一种未经认可的产品,这的确令人困惑。”
安大略内外科医师学院也正在对波拉克医生进行调查,以弄清他事实上是否在同意停止使用液态硅胶之后仍
然在使用它,以及他是否在病历中记录他使用了另一种合法产品,而他实际上使用的是硅胶。然而,在写给该学院
的一封信中,波拉克医生写道:他一直告诉病人硅胶在加拿大未被批准销售,而且他也提醒他们使用硅胶的危险。
就巴比罗情况而言,“……我明确地告知她,这种材料在加拿大未被批准销售……我想强调的是,也如同巴比罗女
士的治疗计划图上所显示的那样,我在上面画了一张详细的草图,与巴比罗女士认真讨论了细节,并向她做了解
释,如同我对待其他病人一样……解释了并发症的性质与可能性,以及这些可能的并发症的原因和后果。”
波拉克医生拒绝对加拿大电视台(CTV)发表讲话,也不让自己的律师谈论此事。迄今所有指控都未经法庭认
·16· 模拟试卷四
