经浙江省中小学教辅材料评议委员会2024学年推荐

高中英语 第四册学习手册

《高中英语词汇学习手册》编写组 编写庄志琳 主编

前言

词汇是学习语言的核心，因为没有词汇，人们无法用语言理解和表达思想。词汇学习有多个层次。首先是音、形、义。词汇学习与语法、语用等密切相关，词汇能力螺旋式发展，基础学习、背诵记忆、多维练习都必不可少。

教育部明确规定，实施新课程、新高考后，高考命题不再单独编印《考试说明》作为其命题的依据，而是以新颁发的课程标准为依据。2019年版英语新教材则是严格按照新课程标准编写。

基于这样的考量，我们组织编写了这套书。本套书的编写以《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》为指导，与人民教育出版社2019年版《普通高中教科书英语》同步使用。编写时充分考虑学习者同步学习的需求，讲练充分结合，分层设置练习，合理复现。力求选用权威词典例句和原汁原味的语料，兼顾用法与搭配，重视语境设置，发展语用能力。

本套书每个单元均由五个部分组成。第一部分（词汇清单)列出重点词汇、重点词块和重点句式。第二部分（词汇网络)以本单元核心话题为主、兼顾特定语言表达，帮助读者建构词汇网络，助力词汇长期记忆，强化词汇学习成果。第三部分（词汇学习）以核心词汇为主线，例析词汇用法，包括“用法点击”“词汇扩展”“词汇辨析”“词汇联想”“词汇助记”等，每个词条后均有“词汇巩固”小练习，现学现用，及时巩固。第四部分（综合提高）包括基础训练、拓展巩固、挑战超越三个练习板块，提供从单词拼写到语段填词再到语段翻译的递进式分层词汇知识巩固和词汇能力提升练习。第五部分(大显身手)提供可选做的词汇测试题，由单词拼写、单词填空、语篇填空和用所提供的话题关键词写小短文等四个大题组成。这部分以词汇知识和词汇能力测试为核心，但全书的编写充分考虑了词汇学习的综合性，有些测试适度超越了单纯的词汇要求的考量。

由于编者水平有限，书中如有疏漏，敬请读者批评指正。

编者

目录

UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION..
UNIT 2 ICONICATTRACTIONS 25
UNIT 3 SEAEXPLORATION 51
UNIT 4 SHARING 74
UNIT 5 LAUNCHINGYOURCAREER 98
KEYS 117

SCIENCE FICTION

第一部分 词汇清单

重点词汇

fiction bonus ridiculous integrity dignity salary absurd appointment nail saleswoman guilty suspend dismiss declare whereas rumour presume fare weekly calculate chairwoman alien blurred superior labour inch backwards grip hazy fetch pace urge random maximum explode jolt fip stun overstatement

重点词块

science fiction test out more like on a ... basis pros and cons superior to take over conflict with turn out fall away have an urge to

重点句式

1. It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire.
2.He seemed more like a human than a machine.
3. Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing.
4. Claire thanked Tony, telling him that he was a “dear".
5. He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
6. A human being's facial expression changes often, whereas Tony's never changes.
7. AI researchers say that it will not be long before AI can win at almost everything.
8. It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
9. Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.
10. So long as I travelled at maximum speed, it didn't matter.

第二部分 词汇网络

I．谈论机器人与人类的异同（以课文主人公机器人Tony为例)。

Keys:

d e e ssn g e

Ⅱ．谈论机器人三定律。

续表

A robot must 6. its own existence 7. such Law 3 protection does not conflict with the first or second law.

Keys:

Ⅲ．表达比较和对照的方式(请添加至少三种表达，并选择其中一种表达造句)。

Keys:

o o e a n e a s n s

第三部分 词汇学习

appointmentn.预约；约会；委任

We congratulated him on his appointment as manager/to the managershipofthesalesdepartment.我们祝贺他被任命为销售 部的经理。

【词汇扩展】keep an/one's appointment 守约 break/miss/one's appointment 失约 cancel an appointment取消约会 by appointment(only)（必须）预约 appoint vt.约定；任命；安排，确定（时间、地点） appointedadj.事先约定好的；指定的

【词汇巩固】根据括号内的提示，将句子补充完整

1. Mr Fay is to take up an (appoint) as Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.

2. For the third time in a row, she had failed to （守约）.

3. You should phone his secretary if you want to (预约).

4.I was already forty-five minutes late for （牙医预约）.

5. Viewing is (必须提前预约）.

6. Jackson has just been (appoint) to the directorship of the publishing division.

Keys:

e a ( q s e a t en e e e guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 【用法点击】·guilty表示“内疚的；惭愧的”时，常用搭配be/feel guilty about sth。如: I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often.我因没有 常去看望父母而感到内疚。 ·guilty还可表示“有罪的；有过失的”，常用搭配be guilty of (doing) sth，意为“犯了....·罪”；prove/find sb guilty of (doing）sth，意为“证明某人犯了·…...·罪”。如: The jury's duty is to decide whether a person is guilty or innocent ofacrime.陪审团的责任就是要决定一个人是有罪还是无罪。 Hewasfoundguiltyof murder.经裁决，他犯有谋杀罪。

【词汇扩展】guiltn.内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行【词汇巩固】根据括号内的提示，将句子补充完整。

1.Sam （因·····而非常内疚） forgetting his 20th wedding anniversary.
2. Some journalists (被判定有罪) reporting scandal in order to sell papers.
3. The investigation will try to find out (灾难的真正责任所在）.
4. Her emotions ranged （由愤怒 转为内疚）in the space ofa fewseconds.

Keys:

o *_{\mathfrak{t}} re dre *_{z} m se oss sdpe a dismiss vt.（让某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除 】 * dismiss为及物动词，表示“（让某人）离开；解散”时，常用搭 配dismiss sb。如: At 12o'clock the class was dismissed.12点下课了。 ·dismiss表示“解雇”时，常用搭配dismiss sb(from sth)。如： She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her post.她声称自己 被无理免职。 ·dismiss表示“消除；摒除（思想、感情等）”时，常用搭配 dismiss sb/sth (from sth)。如: He dismissed her from his mind.他抹去了对她的思念。 Dismissingher fears,she climbed higher.她排除了恐惧，爬得 更高了。

【词汇扩展】dismissaln.解雇；开除【词汇巩固】根据括号内的提示，将句子补充完整。

1.Last week, Chloe （被免去）his job for incompetence.
2.The teacher （早 点下课）because she had a meeting.
3.Just （去掉你脑 海里的那些想法）—they're crazy and not worth thinking about.
4. Crash victims are calling for the (dismiss) of the coach driver.

Keys:

Ssn sssi s s i ss sdeclare vt.表明；宣称；公布

用法点击】declare为及物动词，强调正式而又负责地声明或公开表示。常 用搭配declare sb/sth (to be) ^+ adj./sth，或直跟从句。如: He declared that he would not run for a second term as president. 他声明不再竞选连任总统。 The government is ready to declare a permanent ceasefire. 政府已 经准备好宣布永久停火。 His lawyers are confident that the judges will declare Mr Stevens innocent.他的律师们确信法官们会宣布史蒂文斯先生无罪。 The area has been declared a national park.该地区已被宣布为国 家公园。

【词汇扩展】declare war on sb/sth向·....·宣战declaration n .声明；宣言

【词汇巩固】根据括号内的提示，将句子补充完整。

1. We celebrate September 16, the day when Mexico （宣布独立）from Spain.

2.America （向日本宣战）in1941.

3.The committee （宣布他为得胜者）.

4. Jones （宣称这是她迄今为止吃到过的最好的巧克力蛋糕）.

5. The opening speeches sounded more like (declare) of war than offerings of peace.

Keys:

sB aqe e euperior adj.更好的；占优势的；（在级别或重要性上)更高的

* superior为形容词，表示“更好的；占优势的；（在级别或重要性上)更高的”时，常用搭配be superior to sb/sth。superior本身已是比较级形容词，一般不可再用very或more修饰，但可用表示程度的far，much等副词修饰。如:Thisclothis muchsuperiorto that.这种布料比那种好得多。Liverpoolwas clearly the superior team.利物浦队明显更胜一筹。A soldier mustobeyhis superiorofficers.军人应服从上级军官。Steve works well with those superior tohim in thefirm.史蒂夫与公司中的那些上级主管合作愉快。
·superior还可表示“有优越感的”，当其不表示比较时，可用very，most修饰。如：Don'tbesosuperior!别自以为了不起！Susan always makes cutting remarks to help herself feel superior.苏珊总是说尖刻的话来使自已感觉优越。Heis a most superior person.他是个妄自尊大的人。
·superior还可用作名词，意为“上级；上司”。如：He's myimmediate superior.他是我的顶头上司。
【词汇扩展】superiority n.优越；优势；优越感反义词：inferior adj.较差的；次的
【词汇联想】be inferior to ...比不上....．be senior to ...比.....资历深/年长bejuniorto...比......职位低/年龄小

【词汇巩固】根据括号内的提示，将句子补充完整。

1. For all babies, breastfeeding （远 远优于）bottlefeeding

2 . I will pass your complaint on to my （上司）.

3 . Janet always spoke with an air of (superior).

4. Her （优越感）makes her very unpopular.

5. This girl is （比她哥哥小三岁）but politer than him.

Keys:

qq qso ss ee s *_{z} 0, 1odns ie s!labour n.劳动（者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作

·labour意为“劳动（者)；体力劳动”时，为不可数名词。表示“劳动”时是抽象名词，泛指劳动，不加定冠词；有定语限制，表示具体某种劳动时，可加定冠词。如：The taskrequiresmuchlabour.这项工作需要付出大量劳动。Theworkembodied thelifelonglabourofthe author.这部著作体现了作者一生的心血。
·labour意为“（一段时间的）工作”时，为可数名词，常用复数形式表示。如:He was so exhausted from the day's labours that he went straightto bed.他工作了一天疲惫不堪，便直接上床休息了。
·labour还可用作不及物动词，意为“奋斗；努力工作”时，常用搭配labour todosth；意为“吃力地行进”时，常用搭配labour ^+ prep.ladv.。如:Scientists laboured to unravel the mysteries of Neptune formonthsandstillremainbaffled.科学家们为揭开海王星之谜艰辛地工作了数月，但依然迷惑不解。The ship laboured through therough seas.船在波涛汹涌的海上挣扎前行。

【词汇扩展】manuallabour体力劳动 cheaplabour廉价劳动力 skilled/unskilled labour熟练/非熟练工 labourshortages劳动力短缺 the British LabourParty英国 【词汇巩固】根据括号内的提示，将句子补充完整。

1. Workers (按劳获得报酬）. 2. After several hours of gardening we sat down to admire （我们的劳动成果）. 3.He （努力完成）the job on time 4.The old man （吃力地 登山)with loads of firewood on his back.

Keys:

su dn p 't n oo ss

grip

vt.&vi.紧握；抓紧 n.紧握；控制力；理解 【用法点击】·grip意为“紧握；抓紧”时，既可用作及物动词也可用作不及 物动词，常用搭配grip sb/sth。如: “Please don't go,”he said, gripping her arm.“请别走。”他紧紧 抓住她的手臂说。 Old tyres won't grip in the rain very well. I旧轮胎在雨天的时候 容易打滑。 ·grip作及物动词时，还可表达“使感兴趣；吸引住（某人的）注 意；（某种情绪)强烈地影响（某人）”之意，常用搭配grip sb, be gripped by/with sth。如: Thebookgripsyoufromstarttofinish.这本书从头至尾扣人心弦。 I was gripped by a feeling of panic.我惊恐万状。 ·grip还可用作名词，意为“紧握；控制力；影响力；理解”，常 用单数形式表达。表示“紧握某物”时，可与on搭配。如： Theclimber relaxedhergrip andfell.攀登者手一松跌了下去。 The home team took a firm grip on the game.主队牢牢控制着比 赛的局面。

I couldn't get a grip on what was going on.我无法理解正在发生 的事情。

【词汇扩展】take/keep a tight/firm grip（on ...）紧紧抓住..loosen/release/relax/let go one's grip (on ..) 松手tighten/strengthen one's grip（on ..）加紧对...·的控制in the grip of sth 受制于某事come/gettogripswithsth开始理解并着手处理难题gripping adj.令人激动的；吸引l人注意力的

【词汇巩固】根据括号内的提示，将句子补充完整。

1. The frightened child （紧抓住他母亲的手）.

2. The brakes （失灵）and the car ran into a wall.

3. Terrorism （笼罩着）the countryforthe past two years.

4.1 （一松手）and the teacup slipped out of my hand.

5. （我突然非常惊 恐）when it was my turn to speak. 6. The film turned out to be a （扣人心弦的）thriller.

Keys:

a d sappnsau padda uppns orud s da u pausopaxaepaeao pa it pda seu eda on p \mathbf{\nabla}*\boldsymbol{z} s s d e o p s papace n.速度；步伐；节奏 vt.&vi.确定速度；调整节奏【用法点击】·pace作名词，意为“速度；步伐；节奏”时，常用单数形式；意为“迈出的一步、距离”时，相当于step。如:Theball gathered pace as it rolled down thehill.随着球向山下滚动，它的速度越来越快。It is difficult to keep up with the rapid pace of change. 跟上迅速

的变化是很困难的。 Shetooktwopacesforward.她向前走了两步。
·pace作动词，意为“确定速度；调整节奏”时，常用搭配pace sth/pace oneself。如: Hepacedhisgame skillfully.他巧妙地控制着自己的比赛节奏。 He'll have to learn to pace himself in this job.他必须学会使自 已适应这项工作的节奏。
·pace作动词时还可表达“来回步；走来走去”，常用搭配 pace sth或pace+adv./prep.。如: Tedpacedthefloorrestlessly.泰德焦躁地在屋里走来走去。 She paced up and down outside theroom.她在屋子外面来回走着。

【词汇扩展】keep pace（with sb/sth)（与·...·）并驾齐驱；步调一致quicken/gather/slowdown(one's)pace加快/放慢（某人的）步伐at the pace of...at a ...pace 以 .....的速度set the pace确立标准（使他人跟从)；领先pacesetter/pacemakern.领跑者；领先者

【词汇巩固】根据括号内的提示，将句子补充完整。

1. Children learn best by studying （按 照他们自己的节奏）.
2. Thinking that she was being followed, she （加快了脚步）.
3. He gave up his job in advertising because he couldn't （受不了那种快节奏）.
4.He （来去）on the platform，waiting for the train.
5. That firm （一直处于领先）in car

design in the recent years.

Keys:

d a s q ssd uq s p pe yp pe dnod e dsedrre *_{z} d o n urge n.强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐 点击】·urge作名词，意为“强烈的欲望；冲动”时，常用搭配have an urge to do sth或an urge for sth。如: He had an urge to open a shop ofhis own.他很想开一家自己的商店。 Leaving him off the guest list satisfied her urge for revenge. f把他 从客人名单上去掉，满足了她复仇的欲望。 ·urge还可用作及物动词，意为“催促；力劝；大力推荐”，常用 搭配urge sb to do sth,urge that sb (should) do sth,urge sth。如: They urged Congress to approve plans for their reform programme.他们敦促国会批准他们有关改革项目的计划。 The report urged that all children (should) be taught to swim. 这 份报告呼吁给所有的儿童教授游泳。 The situation is dangerous, and the UN is urging caution.局势岌 岌可危，联合国力主谨慎行事。

【词汇扩展】urge sb on 鼓励、激励某人 urge sb/s th+p r e p./c udv.鞭策... urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的 urgency n.紧急

【词汇巩固】根据括号内的提示，将句子补充完整。

1. Investigators urged that safety procedures at the site (improve).

2. He could no longer （抑制住去看望苏珊的冲动）.

3. （受....·鼓舞）his colleagues, he stood for election.

4. He's got to sign that paper-will you tell him （这很 紧迫)?

5.Everyone should be aware of （.. 的紧迫性）protecting the environment.

Keys:

o un n s g ( explode vi.&vt.爆炸；爆破

点击】·explode意为“爆炸；爆破”时，既可用作及物动词也可用作不 及物动词，常用搭配sth explode或sb/sth explode sth。如: Bombswere exploding all around the city.城里到处都响起炸弹 的爆炸声。 There was a huge bang as if someone had exploded a rocket outside.突然一声巨响，仿佛有人在外面引爆了火箭似的。 ·explode作不及物动词，可表达“（某人）情感突然进发；（人口 等）突然激增”之意，常用搭配sb explode(with/in/into sth)或 sth explode。如: Do you fear that you'll burst into tears or explode with anger in frontofher?你害怕在她面前突然大哭或勃然大怒吗？ The population explodes to 40,0oo during the tourist season. 旅 游季节人数暴涨至4万。

【词汇扩展】explosion n .爆发；感情进发；激增explosiveadj.易爆炸的；脾气暴躁的；暴涨的【词汇巩固】根据括号内的提示，将句子补充完整。

1. We all （一下子大笑起来）.
2.After the second (explode),all of London's main train and subway stations were shut down.
3. There was （热烈鼓掌）from the audience at the end of the performance.
4. It's high time that the government should take measures to halt （人口爆炸）.
5.Because the gas （极具爆炸性）， it needs to be kept in high-pressure containers.

Keys:

a ssxa undod it osnede go usod ue e sodxa i n m o pxatake over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手【用法点击】take over表示“占上风；取而代之”时，常见搭配是take over(from sth)；表示“（用武力）接管（政党、国家等）”时，常见搭配是take（sth）over（fromsth)；表示“（通过购买股份）接手（公司、企业）”时，常见搭配是take sthover。如：

Try nottolet negative thoughts takeover.尽量别受消极的想法左右。 It has been suggested that mammals took over from dinosaurs 65 millionyearsago.有人提出哺乳动物是在6500万年前取代恐 龙的。
The army is threatening to take over if civil unrest continues. 军方 扬言如果内乱继续就实行军管。
His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over. 他 投资这家公司的唯一原因是想接手它。

【词汇联想】takecontrolof控制；掌管【词汇巩固】 翻译句子。

1.汽车逐渐取代了马。

2.去年我接替他担任了销售部的经理一职。

3.约翰逊已经接手了父亲包括6家剧院在内的生意。

Keys:

xis s s so ao s r dp ss jo s se no yo i S o turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是

【用法点击】

turn out表示“关掉；熄灭；使朝外”时，为及物动词词组；表示“在场”时，为不及物动词词组；表示“结果是”时，常见搭配是turn out ^+ adj.ladv., turn out ^+ that从句或turnout ^+ to be n./adj.。如:Remember to turn out the lights when you go to bed. 临睡前别忘了关灯。

A vast crowd turned out to watch the procession.有一大群人出来 观看游行队伍。
Despite our worries everything turned out well.尽管我们很担心, 结果一切都顺利。
The job turned out to be harder than we thought.结果这工作比我 们想象的要难。
The house they had offered us turned out to be a tiny apartment. 他 们向我们提供的房子原来是很小的公寓套间。

【词汇联想】turn on打开 turn off关掉turn up 开大;调高；出现 turn down 调低；关小；拒绝turn over 翻身；翻转 turn to向.....求助turn(sb)back（使某人）原路返回

【词汇巩固】根据句意，用turn的词组填空。

1. The car and Nancy was thrown out.
2. They offered her the job but she it
3. Don't worry about the letter—I'm sure it will
4. If the day wet, we may have to change our plans.
5.The weather became so bad that the climbers had to
6.She could not bear the relentless music and the
volume.
7.Her husband was unsympathetic and she felt she had no one to

Keys:

0 u uop pu'9 q u's ino su't dn u'e uop p 7 o pu

第四部分 综合提高

基础训练

I．根据括号中所提供的汉语提示写出完整单词。

1. She pushed me and I fell （向后）into the chair.

2. He's a man of （正直）;he won't break his promise.

3. They （轻抛）a coin to decide who would get the ticket.

4. The temperature will reach a （最大限度）of 27% today.

5.Should I （去拿来）your coat for you from the next room?

6. （传闻）are going around that the manager is going to resign.

7. Don't be so （荒谬的）!I can't possibly afford to go on holiday.

8. The government has decided to increase （薪水）for allcivil servants.

9. We long for a society in which the （尊严）of all people is recognised.

10. The survey used a （随机的）sample of two thousand Grade 1 students.

Ⅱ．根据所提供的语境和首字母写出完整单词。

While science fiction often asks that most powerful question “W if?", it also deals with “This, now": refecting it, interrogating (拷问)it and satirizing (讽刺 )it. Science fiction can act at once as a g. into our future while holding a mirror up to our current state of society.

Indeed, it can act as a warning for the present to avoid a terrifying future or as a blueprint for future technology. Science fiction can i us to live better today so that we can live better lives tomorrow. As Scientific American noted,“Science fiction can remind us of wonderment(惊奇）and hope. But it also sends us a w —to think about the potential implications(影响）of our findings, beyond our idealistic dreams."

T to its brilliant creators, sci-fi becomes the perfect genre （体裁）to ask the greatest questions that humans dare to ask and broaden the concepts of what is possible in the u . Who are we and what can we become? Can technology make the world a better place? What will tomorrow bring—and what can we do today to make that a reality?

The genre of sci-fi can push the b of what we think is possible, like the legendary submarine mentioned in 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea far before any such vehicle existed. Or it can warn us of a near-future impacted by biotechnology, as in the MaddAddam trilogy. Sci-fi can even imaginehowEarthresponds tofirst contact with a ,a focus of The Three-Body Problem by Liu Cixin. Sci-fi and its creators know no limits to what can be imagined. Anything is possible.

This creative genre is only a book or a movie away. As science fiction grows in popularity, more books are being written, and more movies and TV shows are a these works for the screen. An adaptation of Dune is scheduled for 2021, and The Three-Body Problem as well as MaddAddam are also in development. The medium of film and television has brought science fiction to 1 and continues to inspire or scare viewers with visions of the future.

Ⅲ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. Morton stood (stun), unable to believe his ears.

2. We go and do the (week) shopping every Thursday.

3. The (appoint) hour of the ceremony was drawing nearer.

4. “I just smoke occasionally,” my grandfather said (guilty).

5. Do you agree that male and female roles are becoming (blur)?

6. We cannot make a precise (calculate)of the price until wehave all the costs.

7. All four countries have adopted the (declare) against hunting rare animals.

8. The workers were warned that they risked (dismiss) if the strike continued.

9. This may have been an improvement, but “breakthrough” was an (overstate).

10. Programming is a hot area of computer science that has seen a recent (explode) of interest among primary students.

IV.用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成短文。

Robots are playing a bigger role in helping to upgrade shopping malls,

are working hard to cater to(迎合）young consumers’ evolving shopping preferences. For instance, Cheetah Mobile, a tech company, (use) more than 7,000 robots in nearly 1,000 shopping malls so far, as it aims to analyze robotics’ big data to improve the (efficient) of offline economies.

Its robots used at shopping malls (name) AiM, and they can recognise consumers via facial recognition, attract consumers to retail(零 售）stores via voice interaction, collect consumers’ feedback, and send out coupons. Such (function) can help shopping malls and retail stores to better target consumers, Cheetah Mobile said.

(base) on the big data analysis of the traffic in shopping
malls, young people born in the 2000 s account for about 30 percent,
people born in the 1980s and those born from 1995 to 1999 together account
for about 40 percent. They have different shopping preferences compared their predecessors（前辈）.

Research from a commercial real estate service firm found that physical stores, (include) shopping malls, are no longer just shopping channels; they must upgrade (they) into experiential places, service centers, communication scenarios and more.

拓展巩固

V.给出画线单词或词组的汉语解释。

1. inch

① Twelve inches are equal to one foot.
② Residents watched the fames inch closer and closer.
③ He escaped death by an inch.

2. nail

① The tyre is flat—the nail has gone right through. ② A notice had been nailed up on the wall. ③ Have the police nailed the man who did it?

3. alien

①In1938 , a radio program by actor Orson Welles announced that aliens from Mars had landed on the earth.
② When I first went to New York, it all felt very alien to me.
③ Cruelty was quite alien to his nature.

4. suspend

① The builders worked on wooden platforms, suspended by ropes from the roof of the building. ② The police offcer was suspended while the complaint was investigated. ③ The introduction of the new system has been suspended until next year.

5. fall away

① On the other side of the hill, the land falls away sharply. ② On the bathroom ceiling, some pieces of plaster had fallen away. ③ Leo stared out the window of the plane, watching the runway fall away behind him.

MI.选择适当的单词或短语，并用其正确形式填空。

A

jolt presume whereas bonus fare absurd

1. The warm weather in winter has been a real
2. The airline has introduced a cheap return to New York.
3. In English law, a person is innocent until proved guilty
4. You eat a massive plate of food for lunch, I have just a sandwich.
5. I woke up with a as I thought I heard my bedroom door being pushed open.

B

conflict with more like science fiction test out pros and cons on the basis of

6. He held firm opinions which usually mine. 7. The Moon offers a great site to human missions to Mars. 8. Michael must remain confined the medical reports we have received. 9. We discussed the of dormitory life, and all of us agreed that living with roommates would bring us an interesting memory. 10. While household robots today can do the normal daily housework, social robots will be much companions than tools.

挑战超越

MI.用英语解释所给句子，每空一词。

1. This newly-produced model is technically better than its competitors. This newly-produced model is technically its competitors.
2. We strongly advise that systems should be put in place to prevent such accidents. We that systems should be put in place to prevent such accidents.
3. The Belgians took control of Rwanda by force under a League of Nations mandate. The Belgians Rwanda under a League of Nations mandate.
4. This automobile factory has been producing electric cars for over 20 years. This automobile factory has been electric cars for over 20 years.
5. You have to weigh up all the advantages and disadvantages of the matter before you make a decision.
You have to weigh up all the of the matter before you make a decision.

VII.根据所给汉语完成句子和段落。

1.那声音把鸟吓得飞走了。（alarm）

2.珍为最近和孩子们在一起的时间少了而感到内疚。（guilty)

3.如果昨天秘书不提醒他，他一定会失约的。（appointment）

4.现在虽然很艰难，但是我相信最终一切都会好的。（turnout)

5 . Tony gave Claire a new hairstyle and improved her makeup. （因为不允许托尼陪克莱尔去 商店）, he wrote out a list of things that he would need for the house. Claire went downtown and bought these things. （她预约好去做了指甲）,then she went into an expensive clothes shop. The saleswoman was rude to her, so she rang Tony and told him （她正在被粗鲁地对待）.He spoke to the woman who immediately changed her attitude. Claire （感谢托尼，并说他是个“可爱的人”）.As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought.

（从她脸上的神情来看）Claire knew that Gladys thought （他们正在谈恋爱）.
（毕竟）, she knew Claire's husband's name was Larry, not Tony. （尽管这完全是无辜的），Claire felt guilty.

第五部分 大显身手

I．单词拼写。

1. Lucy g the broken neck of the bottle.

2. She slowed down her p so I could keep up with her.

3. “"I'm not coming with you and that's final!" d Mary.

4. It's an a situation—neitherofthemwill talktotheother.

5.—Has he been home all week?- （推测）so.

6. The distant mountains looked （朦胧的）andmysterious.

7. Jenny shared stories of her days as a travelling （推销员）.

8.A bomb e at one of London's busiest railway stations this morning.

9. The car parts themselves are not expensive; it's the 1 that costs the money.

10.Researchers took 60 adults and （随机地）split them into three groups of 20.

Ⅱ．用适当的词填空，每空一词。

A

A self-portrait（自画像）was soldfor over 688,888$ in March, CNN reported. Its painter is neither Picasso Vincent van Gogh. Well, it's not even human.A robot, Sophia, developed by a Hong Kong firm Hanson Robotics, created the work. Sophia first processed an image drawn by Italian artist Andrea Bonaceto with its neural(神经）network. It then got creative and generated a new work based the original image. its activation（启动）in 2016,Sophia has obtained worldwide fame for its realistic movements and complex facial

B

Many people are familiar "made in China". But in recent years, the country has been known more often with “created in China"

In the past decade, Chinese researchers filed 390,000 artificial
patent( 专利)applications, the most of any country in the world. This for 74.7 percent of the world's total of 520,000 patents, according to the
China AI Development Report 2020. The of patent applications a

country has is one way of measuring the country's technological development.

According to the report, China leads the world in scientific research output in more than 10 AI sub-fields, including chip technology and machine learning. ,the country still needs to catch up in fields knowledge engineering and robotics.

Ⅲ.语篇填空。

No other writer was more influential to the golden age of science fiction US writer Isaac Asimov. With the upcoming Foundation TV series due for release this year, we've decided to look back at this author and how he helped to shape a genre and inspire millions with his stories.

(credit) with 20 million published words, Asimov always took readers on a journey to the future in his stories, where humanity spreads to the stars and machine life seeks to become human. “To read Asimov is to escape into a world infinite（无穷尽的）progress seems possible,” wrote LitHub. They mentioned “his wide-ranging intellect, his amiable（亲切友好的）writing style,his (optimism) spirit and the breadth of his imagination" as his many gifts.

In his 1942 short story Runaround, he (propose) the Three Laws of Robotics, rules to govern robots. the laws may not be practical when robots eventually arrive, they incited(鼓动）readers'—and other writers′—-imaginations and inspired them (think) about how humans and robots could coexist in the same world.

The Hugo Award-winning Foundation series was modeled The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Asimov's epic trilogy concerns humanity dealing with the fall of the Galactic Empire and how people deal with a force that cannot be stopped. Its (theme) are similar to today's “big-data” society and its dangerous powers.

Asimov's imagination pushed his readers to ponder the future—and present—like never before throughout his extensive body of work. “It is the writer might catch the imagination of young people,”" he said, "and plant a seed that will fower and come to fruition."

IV.根据所给单词和段首句，将SatisfactionGuaranteed的故事续写完整。

company Larry machine relationship law marriage love weep ashamed rebuild

Paragraph 1:

AfterTonyleft,Clairecouldn'thelpthinkingabouthim.

Paragraph 2:

On arrivingat thecompany,Claire asked toseeherTony.

KEYS

UNIT1 SCIENCEFICTION

第四部分

I. 1.backwards 2.integrity 3.flipped 4.maximum 5.fetch 6. Rumours 7.ridiculous/absurd 8. salaries 9.dignity 10.random
I.What, glimpse, inspire, warning, Thanks, universe, boundaries, aliens, adapting, life
Ⅲ.1. stunned 2. weekly 3.appointed 4. guiltily 5.blurred 6. calculation 7. declaration 8. dismissal/being dismissed 9. overstatement 10. explosion
IV. which, has used, effciency, are named, functions, Based, while, with/to, including, themselves
V.1. ① 英寸 ② 缓慢移动 ③ 险些；差一点2. ① 钉子 ② （用钉子)固定 ③ 抓住；逮捕3. ① 外 星人 ② 陌生的 ③ 格格不人；相抵触4. ① 悬挂 ② 使暂时停职 ③ 暂缓；推迟5. ① 倾斜 ② 脱落 ③ 消失
VI.1.bonus 2.fare 3.presumed 4. whereas 5.jolt 6.conflicted with 7.test out 8.on the basis of 9.pros and cons10.more like
Vll.1. superior to 2.urge 3.took over 4.turning out 5.pros and cons
Vll. 1.Alarmed by the noise, the birds flew away. 2. Jane feels guilty about spending less time lately with her kids. 3. If the secretary hadn't reminded him yesterday, he would have broken/missed his appointment. 4. It is a difficult time, but I believe things will turn out all right eventually. 5.As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, She had an appointment to paint her nails, she was being treated badly, thanked Tony, telling that he was a“dear", By the look on her face,they were in a relationship,After all,Although it was completely innocent

第五部分

I.1. gripped 2.pace 3.declared 4.absurd 5.presume 6.hazy 7.saleswoman 8.exploded 9.labour 10.randomly
II.A: nor, called/named, on, Since, expressions B: with, intelligence, accounts, number, However, like
Ⅲ.than, Credited, where, optimistic, proposed, Though/Although/While,to think, on, themes, that/who
IV. One possible version: After Tonyleft, Claire couldn't help thinking about him.She well remembered the time they spent together when Tony gave her a new haircut, changed her makeup, and made her more beautiful and her house more elegant. How she missed him! She wept day and night. After what seemed a long time, she found herself stillhaving a crush on Tony. Finally, she went to Larry's company, hoping to have Tony back. On arriving at the company, Claire asked to see her Tony. When she was shown into the workshop, she couldn't believe her eyes. Tony was already disassembled for examination, his parts scattering all around.She was also told Tony would be rebuilt because he violated Asimov's three laws of robotics. Not until then did Claire awake to the realisation that Tony was just a machine and Larry was the very one whodeserved her love.Months later, after several rides of emotional roller coasters, she let goofher

attachment to Tony and lived a happy life with Larry ever after.

UNIT2 ICONICATTRACTIONS

第四部分

I.1. equator 2.reflection 3.minority 4.visible 5.pitch 6.vibrate 7. domain 8.irrigates 9.temporary 10.Foundation
Ⅱ.．repaired, political iconic, Heritage liberty, explosions, standards, overcome, contributing, including
Ⅲ.A: 1. grander 2.reflection 3. licensed 4.investigation 5. inspiration 6.bakery 7. division 8.survival 9. discharge 10.entitled B: earth’s, encountering, measures, spiritual, was created, location, were painted, appearance, amazin enriched
IV. 1. ① 跳水 ② 把手伸进（口袋，公文包等） ③ 潜心研究2. ① 刑罚 ② 判决 ③ 句子3. ① 幸 存 ② 存活 ③ 比.….活得长4. ① 定调 ② 搭（帐篷） ③ 投掷
V. A: 1.impressed 2. more frequent 3. Vibrations 4.diving 5. monuments 6. multiculturalism B: broke out, breathe in/be exposed to, be exposed to/breathe in, preserve people's health, round the clock, do research on, gained approval, have been licensed to, are distributed among
VI.1. a premier holiday destination/a popular tourist destination 2. functioned/served/acted as 3. not to mention 4.to suit all tastes 5. made us feel at home 6.peak season
VIl.1. Located to the south of Dongting Lake, the province is referred to as Hunan, which means “south of the lake". 2. Recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014, the Grand Canal is the oldest and longest man-made canal in the world. 3. Theyhave a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life, and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went. 4.Consisting of5 parts including Manhattan and Brooklyn, New York City has many historic landmarks and is a great getaway. 5.After being here for a while, my biggest impression is the harmonious relationship between man and nature. 6.Xi'an is a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors from all over the world. 7. Be careful not to go to the Sydney Opera House during peak season, unless you want to wrestle with other tourists. 8. The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge symbolises the great efforts of the Chinese people as well as the great advancement of modern engineering.

第五部分

I. 1.arrows 2.freedom 3.herbs 4.visible 5.sponsor 6.hollow 7.slogan 8.Strait 9. domain 10. sample
Ⅱ. foundation, feed, composed/consisting, height, weigh, illegal, contributed/led, treasure, reserves/ preserves, endangered
I .A: lazily, with, friendliness, historical, an, hundredth, who/that, feeling, but, attracts