高中同步导学案

丛书主编：霍中夫 本册主编：李应兰

高中同步导学案

丛书主编：霍中夫 本册主编：李应兰

Unit 1 The mass media

Section I Welcome to the unit \&. Reading
Section ⅡI Grammar and usage &. Integrated skills 19
语法精讲 ① 过去完成时 26
Section II Extended reading &. Project... 28
Section IV Writing一大众传媒 42

Unit 2 Sports culture

Section I Welcome to the unit &. Reading 44
Section II Grammar and usage &. Integrated skills 59
语法精讲 ② 过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态 65
Section II Extended reading &.Project.... 67
Section IV Writing- -体育文化 78

Unit 3 Fit for life

Section I Welcome to the unit &.Reading 80
Section ⅡI Grammar and usage &. Integrated skills 93
语法精讲 ③ 现在完成进行时 99
Section II Extended reading &.Project 101
Section IV Writing 健康生活··· 112

Unit 4 Living with technology

Section I Welcome to the unit &.Reading 114
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage &. Integrated skills 129
语法精讲 \circledast 将来进行时 139
Section III Extendedreading \&. Project 140
Section IV Writing 生活与科技 151

附:

>课时作业(单独成册) (1～40)>单元检测卷(单独成册) 1~32⟩ >详解答案(单独成册) (1\~40)全书页码共计264页

[要点索引]

Unit 1

The mass media

Section I Welcome to the unit & Reading

新知感知·自学导引

I.核心词汇

1. ut. 使落入险境；卡住,绊住_n 陷阱，罗网；圈套；困境，牢笼
2. Ut. 发布；释放；松开；发泄n. 释放;发行;排放,泄漏
3. n. 救护车
4. n. 许多；(一)打；十来个
5. vi.&ut．尖叫；高声喊；发出大而尖的声音n. 尖叫,尖锐刺耳的声音
6. bark vi.Ut.n.
7. n. 香烟
8. carpet n
9. n. 例子，事例
10. adj. 错误的,不真实的;非天生的；假的，伪造的；不真诚的
11. minimum n.adj.
12.maximum n.adj.
13. Ut. 总结，概括n 金额,款项;总和,总数;全部

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

adj．批评的,批判性的;关键的；危急的7.批评

2. vi．&vut．延伸(距离);扩大;延长;伸展n.扩大；延伸；延期；扩建部分 \rightarrow adj．广阔的；广大的;大量的

3. n.建筑,建造；建造物 \rightarrow vt.建造
4. minor adj. \rightarrow minority n.
5. n.洗澡，洗浴；浴缸，浴盆 \rightarrow U. \l= bath)（给.....)洗澡；（使)沐浴
6. automatic adj. \rightarrow automaticallyadv.
7. Ut. \& vi．侦查,调查；研究 \rightarrow n ．调查；研究
8. n.新闻记者，新闻工作者 \rightarrow n.日志；日记；杂志 \rightarrow n.新闻业,新闻工作
9. priority n. adj.先前的；早前的
10.contradict ut. \rightarrow contradiction n.>contradictory adj.
11. factual adj. n.事实
12. vi．相异；意见相左→ adj.不同的→ n.差别;差异;不同(之处)
13. n.结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成Ut.作出.…...结论；推断出
14. adj．正确无误的;精确的 \rightarrow adv.准确地 \rightarrow n 、准确(性);精确(程度)
15. discrimination n. \rightarrow discriminate v.
16. n.好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品 \rightarrow adj．好奇的 \rightarrow adu.好奇地

Ⅲ.重点短语

1. 扑灭，熄灭
2. 被控制住,处于控制之下
3. 爆发，发生
4. 很多，许多
5. 洗澡
6. 消防队
7. (警报器等)突然发生巨响
8. 发生
9. 谈及，..·而言，在..方面
10. 偶然遇见
11. 匆忙下结论
12. 揭露，披露
13. 在.…..与..…之间变化
14. 总结，概括
15. 致力于

IV.重点句型

1. The fire, fromthe 8th floor, spread quickly through the towerblock on Sunday night, leaving people on theupperfloors trapped.周日晚上的大火被认为是从九楼开始的，很快蔓延到整座公寓大楼，把高楼层的人们困在里面。

2.Fears grew the number of deaths could reach 5, according to figures released by emergency services. 根据应急服务机构公布的数据，死亡人数恐将达 到5人。
3. ，the fire to the 15th floor. 截至此时，火势已蔓延到16楼。
4. 1 I heard people screaming and dogs barking. 我正要洗澡，突然听到人们的尖叫声和狗吠声。

文本研析·语篇理解

I.语篇结构

Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案

1. How long did it take the firefighters to get the fire undercontrol?

A. The whole night. B. 70 minutes.
C.75 minutes. D. 90 minutes.

2. What are the similarities between the two news reports about the fire?

A. The time and the place.
B. The time and the reason.
C. The place and the reason.
D. The place and the rescue efforts.

3. What is the function of the two news reports?

A.To show the author's concerns about the fire.
B. To provide detailed information about the fire.
C. To explain why the fire broke out.
D. To show different focuses on the fire.

4. What does the passage focuses on?

A. Reading news reports critically.
B. Writing online news reports critically.
C. Reading a magazine critically.
D. Reading a recent event critically.

Ⅲ.课文语法填空

A fire 1. (break）out in the Henderson Tower on Sunday night. It is thought to have started from the 8th floor，2. (spread) quickly through the tower block. 3. has been confirmed that 4 people are dead. The fire has left dozens of people injured, 5 of 4. are in a critical condition. The fire was started by a 5. （drop） cigarette end on a carpet of the 8th floor and the accident is currently being investigated further.

News reports on 6. sameeventsmay contain different or even contradictory information.

One reason is that， 7. （journalist）may have different priorities， which would affect how they report an event. What's more, even the news reports from the same perspective may differ 8. each other, as events in the world are changing. So facing such 9. （fact） differences, we should not rush to the conclusion that one of the news reports gives false information. Checking different sources enables us 10. (draw） a more informed conclusion.

In a word, when we read news reports, we should be a critical news reader.

教材助读·开放课堂

[词汇积累]

① critical /'krtikl/ adj. 批评的,批判性的；关键 的；危急的
② put out扑灭;熄灭
③ be thought to have done 被认为做了…···
\circled{4} trap/traep/ut.使落人险 境;卡住,绊住 _n .陷阱， 罗网;圈套;困境,牢笼
\circled{5} according to根据
\circled{6} release/rr'li:s/ut.发布； 释放；松开；发泄 n.释放；发行；排放,泄漏
⑦ ambulance /'aembjalans/ n. 救护车
\circled{8} extend /ik'stend/ vi.& vut.延伸(距离);扩大;延 长;伸展 extendto延伸蔓延到..
⊚ get...under control 控制住….
{10} construction /kan'strakjn/ n.建筑,建造；建造物
※ under construction 建设中

[教材原文]

Be a critical news reader!

[课文译文]做一名有判断力的

Firefighters put out tower block fire

10 July

Firefighters quickly put out? the Henderson Tower fire last night. The fire, whichis thought tohave started from the 8th floor, spread quickly throughthe towerblock onSundaynight, leaving people on the upper floors trapped. 【1】 Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5, according to figures released by emergency services. Fire engines and ambulances , called at 9:30 p.m.， reached the scene within 15 minutes. By this time,the fire had extended to the 15th floor. Firefighters got the situation under control around 11 p. m. There is concern that the constructioncompany thatbuilt the tower block had not followed fire safety rules.【2】 【1】主句主语为thefire，谓语为spread，which引 导的非限制性定语从句对主语thefire进行补 充说明。leaving people...是现在分词短语在 句中充当结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。本 篇课文中还有含有现在分词短语作结果状语 的句子。

新闻读者！

7月10日

消防员扑灭高楼大火

昨晚消防员迅速扑灭了亨德森大楼的大火。周日晚上的这场火灾被认为起于九楼，并迅速蔓延至整栋大楼，导致九楼以上的人被困。根据应急服务机构公布的数据，人们更加担心死亡人数可能达到5人。昨晚9点30分，消防车和救护车接到呼叫，并于15分钟内赶到火灾现场。此时火势已蔓延至十六楼。晚上11点左右，消防员控制住了火势。有人担心建造这栋高楼的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规范。

{11} break out 爆发,突然发生
{12} estimate v.& n.估计，估量
{13} confirm v.确认;确定;证实;批准
X confirm sb. /sth. ^+ adj.证实某人／物.….
{14} dozens of 很多,许多dozen /'dazn/ n.许多;(一)打；十来个
{15} minor /'maina(r)/ adj.轻微的,次要的
{16} bath /ba:θ／ n.洗澡,洗浴;浴缸,浴盆
{17} scream /skri:m/ vi. &.vt.尖叫;高声喊;发出大而尖的声音 _n .尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音
{18} bark /ba:k/vi.（狗)吠叫ut.厉声发令 n .（狗）吠声；短促响亮的人声；树皮
{19} choke /tfouk/ vt. & vi.(使)室息；(使)哽咽，（尤指感情激动而)说不出话来
{20} cigarette /isiga'ret/ n.香烟
{21} carpet //ka:pit/ m.地毯;覆盖地面的一层厚东西
{22} automatic /io:ts'matik/adj.自动的;无意识的，不假思索的
{23} go off (铃)响
{24} currently adu.目前
{25} investigate /in'vestigert/vUt．&vi.侦查,调查;研究

7月11日当地新闻第二版高楼致命大火造成严重损失

周日晚间突发一场可怕的大火，致使亨德森大楼严重受损。应急服务机构估计死亡人数可能达到9人。截至今天上午，已有4人确认死亡。大火还造成许多人受伤，其中5人伤势严峻。29岁的莉萨·迈耶是只受了轻伤的幸运人士之一。她回忆说：“我正要洗澡，就听到有人尖叫，还有狗在叫。我向外看，却被浓烟呛住。这就像一场可怕的梦。”

Deadly fireintower block causes serious damage

11 July Local news A2

A terrible fire broke out? on Sunday night, leaving the Henderson Tower seriously damaged. Emergency services estimate that the number of deaths could reach 9. By this morning, 4 people have been confirmed dead. The fire has also left dozensof people injured, 5 of whom are in a critical condition.【3】 Lisa Mayer, 29, is among the lucky ones who only suffered minor injuries.【4】 She recalled,“I was about to have a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking.【5】 1 looked outside and the smoke was choking me. It was like an awful dream."

【2Thereisconcern that...可以视为固定句型，意为“有人担心………”。第一个that引导的是同位语从句，该同位语从句中，thatbuiltthetowerblock是that引导的定语从句，对theconstructioncompany加以修饰，that在定语从句中作主语。

[3】"leave sb. ^+ adj.”是“leave ^+ 宾语 ^+ 宾补”形 式,injured 作宾补。5 of whom are in a criticalcondition是“数词 ^+ of ^+ whom”引导 的非限制性定语从句，对 dozens of people 进 行补充说明。

消防队队长彼得森先生证实，一根掉在九楼一块地毯上的烟头引起了火灾，而自动火警报警器没有及时报警，因而导致了灾难的发生。调查组目前正在进一步调查这起事故。

【4】who only suffered minor injuries 是关系代词who引导的定语从句，对theluckyones 加以修饰和限制。who在从句中作主语。

【5】be about to do...when...正要做.....这时·….·，为固定句式。

批判性地阅读新闻报道

Mr Peterson, head of the fire service, confirms that a dropped cigarette end on a carpet of the 8th floor started the fire and that the automatic fire alarms did not go off quickly enough to prevent the disaster. A team is currently investigating the accident further.

我们依赖新闻来了解周围的世界正在发生什么事情。然而，我们经常发现，对同一事件的不同报道往往包含不同甚至互相矛盾的信息。这些差异是如何产生的？

{26} rely on sb./sth. todo..．依靠某人/某物
{20} come about 发生
{28} journalist /'d3:nalst/n.新闻记者,新闻工作者
{29} priority /pra1'prati/ n.优先事项,首要事情；优先权,重点
{30} contradict /kontrs'dikt/rt.相矛盾,相反;反驳，驳斥
{31} in terms of 依据;在度看
{32} factual /faektfual/adj.事实的,真实的
{33} for instance 例如,比如instance /'instans/ n.例子,事例
{34} differ //difa(r)／vi.相异；意见相左
※ differ in在…·方面不同
{35} conclusion /kon'klu:3n/n.结论,推论;结束,结果;签订,达成
※ rush to the conclusion匆匆下结论draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion得出结论
{36} false /fr:ls/adj.错误的,不真实的;非天生的;假的，伪造的;不真诚的
{37} bring sth. to light揭露，披露
{38} worthy of mention值得一提的
{39} minimum /mnimm/n.最小值,最少量adj．最低的,最小的
{40} maximum /'maeksimom/n .最大量,最大限度adj.最高的,最多的

Reading news reports critically

We rely on news to learn? about what is happening in the world around us. However, we usually find that reports on the same events contain different or evencontradictory information.How do these differences come about?

It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different priorities，which would influence how they report an event. Let's take the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire as an example. We can see that the first news report pays more attention to the rescue efforts, while the second talks more about deaths and injuries. When we read more than one report, we come to understand an event in a more comprehensive way.

Even if news reports are written from basically the same perspective, they may contradict each other in terms of factual details, as events in the real world are usually complicated and constantly changing. For instance , the numbers of deaths differ in the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire. When we come across such factual differences, we should not rush to the conclusion that one of the newsreports gives falseinformation.【6】 Instead, check when the reports were written. News reports written at different stages of an event could contain different information as new facts are brought to light. Another aspect worthy of mention is that journalists may approach information they get from research or interviews differently. Suppose emergency services′ estimates of the number of deaths vary between 5 and 9. Journalists may choose to present the minimum， the maximum or something in between? in their news reports. Therefore, checking different sources enables us to draw a more informed conclusion.

【6】rush to the conclusion that...中 that 引导同位语从句，用来解释说明 the conclusion 的具体内容。

明智的做法是记住记者眼中的首要事项可能会有所不同，这会影响他们如何报道一则事件。让我们以这两篇有关亨德森大楼火灾的新闻报道为例。我们可以看到，第一篇新闻报道更关注救援工作，而第二篇谈论更多的则是伤亡情况。当我们读到不止一篇报道时，我们就能更全面地了解一起事件。

即使新闻报道的撰写角度基本相同，它们也可能在事实性的细节上相互矛盾，因为现实世界中的事件通常是复杂且不断变化的。例如，在两篇有关亨德森大楼火灾的新闻报道中，死亡人数截然不同。当我们发现这些事实性差异时，不应急于下结论，认为其中一篇新闻报道提供了错误信息。相反，要核查这些报道的撰写时间。随着新的事实被披露，在一起事件的不同阶段撰写的新闻报道可能包含不同的信息。另一个值得一提的方面是，记者可能会以不同的方式处理他们从调查或采访中获得的信息。假设应急服务机构估计的死亡人数在5人到9人之间，记者可能会选择在他们的新闻报道中呈现数据的最小值、最大值或中间的某个数值。因此，核实信息的不同来源能够让我们得出更有根据的结论。

总之，阅读从不同角度，不同阶段写就的新闻报

{41} inbetween在中间
{42} sum up总结，概括 sum/sAm/n.金额，款 项；总和，总数；全部
{43} accurate /lekjarat/ adj. 正确无误的;精确的
\circled{44} blindlyadv.盲目地
{45} be committed to致力于 committed/ka'mitid/ adj.尽心尽力的
{46} discrimination /duskrimi'neiJn/n.辨 别力，识别力；歧视，区 别对待

To sum up , it is wise to read news reports written from various perspectives and at different stages, which brings us a more accurate understanding of a situation. We also need to be critical about the information we receive and remember not to blindly? trust what we have read. Though journalists are committed to presenting the truth, it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports. With great discrimination, every one of us has the potential to be a critical news reader.

道是明智之举，这样可以让我们更准确地了解情况。我们也需要批判性地看待我们接收到的信息，并且记住不要盲目相信我们读到的新闻报道。尽管记者致力于呈现真相，我们最好还是运用自己的判断力，而非完全依赖新闻报道。有了明辨是非的能力。我们每个人都有潜力成为一名有判断力的新闻读者。

核心突破·互动探究

·第一版块|重点词汇诠释

put out扑灭,熄灭；把.…..·摆好,预备好（物品）;出版,广播，公布

①The fire was finally put out with the firefighters’ efforts.
在消防队员的努力下，火最终被扑灭了。

②The children helped to put out the bowls and chopsticks before dinner.晚餐前，孩子们帮忙摆放碗筷。

±b{\otimes} This magazine is put out every Friday.
这份杂志每星期五出版。

4The TV station puts out a half-hour programme on Chinese kungfu every day recently.最近，该电视台每天释放一档半小时的关于中国功夫的节目。

归纳拓展

put构成的其他短语：
put...away将.....收起，把.....放回原处；积蓄，攒钱
put sth.aside忽视，不理睬，忘记；储存，保留
putsth.forward提出，提议，建议；将.....提前
put sth.off推迟，延迟
putupwith容忍，忍受 即学即练判断下列句子中 put out的含义
① The fire was put out and the people were saved in the end.
⊚ We are very honored to invite the famous teacher and writer who has put out many books to give a speech to us.
③ Just keepmusicplaying throughout. And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!

trap vt．使落入险境,卡住,绊住n．陷阱,罗网,圈套,困境,牢笼

语境助记

(1)be trapped in.. . 困在.中，陷入. trap sb. into (doing） sth. 诱使某人(去做)某事
(2)lay/set a trap for... 为.….·…设下圈套 fallinto the trap（of doing sth.）落入（做某事的）圈套

We must keep clear-headed. Or we would fall into the trap the opponents set for us.

①A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.

我们必须保持清醒的头脑。 否则就会落入对手给我们设的圈套中。

一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。

Q1 remember that my little brother trapped his fingers in the door and hurt one of his fingernails.

我记得我的弟弟曾被门夹住手指，伤到了一个手指甲。

±b{\otimes} The eye-catching advertisements will trap us into buying things that we actually don't need.

这些引人注目的广告会诱使我们买一些我们实际上并不需要的东西。

4She had set a trap for the wolf and it had walked straight into it.
她给狼设了个陷阱，它径直走进了陷阱。 Do not fall into the trap of waiting for data that just does not exist.
不要落人苦等不存在的数据的圈套。

release vt.发布；释放；松开；发泄 ±b{n} ，释放；发行，排放，泄漏

①The new population figures have just been released.
新的人口数字刚刚公布。

±b{\wp} The police demanded that the innocent boy should be released immediately.警方要求立即释放那个无辜的男孩。

±b{\otimes} Firefighters took two hours to release the driver from the wreckage.消防队员花了两个小时将司机从汽车残骸中救出来。

4 Singing is a good way to release stress and emotions.
唱歌是释放压力和发泄情感的好方法。

±b{\Theta} The government has been working to secure the release of the victims.政府一直在努力争取使受害者获释。

±b{\mathfrak{s}} The latest film directed by the famous director is on general release.那位著名导演执导的最新电影已经公开上映。

±b{\mathscr{G}} Unfortunately, the accident caused the release of harmful gases into the atmosphere.

不幸的是，这次事故导致有害气体泄漏到大气中。

归纳拓展

release date 发布日期;发行日期;出厂日期
energyrelease 能量放出
release anger 发泄愤怒
release time 释放时间

即学即练单句语法填空

① Don't fall the trap of investing all your money in one place.
⊚ The shopkeeper trapped me into （buy）their poor quality milk.
③We get (trap) in a cycle of anger and hurt, and miss out on the beauty of life as it happens.
\circledast A search group was organized to look for the university students
(trap) in the mountains.

>即学即练单句语法填空/完成 句子

①0n that festival, 10，000
balloons (release)at
the ceremony.
⊚ Walking in the morning air has
the potential toreleaseyou stress.
③ It took the firefighters thirty
minutes to （从…….中把司机解救出
来）the badly damaged car.
\circledast The film is （正在公映），orrather，it
isbeingshown widely atlocal
cinemas.

extendvt.&vt.延伸（距离）;扩大；延长；伸展

(1)extend to/beyond 延伸到/超出extend a fence/road/house 扩建护栏/公路/房子
(2)extension n. 拓展extensive adj. 广阔的，广大的，大量的①The road before my house extends to the river.
我家前面的那条路延伸到河边。②The school is extending the range of subjects taught.
学校正在拓宽授课学科的范围。

即学即练 用extend 的适当形

式填空/完成句子

4 The travelers decided to extend their visit to see more about the beautiful scenery of China. 游客们决定延长逗留时间，多看看中国美丽的风景。

Jenny first extended the hand of friendship to Anna after they knew each other.
相互了解之后，詹妮首先向安娜伸出了友谊之手。 He's been granted an extension of the contract for another year.
他的合同获得延期一年。

辨析比较extend/expand/spread

① extend指范围的扩大、长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长。
The show has been extended for another six weeks.
展览会又延长了六周。
⊚ expand指尺寸、体积的扩大。
Water expands when it freezes.水结冰时体积变大。
③ spread指向四面八方展开,也指物种、疾病、消息、思想或文化 的传播。
The disease spread quickly in the village.
这种疾病在这个村庄里迅速蔓延。

constructionn.建筑，建造；建造物

① He first entered the country on a six-month visa, and was given a further of six months. ② Scientists have carried out research into the deep sea in the hope of finding new energy resources.
③ The highway all the way to the horizon leads us to that beautiful coastal town.
\circled{4} 这条地铁线从这座城市的东边延 伸到西边。
The metro line
in the city. ⑤ 到目前为止,面部识别技术已经 扩展到学校生活的许多方面。
Facial recognition technology
of school life so far.
(1)under construction 在建设中 the construction of.. ....的建设 a construction worker 建筑工人
(2)construct ut. 建造，建筑 ①The summer house was a simple wooden construction.
那座避暑别墅是简单的木结构建筑。

②Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.

江苏位于“一带”与“一路”的交汇点，将为“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。

③We have to take a flight because the new railway station is still under construction.

我们不得不乘飞机，因为新的火车站还在建筑之中。

联想拓展

(repair 在修理 consideration 在考虑 under treatment 在治疗 discussion 在讨论 即学即练单句语法填空 ① There's a big sports centre construction，which will be very impressive when it's finished. ⊚ The (construct) of the laboratory must have been completed by the end of July.

dozen ±b{n} ，许多；(一)打；十来个

a dozen eggs 一打鸡蛋 two/three/four dozen 两/三/四打 dozens of 很多，许多 by the dozen 成打地；按打计算 indozens = in large numbers 大批；成打地

±b{\Sigma} The assistant ordered three dozen bottles of water for the guests.
助理为客人订购了三打瓶装水。

②To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.为了做到这一点，我已经搜索了几十个剧本，找出我认为最能 体现短剧的力量和目的的那些。

③I've spoken tohim dozens of \mathbf{\dot{\rho}}= many）times,but I still don'tknowhisname.虽然我和他说过很多次话，但我仍然不知道他的名字。±b{\circ} Theeggswerepackedin dozens.鸡蛋是按打包装的。

特别提示

① dozen前有数词或者具有数词意义的词，如a，many，several,some，afew等时，dozen要用单数形式，后面接可数名词复数，且名词前通常无需用介词of。

Ibought two dozen eggs yesterday.我昨天买了两打鸡蛋。② 表示“部分与整体”的关系时，dozen即使是单数形式，也要加of,这时of后面多是一个加有限定词（如these，those，the等）的复数名词或代词。

Iwant two dozen of these soup spoons.我想买两打这样的汤匙。

investigatevt.&vi.侦查，调查；研究

(1)investigate sb.(for sth.) (因为某事)调查某人investigate into 对....·进行调查investigate and collect evidence 调查取证
(2)investigation n 调查；调查研究under investigation 调查进行中；在调查研究中

①Both he and a crew member are being investigated for exposing people to danger, according to police.

据警方称，他和一名船员都因将人们置于危险之中而接受调查。

OThe principal promised to investigate into that affair.
校长答应去调查那件事情。

±b{\otimes} The source of infection for all three cases is still under investigation.

目前仍在对三例病例的感染源进行调查。

句子
①1 have decided to buy two
(dozen）of those wonderful gifts for the children.
⊚ She went to the bookstore and bought dozens
famous books on history.
③ It appears in
（dozen） of movies,including all the Star Wars features.
\circled{4} Only about half
dozen people turned up.
In England, sugar is sold by the pound,eggs the dozen and cloth by the yard.
\circled{6} 真想不到，那个书店里的书按 打卖。
Surprisingly, in that bookstore, books are sold

语境助记

Aninvestigation into the spending habits of teenagers is ongoing.对青少年 消费习惯的调查正在进行中。

即学即练单句语法填空

① This is not the first time he （investigate）by the
police for fraud.
②An (investigate)
is underway to find out how the
disaster happened.
③ The cause of that crash is still investigation.
④ He ordered an investigation the affair.

comeabout发生，产生（不能接宾语，也不能用于被动语态）

含有come的其他常用短语

comeacross 偶然发现；偶遇；被理解
comeon （表示催促、鼓励、挑战、恳求等）来 吧;快点;开始
comeout 出版；发表；结果；（品质等)显现；开 花;被获知
comeup 出现；走近；(话题、议题等)被提起
come up with 想出，想到(主意、建议、答案等)
①How did the differences between British English and American
English come about?
英式英语和美式英语之间的不同是怎样形成的？

②Howdid itcome about thatyougotlost？你怎么会迷路了呢？

辨析比较take place/come about/breakout① takeplace意为“发生，举行”，常指计划或安排好的事情的发生与进行，不合偶然性。

The sports meeting will take place next week,运动会将于下周举行。⊚ comeabout多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常与how连用来要求对方说明或解释事情发生的缘由。

How did it come about that you failed to turn up in time yesterday？昨天你为什么没有及时出现？

③ breakout 多指战争、火灾、疾病、疫情等突然爆发。

A terrible forest fire broke out in that country last month. 上个 月那个国家发生了一场可怕的森林火灾。

contradictvt.相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥

即学即练单句语法填空

① The truth about what happened is beginning to come
⊚ The flowers are just beginning to come
③ He spoke for a long time, but his meaning did not really come \circled{4} How did it come
that he knew where we were?
\circled{5} No one has come up
a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs died out.
(1)contradict oneself 自相矛盾
(2)contradiction n 矛盾；反驳；不一致 be in contradiction to = be contradictory to 与..相矛盾
(3)contradictory adj. 矛盾的

①The two statements contradict each other.

这两种说法互相矛盾。

OYour attitude is in contradiction to your character.
你的态度和你的性格相反。

③ In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.

关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看

即学即练单句语法填空

① The student apologised to his teacher for
(contradict) him.
② What you have done admits of no (contradict).
③His public speeches are contradictory his personal lifestyle.
\circled{4} The poems may not make sense and even seem
(contradict)，but they are easy to learn and recite.

instancen.例子，事例

for instance 例如，比如jin the first instance 首先，第一in most instances 在多数情况下

±b{\Sigma} This is only one instance out of many.
这不过是许多例子中的一个。
±b{\mathscr{o}} What would you do, for instance, if you found a member of staff stealing？比如说，如果你发现有职员偷东西，你会怎么办？
±b{\otimes} Presented with two job offers, for instance, we may wonder exactly what it is we're choosing between.
面对两个工作机会，例如，我们可能会想知道我们到底在选择什么。

differvi.相异；意见相左differencen.差别；差异；不同之处

(1)differ in.. . 在·.·方面不同differ from.. 与……不同differ with sb. about/on/over sth.与某人在某事上持不同意见
(2)make a difference 有影响；有作用make no/some/much difference to/in对.····没有/有些/有很大影响tell the difference 辨别出差异
(3)different adj. 不同的be different from... 与.…·有所不同differently adv. 有差别地

①It is common that a person's two feet differ in length and width, so the more accurate the data is，the better the shoes are fit for one'sfeet.一个人两只脚的长度和宽度普遍存在差异，所以数据越 精确，鞋子就会越合脚。

±b{\mathscr{e}} The two sides still differ with each other over the question ofpay.
双方在报酬问题上仍各执已见。

±b{\otimes} Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a difference in the world.

汉娜是许多正在影响世界的年轻人中的一员。

4The rain didn't make much difference to the game.
这场雨对比赛没多大影响。 ±b{\mathfrak{o}} The performance is totally different from what I had seen before.
这场表演与我之前看的完全不同。

即学即练单句语法填空

① Can you quote me instance of when this happened? ⊚ Most states, instance, have a blood test requirement, but a few do not. ③ In most （instance）, the pain soon goes away.

语境助记

They are twin sisters. It's hard to tell the difference between them in appearance. However, they are different from each other in their habits and they also differ from each other in many other ways. But that makes no difference and they get on very well.她们是双胞胎姐妹。 在 外貌上难以把她们区分开。然 而，她们有不同的习惯，在其他 很多方面也不相同。 但那没有影 响，她们相处得很融洽。

》即学即练单句语法填空

① In our company, I'm in a rather
unique position, as my job is
different anyone else's.
⊚ I helped them to see themselves (different），and they
finally built themselves into winners.
③Scientists have introduced a new
model of 3-D printer, which differs the existing ones in
certain aspects.
④John and his brother differ personality even if their (different） in age is
not significant.
Students differ each
other this problem.

conclusionn.结论，推论；结束；结果；签订，达成

①We'll have a further discussion before we come to a conclusion.
得出结论之前我们将做进一步的讨论。 ②Don't jump to conclusions. We have to figure it out first.
不要妄下结论，先把事情搞清楚。 ③In conclusion, I'd like to thank you for all you've done for me.
最后，我要感谢你为我所做的一切。

4 We know well what difficulties we have to deal with to bring our work to a successful conclusion.

我们很清楚，要圆满完成我们的工作需要克服什么困难。

\mathbf{\triangleq} The programme concluded with a famous song， Memorable Tonight.
演出节目以一首名曲《难忘今宵》结束。 He concluded from their remarks that they were not infavour of theplan.
他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。

bringsth.tolight揭露，披露

语境助记

This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating. 这使琼斯得出结论，在他的社区 里有太多的极度孤独的人，他们 很容易成为欺骗的目标。

即学即练单句语法填空

① He drew the
(conclude） by building on his own investigation.
⊚ When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure
（conclude）itwith important points.
③ The two men discussed and came to conclusion that the helicopter would take the place of the car someday.
④ In （conclude), people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortages. ①These facts have only just been brought to light.
这些事实刚刚才被披露出来。

±b{\mathscr{o}} The article wants to bring to light important issues that affect the community.这篇文章想要将那些影响社区的重要问题揭露出来。

±b{\otimes} Finding actors who can really take your characters and bring them to life is very rare.

④1 was worried she would walk out or bring the interview to an end.我担心她会突然退席或者终止采访。

联想拓展

come to light vi.为人所知，暴露 bring..to lightvt.将.....曝光；揭露

即学即练完成句子

① 这些新的工具将会帮助结束这个糟糕的状况。
These new tools will help
⊚ 每个艺术品和工艺品都需要不同的技术使得原料变得栩栩如生。
Every art and craftrequiresdifferent techniques
③ 我作为记者的职责就是发现事实真相。
My job as a journalist is

sumvt.总结，概括n.金额，款项，总和，总数；全部

(1)sumup 总结;概述计算…的总数 to sum up 总之；概括地说
(2)in sum 总之；总而言之 a large sum of 一大笔；大量的

①To sum up,I wish you could live up to the expectations of our school.总而言之，我希望你能不辜负我们学校的期望。

②A good student usually knows how to sum up knowledge in good time.好学生通常都知道如何及时迅速地总结知识。

±b{\otimes} She donated a large sum of money to the charity.
她捐了一大笔钱给那个慈善机构。

联想拓展

summary n.摘要，概要adj.概括的，扼要的summarizev.概括，概述，总结

commitvt.犯（罪）；承诺，保证；花（钱或时间）vi.全心全意投入；忠于

±b{\Sigma} This government is committed to extending parental choice in education.本届政府承诺扩大父母在教育方面的选择权。

OBeing committed to his dream, in my opinion, is the reason why he could succeed in the end.

在我看来，致力于他的梦想是他最终能够成功的原因。

③They must commit to spending time with their older neighbours.
他们必须承诺与年长的邻居共度时光。

±b{\mathbb{o}} She doesn't want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at themoment.

她不想在此刻对史蒂夫在感情上作出重大的承诺。

And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitmentWilson madetopreventing thepreventable. 在非洲和亚洲，数千万人可以看到Wilson努力地阻止那些可以被 预防的事件发生。

>即学即练单句语法填空/完成 句子
① Will you please sum
the main idea of this article?
② sum，the two countries are nowtrueeconomic partners.

③ 总而言之，学习受到个人和身边 其他重要的人的情绪的影响。 learning is affected by emotions of both the individual and significant others.

>即学即练单句语法填空/完成
句子
① The government is committed to （reform）the
education system.
② A career as a teacher requires
one hundred percent
(commit).
③ Tu Youyou, a
（commit） and patient scientist, was
born in Ningbo.
④To be a faithful man, if you （作出承诺），you should (履行你的承诺).
⑤ It is not terrible to (犯错误）．The
most terrible thing is the fear
for it.
Huang Danian, who was a
talented scientist well known for
his commitment to his country, (致力于)
research into geophysics.

■第二版块|重点句型解构

（教材原句）The fire，which is thought to have started from the 8th floor， spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors trapped. 周日晚上的大火被认为是从九楼开始的，很快蔓延到整座公寓大楼，把高楼层的人们困在里面。

[句式分析］本句为主从复合句，which引导的非限制性定语从句，修 饰 thefire。v.-ing短语作结果状语，为"leave ^+ 宾语 ^+ 宾补”结构

（一）“主语 ^+ be thought ^+ 不定式(短语)”句型（1)该结构意为“..·.被认为.”，根据需要不定式（短语）有时态和语态的变化，即：

(to do (常表示一般情况或动作将要发生)to be doing (表示动作正在进行)
主语+betohave done （表示动作已完成）
thought+to be done (表示被动且动作将要发生）(tohavebeen done（表示被动且动作已完成）

①Advertising is thought to play a major role in the competitive business world.人们认为广告在竞争激烈的商界起着重要作用。

②Chinese is thought to be spoken even more widely in the futureworld.人们认为汉语将来在世界上的使用会更加广泛。

学法点拨

sb. be thought to do/to be doing/to have done sth.某人被认为做/正在做已 经做了某事
类似的还有：sb.be believed/said/ reported/known to do/to be doing/to have done sth. = It is believed/said/ reported/known that..
He is thought to be one of the greatest artists in China.他被认为是中国最 伟大的艺术家之一。
He is said to have written a new book about symphony.据说他写了一本关 子交响乐的新书。
A space station is reported to be built on the moon in the years to follow.
据报道，在接下来的几年里，月 球上将建立一个空间站。

在该结构中leave表示“让.….…处于（某种状态）”，"leave ^+ 宾语 ^+ 宾补"结构的常见形式：

>即学即练单句语法填空/句型转换 ① The idea is that white coats are associated with scientists, who are in turn thought
(have) close attention to detail.
⊚ John is thought
(make） great contributions to his class,but he himself doesn't think he has done anything special.
③ The project is hoped
（complete）by the end of 2022, which will be a popular tourist attraction of the city.
\circledast —I haven't seen Bob for days. What happened to him?
—He is said (look) after his mother in the hospital. ⑤ Green is said to be the most restful color.
→
green is the most restful color.

④I can't find my purse. I could have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.

我找不到我的钱包了。也许我昨天把它落在超市里了，但是我不确定。

(2)leave ^+ 宾语 +v, .-ing(结构）。v.-ing（结构)通常表示动作或状态的持续。

±b{\Theta} Kate's sudden leaving left us all wondering what was going to happen.凯特的突然离开使我们大家都想知道将要发生什么事。

(3)leave ^+ 宾语 +v .-ed(短语）。v.-ed(短语)通常表示动作的完成，其中宾语与构成 \upsilon_{\ast} .-ed的动词之间通常为逻辑上的动宾关系。

?You can't just leave the work half done and go back home.
你不能把工作做一半就回家。

(4)leave ^+ 宾语 ^{+} 名词。名词多表示一种结果。

±b{\oslash} The Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 left the little girl an orphan, but a rescuer adopted her.

2008年的汶川地震使那个小女孩儿成了一个孤儿，但是一位救援人员收养了她。

归纳拓展

现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然的、顺理成章的结果；不定式作 结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，且常与only搭配使用。 Many trees were blown down by the high winds,blocking roads andrailwaylines.许多树被大风刮倒，堵塞了道路和铁路线。 I hurried to his house, only to find out he was not at home. 我匆匆赶到他家，却发现他不在家。

>即学即练单句语法填空/单句 写作 ① The bad weather left the project half (finish). ⊚ Hearing the news, he hurried home, leaving the book (lie) open on the desk.

③ 你最好让窗户开着。

\circled{4} 我奶奶直接上床睡觉了，没有关电视。

\circled{5} 当你在刷牙的时候，不要让水龙头一直开着白白流水。

\circled{6} 房间里有火时，不要让孩子独处其中。

（教材原句）Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach5，according to figures released by emergency services.应急服务机构发布的数据显示，死亡人数可能达到5人，这令人愈发担忧。

[句式分析］本句为主从复合句，that引导同位语从句，解释说明 Fears.

that引导的同位语从句

同位语从句一般跟在某些名词（belief，doubt,fact,hope,idea,news，possibility，promise等）后面，用以解释说明这些名词的内容。最常见的引导词是that，在从句中不作任何成分，但不能省略。此外，同位语从句的引导词还有how，when,where，why等，可翻译为相应含义。

\mathbf{±b{\wp}}1 had no idea that he had already gone abroad.
我不知道他已经出国了。

±b{\wp} The text tells us a fact that smoking does great harm to people's health.

这篇文章告诉我们这样一个事实一—吸烟非常不利于人的健康。

③He can't answer the question how he got the money.
他无法回答这笔钱是怎么得到的这个问题。

注意：that引导的同位语从句最容易与定语从句相混淆。应注意，that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但不能省略；而that引导定语从句时，在从句中必须充当成分，在从句中作主语时不可省略，在从句中作宾语时可以省略。

>即学即练单句语法填空/改写 句子(改为同位语从句)
① The possibility
there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
⊚ There is potentially good news for coffee-lovers
drinking two to three cups of coffee a day may help people live longer. ③ The question
English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer since it is certain that this process will continue.
\circled{4} —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea
he did it; that's one of his favorite universities. Have you heard the news that our team won the match?
你听说我们队赢得比赛的消息了吗？（同位语从句，that在从句中 不作成分）
The news that he told you wasn't true.
他告诉你的那个消息不是真的。（定语从句，that在从句中作told 的宾语）

归纳拓展

(1)有时，同位语从句和它所说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，这种同位语从句叫作分隔式同位语从句。

The news has spread all over the school that our class won the game.

我们班赢得比赛的消息已传遍了整个学校。

(2)在 suggestion,order,request 等表示“建议、命令、要求”等意义的名词后面的同位语从句中，其谓语部分要用“should ^{+} 动词原形”的形式,其中 should可以省略。

Tom's suggestion that the meeting （should） be cancelled was turned down.汤姆提出的取消会议的建议被拒绝了。

I had no idea he went home, perhaps by bike.
\circled{6} We should consider the students' request the school library （provide） more books on science.
⑦ Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which made our Chinese people very proud.
\rightarrow The news made our Chinese people very proud
\circled{8} The earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years, which has worried many scientists.
\rightarrow The fact has worried many scientists

（教材原句）By this.time，the fire had extended to the 15th floor.截至此时，火势已蔓延到16 楼。

[句式分析]“by ^+ 时间点”作时间状语
“by ^+ 将来时间”作状语，句子谓语动词用将来完成时；“by ^+ 现在时 间”作状语，句子谓语动词用现在完成时；“by ^+ 过去时间”作状语， 句子谓语动词用过去完成时。
①By last week,he had read twenty books.
到上星期为止，他已读了20本书。
②By now, they have finished reading materials.
到现在为止，他们已读完了阅读材料。
③By the end of next month, we will have finished the project. 到下月底为止，我们将完成这项工程。

归纳拓展

① 过去完成时表示到过去某时间为止所做过或完成的事情(如例①);
⊚ 现在完成时则表示到现在为止，所做过或完成的事情(如例②)；
③ 将来完成时是表示到将来某一时间为止，将要完成的事情(如例 ±b{\otimes} )。

即学即练单句语法填空

① Marty has been working really hard on his book and he thinks he （finish）itby Friday.
⊚ By 4:30 p.m.， which was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings (sell).
③ By the time Jack returned home from England, his son
(graduate) from college.
\circled{4} By now，we
(complete) 90 % of our task.

（教材原句）I was about to have a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking. 我正要洗澡，突然听到人们在尖叫，狗在吠叫。

[句式分析］be about to do sth.when...句式
①I was about to ring him up when he dropped in on me.
我正要给他打电话，就在这时他顺道来看我了。
②Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关窗户，就在这时一只鸟吸引了他的注意力。

归纳拓展

when表示“就在这时”时还可用于以下句型： ① be doing sth.when...正在做某事，就在这时..... They were playing football on the playground when it rained. 他们正在操场上踢足球，就在这时下雨了。

即学即练单句语法填空

①I was about to leave
the telephone rang.
⊚ I was on the point of
(leave) when the telephone rang. ③ He was just about
(dive）when he saw the shark.

② be on thepoint of doing sth.when...正要做某事，就在这时..... She was on the point of leaving her house when one of her friends came.她正要离开家，这时她的一个朋友来了。 ③ had（just）done sth.when...刚刚做了某事，就在这时...…. I had just finished my homework when my mother asked me to practise playing the piano.我刚刚做完作业,妈妈就让我练习弹钢琴。

④1 （watch）the football match when he came in. I had just （go）to bed when the telephone rang.

课时达标·随堂自测

I.单词拼写

1. Please call an ambulance right now! One of the victims of the fire remains in a （危 急的）condition.
2. The famous brand was （使落入险 境）into the unfair competition.
3. Journalists have （发布）no further details about the accident.
4. （救护车）should have priority over other road users in an accident.
5. The company plans to （延伸）its operations into Europe through its immensely powerful distribution channels.
6. Because of the housing shortage, our nation has been developing the (建筑） industry during these years.
7. Where did you purchase a （一打） eggs?
8. In that country, there is a widespread sex discrimination that women play a relatively （次要的）role in the family.
9. Please try to persuade her. She is (尖叫） very loudly without control.
10. Absorbed in watching TV, he was （室息） on a piece of toast.
11. With the development of science and technology, the fully （自动的）vehicles spring up in recent years.
12. The witness said that the police were （调查）what happened in this park.
13. A good （记者）should keep his account of events as factually as possible.
14. In order to deal with the issue, the top （首要事情）is to sponsor negotiation between the two sides.
15. All evening her husband （反驳） everything she said.
16. The advertisement contains a number of （根据事实的）errors.
17. The expert cited the story of the old man as an （例子）to persuade them.
18. The two categories of plants are alike in appearance but （相异）greatly inenvironmental preferences.
19. It took the ambassador some time to reach the （结论）that she was innocent.
20. The gossip that she witnessed the event later proved to be entirely (假的).

Ⅱ.短语填空

get trapped in; release... from;under
construction; dozens of; choke up; come about; be
committed to;for instance; draw a conclusion;to
sum up; out of curiosity; differ from
1. According to the TV broadcast, the stream has frozen, and you can see a lot of fish the ice.
2.The new platform of the glorious hotel is
3. It took the firefighters two hours to put out the fire, and finally the driver the remote building.
4. citizens in Beijing come to visit this glorious museum.
5.The boy terribly undergoing the loss of his memorable gift from his mother.
6. No one knew how this complex state of affairs
7. Scientists have dug up many critical discoveries simply
8. It is not complex to from the factual evidence.
9. Red Sorghum, is the representative work of Mo Yan.
10. When she was young, she fighting against racial discrimination with patience.
11. These two theories in journalism each other in many dimensions.
12. ，this edition of the novel is a novel with many logical plots.

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1. Learning to think (critical） is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
2. After the hurricane, teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people (trap) in powerless high-rise buildings.
3. The new airport construction lies in the east of the city. It will be completed in two years.
4. The little boy looked at the box for a long time and then he opened it out of (curious).
5. When you and your parents have got into an argument during a discussion, collect your thoughts and state your case as (accurate) as you can.
6. His success was because of the fact he had been working hard.
7. My mother asked me to buy several (dozen) eggs for the dinner party.
8. Always believe that your goal is atainable as long as you are committed to (achieve) it.
9. The ambassador is expected to be released the hospital today.
10. The maximum repayment period will be extended 20 years.
11. Traffic reached its peak when the car crash happened, and the cause of the crash was still under (investigate).
12. The young man chooses his job as a (journal) because of his curiosity.
13. His failures underline the (differ) between drama and film direction.
14. No （conclude） should be drawn before all the facts are brought to light.
15. Changes in tax rates will be brought light next month.

IV.完成句子

1.昨天快半夜时我们社区发生了火灾。 It was almost midnight when in our neighbourhood yesterday. (break)

2.——你看到关于昨天燃气爆炸的新闻了吗？是的，在现场的三十五名矿工中，只有两名被认为安全获救。—Have you seen the news about yesterday's gasexplosion?—Yes. Only two of the thirty-five miners at thescene .(think)

3.在网上购物方面，我无论买什么，都倾向于参考消费评级。tend to consult consumption ratings whatever Ipurchase.(term)

4.最好让听众期待听到更多，而不是坐在座位上焦 躁不安地等待着你的演讲最终结束。 It'sbetter to than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end. (leave)

5.不对这次事件进行广泛的调查，我们就不能得出 结论。 Wecan't without having a wide investigation into the matter.(conclusion)

6.屠呦呦突然想起，他们可以用另一种方法做实验。An idea came to Tu Youyou.（同位语从句）

Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills

新知感知·自学导引

I.核心词汇

n. 公民；市民，居民

2. ut. 遣责，控诉

3. n. 税，税款 vt. 对.…·征税，使纳税

4.mount vi. ut. n.

5. n. 类别,种类

6. adv.

8. n.

9. n 图表;海图；( 排行榜 Ut. 记录；制订计划；绘制区 域地图

10. broadcast n. vi. &. vt. （过去式 过去分词

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

vt.(过去式 ，过去分词创建，创办；建立,兴建 \rightarrow n.创建，创办

2. n ．政治，政治事务；（个人的)政治观点，政见 \rightarrow adj.政治的；政府的，政权的

3. n ．行业，职业；同行；宣称，声明 \rightarrow adj．职业的；专业的 \rightarrow n.教授；讲师

4. n.戏剧；戏剧性事件 \rightarrow adj.突然的；巨大的；令人吃惊的→ adu.显著地；剧烈地；戏剧性地；引人注目地
5. n.奖学金;学术→ n.学者;奖学金获得者
6. n.版本；一份，一期；版次 \rightarrow vt.&vi．编辑；编纂；校订 \rightarrow n．（报纸、杂志的)主编,编辑
7. n.互动；互相作用→ vi．交流；相互影响；相互作用 \rightarrow adj．合作的；相互影响的;交互式的
8. n．（统称)会员，会员人数；会员资格→n．成员：分子

Ⅲ.重点短语

1. 控告某人(做)某事
2. 商业策略
3. (尺寸和数量上)增加，
上升
4. 把.看作
5. 迅速出现，突然兴起

IV.重点句型

1. Pulitzer was the first the training of journalists at university level. 普利策是第一个提倡在大学里培养记者的人。

2. The variety and accessibility of online news means that the rapid rise of online news media

网络新闻的多样性和可获得性意味着网络新闻媒体的快速崛起不大可能停止。

核心突破·互动探究

·第一版块|重点词汇诠释

foundvt.（founded，founded）创建，创办；建立，兴建

(1)be founded on/upon.. . = be based on/upon... 建立在.··.的基础上
(2)founder n. 创办者；发起人 foundation n. 基金会；基础

①Peter was not only an respectable teacher, but also the man who founded the debate club in my school.

彼得不仅是一位值得尊敬的老师，也是我校辩论俱乐部的创办者。

②Pompei was a typical Roman city. It is believed that the city was foundedaroundthe7thcenturyBCE.庞贝是一个典型的罗马城市。 人们认为它兴建于公元前7世纪左右。

3The couple's marriage is founded on love and respect.
这对夫妇的婚姻建立在爱情和尊重的基础上。 >特别提示found与find的区别与联系
find的过去式和过去分词均为found；found作“建立；创办”讲时， 过去式和过去分词均为founded。

即学即练单句语法填空

① A good relationship should
on trust. Besides, money shouldn't be the of friendship. (found)
⊚ Theancient civilizations of Central America and Latin America were founded corn. ③ Claude Monet was one of the （found） of the Impressionist movement that completely changed the style of French painting inthe 19th century.

accuse vt．谴责，控诉

(1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth. = charge sb. with (doing) sth. 指责 /控告某人(做)某事 (2)accusation n. 指责；谴责；控告

①In response, some people accuse critics and news reporters of being cheated by the entertainment industry.
作为回应，一些人指责评论家和新闻记者受到了娱乐产业的欺骗。
②I don't want to make an accusation until I have some proof.
我要有一些证据以后才提出控告。 >联想拓展表示“控告”或“指责”的其他短语：
(charge sb.with（doing）sth.控告/指责某人（做了）某事
(blame sb.for（doing）sth.责怪/指责某人（做了）某事
A group of young men were charged with disturbing public order. 一群年轻人被指控扰乱公共秩序。
The teacher blamed him for not finishing his homework.
老师因为他没完成家庭作业而责备了他。

即学即练单句语法填空

① On the other hand, they could be
in trouble if some one accused them ignoring their right.
⊚ The government denied the (accuse） that it was
involved in the murders.

mountvi.逐步增加vt．攀登，爬上n．山（用作山名的一部分）.….….山，…..·峰（此时常写作Mount，缩写形式为Mt.）

(尺寸和数量上)增加，上升

\mathbf{\^{o}} The pressure mounted as the crisis continued.
随着危机的持续,压力在不断增加。

②If you hide away your problems and pretend that they don't exist, they will just continue to mount up. 如果你把问题藏起来，假装它们不存在，问题只会越积越多。

③He mounted the stairs and looked around him slowly.
他登上楼梯，慢慢环顾四周。

4A car suddenly mounted the pavement to avoid a vehicle coming in the opposite direction.

有辆汽车为了躲避迎面驶来的一辆车，突然冲上了人行道。

When men are of one heart,they can move Mount Tai.
[谚]人心齐，泰山移。 >即学即练判断下列句子中 mount的词性及含义/单句语法填空 ① He mounted the platform and addressed the crowd.
⊚ Tension here is mounting, as we are waiting for the final result of the job interview.
③ Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding Road".
\circled{4} If these costs keep mounting ，I don't know how we'll be able to keep the business running.

witnessvt．&vi.是发生....的时间（或地点）,见证；目击；作证；是....·的迹象n.目击者，见证人；证人

be（a）witness to sth. 看见（某事发生）；为··.提供证据(bear/give witness to.. 为...··作证，证明

① However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.

然而，她的孩子们在目睹母亲获得学位的过程中也学到了重要的一课。

②The 2lst century witnesses the rapid development of informationtechnology.21世纪见证了信息技术的飞速发展。

±b{\otimes} The little girl was shocked by the scenes she had witnessed.
这个小女孩被亲眼看到的场面震惊了。

4Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward and tell them the truth.警方呼吁目击者站出来告诉他们真相。

±b{\Theta} His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。 ±b{\mathfrak{o}} The witness whohad witnessed the accident promised tobe a witnessincourt.
那场事故的目击者承诺会出庭作证。 ±b{\mathscr{G}}\mathbf{I} bore witness to his innocence, which I thought was right.
我证明了他的无辜，我认为这样做是对的。

>即学即练单句语法填空/单句 写作

①Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration,
（witness）a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.
⊚ As an American living in Tianjin for about 10 years, Chris says that it has been an honor to be a witness China's great development.
③ The (witness) questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
\circledast 过去几年我们的家乡发生了巨大 变化。

springup迅速出现，突然兴起

①There's a feeling of spring in the air today.
今天可以感受到一点春天的气息。

②Our city is a mountain city and there is spring through the mountain.我们的城市是山城，山上有泉水。

③Play areas for children are springing up all over the place.
儿童游乐场如雨后春笋般在这个地方四处出现。
4 Tall buildings seemed to spring up overnight in this city.
这座城市的高楼似乎一夜之间拔地而起。
The idea for the novel sprang from a trip to India.
写这部小说的想法源于一次去印度的旅行。

·第二版块|重点句型解构

即学即练根据语境猜测 spring的词义/完成句子

① She began by being a joyful stream of water, a spring always dancing and singing as she ran down from thetopofthe mountain.

\circled{4} 许多巨大的高层建筑在这座城市拔地而起。Many monster high-rise buildings

（教材原句）Pulitzer was the first to advocate the training of journalists atuniversity level.
普利策是第一个提倡在大学里培养记者的人。

[句式分析］不定式作后置定语的常见情况(1)当被修饰词本身就是序数词、形容词最高级，或前面有序数词、形容词最高级或 the only，the very，the next，the last 等时，常用不定式作后置定语。

①They are the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comforts.
他们是吃苦在先、享乐在后的人。 ②I don't think he is the best one to do the work.
我认为他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。

(2)当被修饰词为 something，nothing，anything 等不定代词时，常用不定式作后置定语。

(3）当被修饰词是抽象名词 time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等时，常用不定式作后置定语。

\mathbf{δ}_{\mathbf{δ}}^{\mathbf{δ}}\mathbf{δ}_{\mathbf{δ}} get a chance to go sightseeing in Europe.
我获得了一个去欧洲观光的机会。

±b{\mathbb{S}}\mathbf{I} have no time to go shopping now.我现在没有时间去购物。(4)Therebe句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语，不定式为主动式或被动式均可。

即学即练单句语法填空

① China was the first country （drink）green tea more than 4,000 years ago.
⊚ That is the only way we can imagine (reduce) the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.
③ Our tour also includes a chance （walk）in the footstepsofVan Gogh and Gauguin.
\circledast He gave us a lot of help when we were in trouble, but we had nothing (give）him in return. OThere are many interesting places to visit/to be visited in this area.
这个地方有很多有趣的地方可以参观。

归纳拓展

① 不定式作定语通常要放在它所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，即不定式的动作发生在谓语之后。形容词作不定代词的后置定语：形容词修饰由 some-，any-，no-，every-构成的复合不定代词和复合否定代词时，必须放在它们后面。

⊚ 形容词作疑问词的后置定语：形容词修饰疑问代词what，which，who，whose，whom和疑问副词when，where，why，how的时候，要后置。

③ 动词不定式作后置定语：动词不定式也是一种比较常见的后置定语的形式。在初中阶段，主要有这样一些常见的搭配还有某些名词后可用动词不定式作定语。

\circled{4} 分词短语作后置定语：现在分词用作后置定语通常表示这个分词的逻辑主语和它是一种主动关系，但由于句中已经有了谓语，所以在这种情况下只能用非谓语动词中的现在分词的形式来表示。

（教材原句）...it was the fourth time he had won it.....这是他第四次获该奖。

[句式分析］It/This/That was the first/second/...time（that) sb.haddonesth.这是/那是某人第一次/第二次/..…做某事。 It was the first time she had seen him in person.
这是她第一次见到他本人。

说明

(1)It/This/That was the first/second/...time十that从句（过去完 成时)。
It/This/That is the first/second/... time ^+ that从句（现在完成 时).
这是/那是·…··第一次/第二次.

It is the first time that I have heard thunder this year.

这是我今年第一次听见雷声。
(2)It/This/That is one's first/second/...time to do sth.
这/那是某人第一次/第二次/…····做某事 It is Linda's first time to come to China.
这是琳达第一次来中国。
(3)It's time that sb.did/should do sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。
It's time that we took/should take some measures.
是我们采取一些措施的时候了。 >即学即练单句语法填空/完成 句子
① It is the third time that she （win）the race, which has surprised us.
⊚ That was the second time that the foreigner (come）to our school.
③ It's time that you
(hand) in your papers.
\circled{4} It was the third time that I (be） to America.
It （be）the firast time that she had lived independently. \circled{6} It's my second time
(visit) the Great Wall.
⑦ This was the first time
（我唱一首英文 歌） before so many people.

(教材原句）...technology has transformed the way people get news... ·…·科技改变了人们获取新闻的方式……

[句式分析]theway ^+ 定语从句

The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.
史密斯夫妇因抚养孩子的方式而受到赞扬。 >即学即练单句语法填空/完成 句子
①What surprised me was not what he said but the way
he said it.

>说明

the way作定语从句的先行词时有以下三种情况：

(1)关系词在从句中作状语，用in which，that或省略关系词。Is this the way (that/in which) you protect the endangered species?这是你们保护濒危物种的方式吗？

(2)关系词在雁句中作主语，用that或which。
He found the way that/which led to success.
他找到了通向成功的路。 (3)关系词在从句中作宾语，用that,which或省略关系词。
The way (that/which) he told me sounds ridiculous.
他告诉我的方法听起来很可笑。
⊚ We admire him for the way he faces difficulties.
③ No one will suport the way he mentioned at the
meeting.
④I dislike the way
he suggested to settle the problem.
\circled{5} 用来解决这个问题的方法是很实
用的。
is really practical.
\circled{6} 这是你能想象的减少空气污染的
方法吗？
Is this the way ？

教材原句） The variety and accessibility of online news means that the rapid rise of online news media is unlikely to stop.网络新闻的多样性和可及性意味着网络新闻媒体的迅速崛起不可能停止。

[句式分析］be likely/unlikely to do sth.很可能/不大可能做某事 Itislikely/unlikelythat...很可能/不太可能....…. It is likely that... = Sb./Sth.belikelyto do sth.很可能.....

\mathbf{\^{o}} The job is unlikely to be finished in a year.
这项工作不大可能在一年之内完成。

DAll in all, at least at this stage, it's unlikely that online learning will evolveinto the dominantform of education.总而言之,至少在 现阶段，网上学习不太可能发展成为教育的主导形式。

③One study showed that women who drank a lot of coffee were more likely to have children with birth defects. 一项研究表明喝很多咖啡的女人更可能生出有先天缺陷的孩子。

① It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.如果继续吸烟，你的身体健康可能会受到损害。

■名师点评可能性大小:probable>likely>possible

Sb./Sth. be possible to do sth. (x) Sb./Sth. be probable to do sth.( x It is possible (for sb.） to do sth.( \surd It is likely/possible/probable that... \downarrowsqrt{ likely的主语既可以是人，也可以是物，还可以是形式主语it；而 possible，probable通常只能用it作形式主语。如：

她有可能通过这次考试。

She is likely to pass the exam.
It is possible for her to pass the exam.
It is likely/possible/probable that she will pass the exam.

>即学即练单句语法填空/句型 转换

① If one is late for a job interview, is unlikely that he will get the job.
⊚ Studies show that people are likely （suffer）from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
③ You are likely to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.

拒绝吸收远离二手烟

课时达标·随堂自测

I.单词拼写

1. They offer a 20 % discount to the senior (市民).
2. The construction was （建立）by English settlers in 1790.
3. She （谴责）him of lying about the accident that came about two days ago.
4. Pressure is （增加）onthe government to change the present tax law.
5. Harper was a journalist by (职业).
6. The girl who won the （奖学金） studied psychology in college.
7. These radio dramas can be divided into three main (类别).
8. （尽管如此），you should always focus on the minimum quantity, not the maximum.
9. Despite the increasing costs of advertisement, the retail trade is （见证）a sharp fall in sales.
10. She has purchased many first （版 本） of Victorian novels.
11. Dozens of people were standing on the (站台).
12. When the drama finished, there was an （互动）between performers and their audience.
13. Their （会员人数）seems to have mounted up over 10,000.
14. The concert will be （播送）live on many television channels in German.

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1. Their conclusions were largely (found) on guesswork.
2. Citizens accused the officials being selfish.
3. The cost of the advertisement quickly mounts
4.His （profession） career as a journalist started in 2008.
5. She plays a very （drama） woman with flashing eyes in the broadcast.
6. This book about politics was first published in 1858，and is now in its {12th} (edit).
7. New constructions such as theatres and arts centres sprang all over the country.
8. The drama follows the (interact）of three very different characters.
9. This club was founded three years ago, and now it has a very large (member).
10. Yesterday, they （broadcast）the tennis game on radio and TV channels.
11. The right conclusion is （like）to be drawn at this moment because the evidence is not enough.

Ⅲ.完成句子

1.你住宅区的邻居可能会遣责你半夜弹钢琴。 Your housing estate neighbours may at midnight.
2.尽管他的父母竭力劝他不要借钱，但他的债务还 是在增加。 Although his parents tried to persuade him to stop borrowing money，his debts continued
3.他总是第一个来最后一个走。 He is always the first and the last
4.病人的条件不可能改善提高。 The conditions of the patients

语法精讲①

1.构成：had ^+ 过去分词

2.基本用法

过去完成时

(1)过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，表示在过去某 一时刻或某一动作以前已经发生或完成了的动 作，常与时间状语“by ^+ 表示过去的时间”和before 等引导的短语或从句连用。
①Silk had become one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
大约在公元前100年，丝绸已经成为“丝绸之路”上 交易的主要商品之一。
±b{\mathscr{o}} By nine o'clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
截至昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张宇宙飞船发 来的图像。
±b{\otimes} The two didn't know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before. 这两个人并不太了解对方——泰勒大概一个月前 刚搬到镇上。
(2)用于宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句中，表示主 句和从句发生的动作有先后关系。动作发生在前 的,用过去完成时；动作发生在后的,用一般过去时。 ±b{\circ} The woman said she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised \mathbb{S} 25, 000 for homeless children.
这位女士说她不但已经减了125磅，还为无家可归 的孩子筹集了25,000美元。
During his stay in Xi'an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friend had recommended.
在西安逗留期间，杰里几乎品尝了他朋友推荐的 所有当地美食。
①Mr. White had worked in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month.
怀特先生上个月退休了，他之前在我们学校工作 了将近40年。
(3)表示在过去某一时刻之前已经开始并一直延 续到这一时刻的动作或状态，常和 for,since引导 的时间状语连用。 O1 had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
当公共汽车终于来了的时候，我已经在车站等了 20分钟。
8He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自1949 年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
(4)有些动词用过去完成时可以表示过去未曾实 现的希望、打算或意图，如 hope,plan,think, intend,mean(打算)等。
9I had planned for 30 guests,but only 10 arrived. 我做好了招待30位客人的准备，可是只来了10位。 \Phi\operatorname{I} had intended to get up when the clock rang, but my foggy brain kept persuading me right back to sleep.
我本打算在闹钟响的时候就起床，不过我昏昏沉 沉的大脑总是说服我睡下去。
\P_{1} had hoped that we would do better this time, but we failed again.
我本希望这次我们能做得好一点，但我们又失败了。 (5)过去完成时在虚拟语气中的运用
① 当If引导的条件状语从句表示与过去事实相反 的假设时，从句谓语动词用过去完成时，即“had done"。
±b{\oplus} If I had left earlier, I'd have been there on time. 我要是早点走，就准时到那里了。（事实是“我”走 得太晚了）
⊚ wish后接宾语从句时，宾语从句常用虚拟语气， 表示不太可能实现的愿望。当从句表示与过去事 实相反的情况时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时， 即“had done”。
3 We're pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else.
尽管我希望我们雇用了其他人，但是对于你的加 人我们还是很高兴。(与过去事实相反)

3.用于过去完成时的常用句式

(1)表示“一..…就..."”的“hardly/scarcely...when..."和“no sooner...than...”等句式中，主句常用过去完成时。

①No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily.
比赛一开始，天就下起了大雨。
\oplus Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他的话。
(2）“It/This/That was the first/second/...time that..."表示“这/那是第一/二/....次.…...”,that

从句用过去完成时。

\oplus Guangzhou Evergrande made history by winning the AFC Champions League title for China in 2013.It was the first time that a Chinese club had won the competition.
2013年广州恒大为中国赢得了亚足联冠军联赛的 冠军，创造了历史。这是中国俱乐部第一次赢得 该项比赛。

课时达标·随堂自测

I.用括号内词的适当形式填空

1. She asked me whether I (return）the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
2. Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I (leave) my book in the cafe.
3. They （expect） to see the film but couldn't get tickets.
4.By mid-1963,the Beatles (be） extremely popular in England.
5.A few months after he （arrive）in China, Mr. Smith fell in love with the people and culture there.
6. The trip to Tibet in my summer vacation (remind） me of the importance of wildlife protection.
7. During her stay in Hangzhou, Jenny tried almost all the local foods her friends (recommend).
8. By the time we （get）home，the man had left with a note on the door, saying “I'll come tomorrow."
9.John （plan）to make a compromise, but somehow he changed his mind at the last minute.
10.By the time he was twelve, he (set) up a chemistry lab of his own.
11. Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week? If you （tell） me,I could have helped.

12.—I went to see HI, MOM last night. It was deeply moving! —You were so lucky! How I wish I (get） the ticket too.

Ⅱ.完成句子

1.他说，自中国实行改革开放政策以来，他的家乡发 生了巨大的变化。 He said great changes in his hometown since China carried out the reform and opening-up policy.

2.他来这儿之前在一所中学教英语。 He English in a middle school before he came here.

3.我本计划七月份去云南参观，但没能去成，因为我 在一场足球赛中伤了左脚。 I togovisiting Yunnan in July,but I couldn't manage it,because I had my left foot injured in a football match.

4.到昨晚10点钟，我们已完成了大部分工作。By ten o'clock last night,we

5.那是我第二次接受如此大的挑战。 It was the second time that I

6.他一到美国就发现很难适应那里的生活。 ① than he found it difficult to adjust tolife there. ⊚ when he found it difficult to adjust to life there.

Section Ⅱ Extended reading & Project

新知感知·自学导引

I.核心词汇

1. n 途径，渠道；电视台；频道；方法;水渠
2. adj．高峰时期的,最高度的n 顶峰,高峰;山峰;尖端vi. 达到高峰,达到最高值
3. ut. 使增长,使兴旺_n 增长,提高;帮助,激励
4. ut. 买，购买n 购买，采购；购买的东西，购买项目

5. slogan n.
6. teapot n.
7. brand n.
8. ambassador n

9. Ut. 赞助；主办；为慈善活动捐款；资助_n 赞助商；为慈善活动捐款的人

10. vt.

11. n.

4. adj．难忘的，值得纪念的 \rightarrow n.记忆力；记性 \rightarrow vt.记忆；记住
5. placement n. vut.放置，安放n.位置;地点
6. rating n. n.速度；进度v.评估；评价；估价
7. vt.(提供)消遣；逗笑 \rightarrow adj.被逗乐的；觉得好笑的 \rightarrow adj．逗人笑的；有乐趣的；好笑的→ _n ，可笑；愉悦；娱乐

Ⅲ.重点短语

1. 简言之
2. 说服某人做某事
3. 与……相关
4. 密切相联，手拉手
5. (广播,电视的)黄金时间
6. 被传达，被理解，把.···讲
清楚
7. 针对某人
8. （对..)起作用，有影响
9. (使)增添乐趣;(使)明亮

IV.重点句型

13. housing n.

14. _n 住宅区；(通常指农村的)大片私有土地；个人财产，（尤指)遗产

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

1. n.广告活动，广告业→ n. (informalad)广告，启事；广告活动，广告宣传 \rightarrow vi.&vt.做广告，登广告；公布，征聘；展 现，宣传
2. n.说服，劝说；信仰→ ut.说 服；使信服
3. n.心理，心理特征；心理学 \rightarrow adj．心灵的；心理的；精神上的 \rightarrow n.心 理学家
1. we like the brand ambassador, wewillbeattractedtobuythe product. 我们越喜欢品牌大使，我们就越会被吸引去购买 产品。
2. The nursing home, located on a housing estate, has more than 150 senior citizens, are over 90 years old. 养老院在一个住宅区中，住了150多名老人,其中 一些人已经90多岁了。
3.Though it the first time many of the students part in a volunteer programme like this... 虽然这是许多学生第一次参加这样的志愿者活 动·….

文本研析·语篇理解

I .语篇结构

Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案

1. From Paragraph 1, we learn that advertisements

A.exist in everyone's daily life B. are disturbing everyone's life C. can promote any product or service D. can determine what one buys

2. What is the relationship between advertising and the mass media?

A. Old newspapers had a negative effect on advertisements.
B. Smartphone apps make the biggest difference to advertisements.
C.Advertisements promoted the development of the mass media.

D. Advertisements are growing hand in hand with the mass media.

3. What kind of person is likely to be chosen as a brand ambassador?

A.A famous actor who runs a business.
B.A sports star who likes fast food.
C. A fictional character who is popular.
D. Any celebrities who look sweet.

4.Which of the following is an advertisement that is not so obvious?

A. A slogan.
B. A brand ambassador.
C. Game equipment with real brand names.
D. Goods displayed in the shops.

5. What will be the biggest feature of the advertisements in the future?

A. It will be more digital and personalized.
B. It will give us bigger and special discounts.
C. It will reach more people than ever before.
D. It will be more personalized and efficient.

Ⅲ.课文语法填空

Advertisements,which often use words and pictures to persuade people 1. （buy）a product or service, can be found wherever we go. A 2. （success） advertisement will not only make people aware 3. a product or service, but also create a desire to buy, behind 4. advertisers have developed ways of persuading people into purchasing their products or services.

One of the common 5. （technique） is to create memorable slogans, some of which appeal to our emotions.Another technique 6. (employ） is to link their company or product to a brand ambassador.

In addition,some advertisements are not so obvious， in which product 7. (place）is typically used. For example, some films 8. （sponsor）by leading brands，so that only their products appear in the film.

Now, advertising is becoming more digital and more personalized, 9. （make）it more possible for us to receive special discounts and promotions targeted 10. （specific）at us.In the future, the development in advertising will help companies target their customers more efficiently to have a positive effect on sales.

教材助读·开放课堂

[词汇积累］

[教材原文]

[课文译文]

① advertising //edvataizin/ n.广告活动，广告业
② persuasion /pa'swe13n/ n.说服，劝说；信仰
③ in short简言之
\circled{4} refer to参考；涉及；指 的是
\circled{5} in other words换句话 说，换言之
\circled{6} persuade /pa'sweid/ut. 说服；使信服
※persuade sb. to do sth. = persuade sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事
\oslash be closely linked with 与..紧密相连/息息 相关
\circled{8} advertisement /ad'v3:tismant/n. (informalad)广告，启 事；广告活动,广告宣传

Advertising? : the power of persuasion?

In just one day, a person can see hundreds of marketing messages. Advertising has become part of modern life. But what is advertising exactly? In short?, it refers to the activity of promoting a product or service. In other words , it tries to persuade people to buy a product or service.

The history of advertising has always been closely linked with that of the mass media. From the ancient simple advertisementspainted on outdoor signs to the colourful, interactive ones in smartphone apps, advertising and the mass media have developed hand in hand. As media channels? have grown in number and type, so have advertisements.

Because the mass media reaches so many people, it is a perfect vehicle for advertisers. If an advertisement is placed on a popular website

广告：说服的力量

短短一天之内，一个人就能见到数百条促销信息。广告已然成为现代生活的一部分。但是，广告究竟是什么？简单地说，广告指的是推销一种产品或服务的活动。换言之，广告试图说服人们购买一种产品或服务。

广告的历史一直以来都与大众传媒的历史息息相关。从古代画在户外招牌上的简单的广告到智能手机应用程序里丰富多彩的交互式广告，广告一直与大众传媒携手发展。随着媒体渠道数量的增加和类型的丰富，广告也在不断发展。

⊚ outdoor signs 户外招牌
{10} hand in hand 手牵手，携手
{11} channel /'tJaenl/ n.途径,渠道；电视台；频道;方法;水渠
※media channels 媒体渠道
{12} peak /pik/adj.高峰时期的,最高度的n.顶峰,高峰;山峰;尖端vi.达到高峰,达到最高值
※at peak times 在高峰时期/黄金时段
{13} advertise /'ledvataz/ ut.&ui.做广告,登广告;公布,征聘;展现,宣传
{14} in addition to 除....之外(还有，也)
{15} make... aware of让…意识到
{16} boost /bu:st/vut.使增长,使兴旺 n 增长,提高;帮助,激励
{17} based on以...为根据
{18} psychology /sar'kolad3i/n.心理,心理特征；心理学
※ based on the psychology基于心理特征
{\scriptsize{19}} purchase /'ps:tfas/ ut.买,购买n.购买,采购;购买的东西,购买项目
{20} memorable /'memarabl/adj.难忘的，值得纪念的
@ slogan /'slaugan/ n.标语，口号

or on TV at peak? times, a huge number of people will know about the product or service it is advertising. In addition to making people aware of a product or service, a successful advertisement will also create a desire to buy, thus boosting business. That is why when a company wants to promote a product or service, it oftenlaunches a mass mediaadvertising campaign.【1】

【1】That iswhy...意为“那就是为什么.…...""why引导表语从句，why后接结果。That isbecause..．意为“那是因为.....""because 引导表语从句,because 后接原因。The reason （why...） is that... 意为"(....的）原因是·…....”，thereason作主语时，用that引导表语从句，不用because。可用why引导定语从句，修饰主语thereason。

Based on? the psychology behind creating a desire to buy, advertisers have developed ways of persuading people into purchasing their products or services. A common technique to make an impact is to create a memorable slogan?. Slogans use simple but impressive language to make us remember the product or service being advertised. Some of these slogans may also appeal to? our emotions. For example?, a slogan may connect a fine china teapot it aims topromote with our pridein having good taste. You will hear a variety of slogans any time you watch TV.【2】 Think about your favourite one. What makes it special? And what message does it try to get across?? A slogan which communicates an idea effectively can boost sales and even become part of popular culture.【3】That is the power of memorable slogans.

大众传媒的受众十分广泛，正因如此，广告商视其为广告宣传的完美工具。如果一则广告投放在一个热门网站或在电视黄金时段播出，许多人都会知晓它所宣传的产品或服务。一则成功的广告除了让人们知晓一种产品或服务外，还会激发购买欲，从而增加销售量。这就是为什么当一家公司想要推销产品或服务时，往往会在大众传媒上发起一场广告活动。

基于激发购买欲背后的心理特征，广告商研究出了各种方法说服人们购买他们的产品或服务。一种用于影响消费者的常见手段是创作一则令人难忘的广告语。广告语用简单但令人印象深刻的语言使我们记住它所宣传的产品或服务。有些广告语还能引起我们的情感共鸣。例如，一则广告语可能会用其打算推销的一款精美的瓷器茶壶让我们联想到拥有高雅的品味所带来的自豪感。无论何时打开电视，你都会听到各种各样的广告语。想想你最喜欢的那则广告。它有什么特别之处？它试图传达什么样的信息？一则有效传达一种理念的广告语可以增加销售量，甚至成为流行文化的一部分。这就是令人难忘的广告语所拥有的力量。

{22} appeal to 吸引;呼吁
{23} for example 例如
{\scriptsize{24}} teapot /'ti:pt/ n.茶壶
{25} aim to..．目的是....，. 旨在
{26} a variety of 各种各样的
{27} get across 被传达,被理 解，把...讲清楚
^28* brand /brand/ n.品 牌;类型;烙印
{*9}*\mathbf{x} ambassador /aem'baesoda(r)/ n.大 使，代表
{30} a fictional character 虚构人物
{31} be popular among 受….…欢迎；在…中 流行
{32} placement /'pleismont/ n.放置;安置
{33} rating /'reitin/ m.收视 率;等级,级别
※ with high ratings 收视率高
{34} sponsor /'sponsa (r)/ vt.赞助;主办;为慈善 活动捐款；资助n.赞 助商,为慈善活动捐款 的人
※be sponsored by 由.…赞助
{35} absorb /ab'za:b/ ut.理 解,掌握；吸收;吸引全 部注意力
※be absorbed in 专心于; 全神贯注于
{36} have an effect on 对…有影响

【2】anytime引导时间状语从句，意为“在任何………·的时间”。一些含有 time 的名词短语，如 every time,each time，（the）next time，the first time 等，以及 the day，the year，the morning 等可以充当连词，用来引导时间状语从句。

广告商常用的另一种手段是将其公司或产品与一位“品牌大使”联系起来，例如一位著名演员、体育明星，甚至是一个虚构人物。想想一家很受欢迎的快餐店。它有品牌大使吗？这位品牌大使是否受到潜在消费者的喜爱？我们越喜欢这位品牌大使，就越会受其吸引而去购买相关产品。

【4】"the ^+ 比较级( ^+ 主谓)...，the ^+ 比较级(十主谓...”意为“越···，就越…….·.”，前者表条件，后者表结果。

Of course, some advertisements are not so obvious: product placement is typically used in films with huge box-office success and TV shows with high ratings.Some films are now sponsored by leading brands, so that only their products appear in the films,like the watches worn by the title character in the James Bond films. Other types of mass media use product placement too,including video games.It is not uncommon for sports video game series to feature different in-game equipment with real brand names. We absorb these marketing messages without thinking about them toomuch，yet they will probably have an effect on^{registered} us the next time we go shopping.

【3】which communicates an idea effectively 是 which引导的定语从句，对aslogan加以修饰 和限制，which在定语从句中作主语。本单 元中还出现过which引导的定语从句。

Another technique advertisers often employ is to link their company or product to a “brand ambassador "—-a famous actor, a sports star, or even a fictional character. Think of a popular fast-food restaurant. Does it have a brand ambassador? Is the brand ambassador popular among potential customers? The more we like the brand ambassador, the more we will be attracted to buy the product.【4】

当然，有些广告并不那么明显。在超高票房的电影和高收视率的电视节目中，植入式广告是很典型的。如今一些电影由知名品牌赞助，因而只有该品牌的产品会出现在电影中，比如“007”系列电影的主人公詹姆斯·邦德佩戴的手表。其他类型的大众传媒也会采用植入式广告，包括电子游戏。在体育电子游戏系列中，用真实的品牌名给不同的游戏装备命名的做法并不罕见。我们没有多加思考就吸收了这些促销信息，而这些信息有可能在我们下次购物时对我们产生影响。

In the past, advertising was all about reaching as many people as possible with the same message. Now, advertising is becoming more digital and more personalized. Already we may see online advertisements for products or services we have previously searched for on the Internet, and we are very likely to receive specialdiscounts and promotions targeted

在过去，广告只是要向尽可能多的人传播同样的信息。而现在，广告则变得更加数字化与个性化。我们或许已经见过针对自己之前在网上搜索过的产品或服务的在线广告，而且很可能会收到专门为我们定制的特殊折扣和促销活动。在未来，广告将更注重对个

Section Ⅱ Extended reading & Project

新知感知·自学导弓

I.核心词汇

1. n. 习语，成语
2. league n.

3. n. 球门网;网,网状物

n. (pl.售货员，推销员

5.council n.
6. backfire vi.

7. n.

8. Ut. 处理，应付；控制，操纵n. 把手，拉手;柄

9.fist _n
10. waist n.

11. n. 谈论，言论vi.&ut.说起，评论

13. n. 铁;熨斗vt.&vi.（用熨斗)熨，烫平

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

1. adj．对抗的；相反的 \rightarrow Ut.反对(计划、政策等);抵制；阻挠→ adj.强烈反对的；截然不同的

2. n.保险业；保险；保险费 \rightarrow U. 投保；给……保险

3. vi.&ut.抱怨，投诉 \rightarrow n.投诉

4. adu．无意地，非故意地 \rightarrow adj．无意的；非故意的；偶然的 \rightarrow n.打算；计划；意图；目的 \rightarrow adj．故意的；有意的；存心的

5. adj．刻毒伤人的,残酷的→adv.残酷地；非常 \rightarrow n.（尤指蓄意的）残酷，残忍，残暴

6. adv．真正地，确实地；按字面，字面上→adj．字面意义的；完全按原文的

Ⅲ.重点短语

1. 偶然来到,无意中处于
2. 足球联赛
3. 改变条件(或规则)
4. 保险推销员
5. 进乌龙球
6. 差不多
7. 给某人出难题
8. 作出反应
9. 三振出局
10. 不公正的，伤人的
11. 认输，承认失败
12. 获得成功;准时到达

IV.重点句型

1. Thankfully, goalposts do not really move—but when a player scores an own goal, he or she might wish 值得庆幸的是，门柱实际上是不会移动的一—但 当一个球员踢进乌龙球时，他或她可能希望它们 会移动。
2. If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally harms their own interests, an owngoal. 如果某人犯了一个严重的错误，无意中损害了自 已的利益，他们就被称为“进了乌龙球”。

文本研析·语篇理解

I.语篇结构

Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案

1. What do we learn about idioms?

A. They are easy to understand literally.
B. They bring much trouble to people.
C. They only exist in written language.
D. They make the languages colorful.

2. Which of the following can be seen as an act of “"moving the goalposts"?

A. To change the target in the process.
B. To stick to the rules or requirements.
C. To fix two big goalposts to the ground.
D. To head the ball into the opposing team's goal.

3. If a player scores an own goal, he or she is sure to feel

A.very excited B. very upset C.a little delighted D. a little disappointed

4. Which expression can be used to talk about rough estimates?

A. In the ballpark.
B. Hitting below the belt.
C. Three strikes and you are out.
D. Throwing someone a curve ball.

5. Which of the following is forbidden in a boxing competition?

A. To hit below the belt.
B. To make cruel remarks.
C. To give up when tired.
D. To use his or her fists.

Ⅲ.课文语法填空

As is known to us all, sport is an inseparable part of day-to-day life, and there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way 1. everyday language.

The English language is full of idioms 2. are thought to have come from football. "Moving the goalposts" means someone 3. （unfair） change the rules or requirements for something.“Scoring an own goal" in football means accidentally 4. （kick）the ball into one's own net. Therefore, the idiom means making a bad mistake which unintentionally 5. （harm） their own interests.

Baseball has also given the English language many different 6. (idiom).When we talk about rough estimates, we can use the 7. （express）“in the ballpark ” or “a ballpark estimate”.“Throwing someone a curveball" is used to describe things that are unexpected and difficult 8. （respond） to.“Three strikes and you are out” is often used to talk about situations where you miss three chances.

English also has a large number of idioms connectedwith boxing.If someonemakes 9. unfair and cruel remark, we can describe it as “below the belt". “Throwing in the towel" means admitting defeat and giving up. The idiom also comes from boxing.When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or 10. (confuse） to give up on his or her own, the coach will throw a towel into the ring to end the fight.

教材助读·开放课堂

[词汇积累]

[教材原文]

[课文译文]

Sports idioms

体育习语

① idiom/'idiam/n.习语， 成语
⊚ individualwords 单个 的词
③ find one's way into 偶然来到,无意中处于
\circled{4} take a look at看一下

Every language has its idioms, which are groups of words with meanings different from the meanings of the individual words1】Idioms make language more colourful and expressive. Since sport is an inseparable part of day-to-day life, there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way into? everyday language. Let's take a look at some of them!

每种语言都有自己的习语。习语是一组词汇，它的意思不同于每个单独的词。习语让语言更为丰富多彩、更具表现力。由于体育运动是日常生活中不可缺失的一部分，许多体育习语也已融入人们的日常语言。让我们来看看其中几个吧！

【1】本句是一个主从复合句。which are groups of wordswith meanings different from the meanings of theindividualwords是which引导的非限制性定语从句，对idioms加以补充说明，which在定语从句中充当主语。在定语从句中，with meanings different from..．是 with复合结构（with ^{+} 宾语 ^+ 形容词短语），在句中作定语，修饰 groups of words。

足球

⑤ league/ \operatorname{lizg}/n .联赛；等 级,级别 \circled{6} be full of 充满

Football

足球，是世界上最受欢迎的体育运动之一，许多国家都有自己的足球联赛。英语中有许多习语被认为源自足球。

Football (or soccer, as it is called in the USA） is one of the most popular sports in the world and many countries have their own football leagues. The English language is full ofidioms which are thought tohave comefromfootball.【2】

⑦ opposing/a'pauzin/adj. 对抗的;相反的
\circled{8} net/net/n.（the net)球 门网；网，网状物
⊚ have a chance to score 有机会进球
{10} move the goalposts 改变条件(或规则)
{11} insurance/In'Juorans, In'Jo:rans/n.保险业；保 险；保险费
{12} salesman/'se1lzmon/ n.售货员，推销员
※insurance salesman 保险推销员
{13} be about to do... 正要做.·.·….
{14} complain/kom'plein/ vi．&ut.抱怨,投诉
※complain about抱怨

【2】本句是主从复合句。句中包含which引导的定语从句，对先行词idioms加以修饰和限制，which在定语从句中充当主语。关系代词which引导限制性定语从句时，一般指物，在定语从句中常作主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略。句中的which 也可以替换为that。

As you know, in a football match, players try to kick or head the ball into the opposingteam's goal, which is the netbetween two biggoalposts3】fixed to the ground. Can you imagine that every time you have a chance to score， the goalposts are moved?【4】That would be not only difficult, but also upsetting. If someone “moves the goalpostsの ” in everyday life, it means they unfairly change the rules or requirements for something. An insurance salesman who is about treach his anual sales target, only for the company to make the target higher,could rightly complain@ about the companymovingthegoalposts.【5】

如你所知，在一场足球比赛中，球员们试图将球踢进或顶进对方球队的球门，也就是固定在地上的两根粗大门柱之间的那张球门网。你能想象，每次你有机会进球时，门柱却被移动了吗？那样的情形不仅难以应对，而且令人沮丧。如果在日常生活中有人move thegoalposts（移动门柱），意味着这些人不公正地改变了某件事情的规则或要求。如果一位保险销售员就快达到年度销售目标了，而公司却在这时提高了销售目标，那么他就可以正当地抱怨公司movethegoalposts.

【3】本句是一个主从复合句。as you know是as引导的 非限制性定语从句，as指代主句的内容，as在定语 从句中充当宾语。在主句中包含which引导的非限 制性定语从句which is the net between two big goalposts..．，对goal进行补充说明，which在定语 从句中充当主语。

【4】本句是主从复合句，that引导宾语从句。在宾语从句中，名词短语everytime（每次）充当连词，引导时间状语从句。用作连词的名词词组有the moment/the minute/ the instant/ the second(—.....就....) ,the first time（第一次）,next time（下一次）,everytime（每次）等。

{15} score an own goal进乌 龙球;无意中做让自己 吃亏的事
{16} happen to sb. /sth. 发生在某人/某物上
{17} unintentionally /tAnin'tenfanali/ adv.无意地,非故意地
{18} council/kaunsl/n.政务 委员会,地方议会;市政 服务机构；委员会
{19} make a decision 做出 决定
{20} backfire/ibak'fa1a(r)/ vi.产生事与愿违的不 良(或危险)后果
{21} ballpark/'bo:lpa:k/ n.棒球场;变动范围 in the ballpark 差不多
※out of the ballpark 相去甚远
{22} a ballpark estimate 大 致相近的估计 a rough estimate 粗略估计
{23} venue/'venju:/ n.活动场地

随手记

【5】本句是主从复合句。whois about toreachhis annual sales target是who引导的定语从句，对 an insurance salesman加以修饰和限制，who在定语从 句中充当主语。不定式短语 only for the company to make the target higher 作结果状语，for the company 是不定式的逻辑主语。the company movingthegoalposts是动名词的复合结构，在句中 作complain about的宾语。

谢天谢地，门柱并不会真的移动—但是当一名球员score an own goal(进乌龙球)时，他或她说不定会希望球门真能移动。在足球中，进乌龙球的意思是不小心将球踢进或顶进了自己队的球门，而这是一名球员所能遇到的最糟糕的情况之一。如果有人犯下了无意中损害自身利益的严重错误，那么人们就会说，这样的人是在进乌龙球。如果地方议会作出了一项决策，结果却适得其反，那么你也许就会在报纸上看到这个说法！

Thankfully, goalposts do not really move—but when a player scores an own \mathbf{goal}^{registered} ，he or she might wish they did. “Scoring an own goal" in football means accidentally kicking or heading the ball into one's own net, and it is one of the worst things that can happen to a football player.【6】 If someone makes a bad mistake whichunintentionally harmstheirown interests,they are said to have scored an own goal. You might see this expression in the newspapers when the local council makes a decision@ which backfires terribly!

棒球

【6】本句是and连接的并列复合句。单个动名词短语 “scoring an own goal” in football 作主语,谓语动词 用单数（means）。that canhappen to...是that 引 导的定语从句，对one of the worst things 加以修饰 和限制，that在定语从句中充当主语。

Baseball

棒球是一项古老而广受欢迎的体育运动，它也为英语提供了许多不同的习语。你也许听过in theballpark（在棒球场里）或是aballparkestimate（一个棒球场的估计)这样的说法。进行棒球比赛的场地被称为棒球场。因此，即便我们在棒球比赛中并不知道球的准确位置，我们仍然可以认定它就在球场内的某处。为此，人们会用intheballpark或者aballpark estimate 这样的说法来谈论粗略的估计。

Baseball is an old and popular sport that has given the English language many different idioms. You might have heard expressions like “in the ballpark? or “a ballpark estimate” . The venue where a baseball game is played is called a ballpark.【7】 So, even if we do not know exactly where the ball is during the game, we can assume that it is somewhere in the ballpark. For this reason, people use the expression “in the ballpark" or “a ballpark estimate” to talk about rough estimates.

【7】where a baseball game is played是 where 引导的定语从句,对thevenue加以修饰和限制，where在定语从句中充当地点状语。

2curveball/'ks:vbs:l/n.曲线球throw sb. a curveball给某人出难题
O handle/'handl/vt.处理,应付；控制，操纵n.把手,拉手；柄
{26} respond to做出反应/回应
{20} three strikes and youare out三振出局

Another common baseball expression is “throwing someone a curveball? ". Curveballs are balls that suddenly turn in the air, and these are of course difficult for the other team to handle. We use this expression to describe things that are unexpected and difficult to respond to^{O} .“ Three strikes and you are out " is another idiom that comes from baseball. As it suggests,in baseball this means that a batter （the person with the baseball bat in his or her hands) is out after making three unsuccessful attempts to hit the ball.【8】 This idiom is often used to talk about situations where people fail after wasting three chances.【9】

【8】本句是一个主从复合句。asit suggests是as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代主句的内容。主句中that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中不定式短语tohittheball作定语，修饰attempts。常见的可跟动词不定式作定语的名词有 attempt, wish,decision, chance, promise, plan,ability，right等。

另一个常见的棒球相关说法是throwsomeoneacurveball（给某人扔一个曲线球)。曲线球是指能在空中突然转向的球，而这种球必然会让对方球队难以应付。我们用这个说法来形容那些出乎意料又难以应对的事情。threestrikes and you are out（三振出局）是另一个来自棒球的习语。正如字面意思所说，三振出局在棒球运动中指的是击球手（手持棒球球棒的人）如果连续三次未能击中，就会出局。这个习语经常用于谈论某人错失三次良机后失败的情况。

{28} a large number of 很多
{29} fist/fist/n.拳，拳头
{30} waist/weIst/n.腰，腰部；(衣服的)腰部
{31} below the belt 不公正的，伤人的
{32} cruel//kru:al/adj.刻毒伤人的，残酷的
※be cruel to对.....残忍，虐待
{33} remark/rl'ma:k/n.谈论，言论vi. \&\ v t .说起，评论
{34} towel/'taual/n.毛巾,抹布,纸巾throw in the towel认输,承认失败

【9】where people fail after wasting three chances 是where引导的定语从句，对situations加以修饰和限制，where在定语从句中充当状语。在定语从句中，当 situation，position，point，case，stage 等表示抽象地点的名词作先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where引导。

英语中也有大量习语与拳击有关，这是一项数千年来一直很受欢迎的运动。拳击手不允许用拳头击打对手腰部以下的部位。因此有了below thebelt（腰部以下，意为“不正当的、伤人的”)这个习语。在日常生活中，如果有人发表了有失公允的刻薄评论，我们就可以形容这种评论是belowthebelt。

English also has a large number of idioms connected with boxing,which has been a popular sport for thousands of years.【1o】A boxer is not allowed to use his or her fists to hit the opponent below the waist. Hence comes the idiom “below the belt ". In day-to-day life, if someone makes an unfair and cruel remark?, we can describe it as “"below the belt".

Boxing

【10】本句是一个主从复合句。whichhasbeenapopular sport for thousands of years 是 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，对boxing进行补充说明，which在定语从句中充当主语。在主句中，过去分词短语connectedwith boxing 作定语，修饰idioms。

拳击

“Throwing in the towel ” is another common idiom that comes from boxing. When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or confused to give up on his or

throw in the towel（扔毛巾）是另一个来自拳击的常用习语。当一名拳击手输得很惨，并且因太过疲惫或思维太混乱而无法自己宣告放弃时，教练就会真的扔一条毛巾到擂台上，示意结束对抗。在日常生活中，这个习语就是“承认失败，放弃”的意思。

{35} on one's own 独立 地;独自地 {36} literally/'l1torali/ adu.真正地，确实 地;按字面,字面上 {37} makeit成功

her own , the coach will literally throw a towel into the ring to end the fight. In everyday life, this idiom simply means admitting defeat and giving up.

Sport is challenging and so is life. However, when you are thrown a curveball,do not throw in the towel—work hard, be careful not to score an own goal,and you are sure to make it^{registered} 一

体育运动充满了挑战，生活同样也是如此。然而，当你接到一个曲线球时，不要放弃—努力奋斗，注意别进乌龙球，你就一定会成功！

核心突破·互动探究

·第一版块|重点词汇诠释

findone'swayinto偶然来到，无意中处于

that's/it's always the way （尤用于贬义)总是这样，老是 be born/be made that way 天性如此,生下就这样 cut both/two ways 两面都行得通；有利也有弊 have/get one's own way 一意孤行,为所欲为

①Hefoundhiswayintoacting.他干起了演艺这一行。

②He felt his way to the bathroom in the dark.
他在黑暗中摸索着去洗手间。

③Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, Ifound mywaytothebeam.穿梭在那些匆匆滑过的滑板上的孩子 们中,我找到了通往横杆的路。

即学即练单句语法填空

① Whether or not you spend time
talking about it, much of your
work is likely to find its way your boss's mind.
⊚ You never know how your little
act of kindness might find （it）way into someone
else's heart.

opposing adj．对抗的，相反的

(1)the opposing team 对方球队 a player from the opposing side 对方的运动员 two opposing camps 两个对立的阵营 take an opposing view 持对立的观点
(2)oppose ut. 反对与.··.对抗 oppose doing sth. 反对做某事
(3)opposed adj. 反对的；相反的 be opposed to (doing） sth. 反对(做)某事

①A Chinese dictionary has included 239 of English words, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: “For” and “Against". 《汉语词典》收录了239个英语词汇，这导致公众分成了两个对立的 群体：“赞成”和“反对”。

QThe majority of the residents would oppose changing the law.
大多数居民反对修改这项法规。

③Dr. Muffett stressed that he was opposed to bullying in schools and that action would be taken to stampit out.马费特博士强调他 反对学校里侍强凌弱的行为，并说将采取行动杜绝该现象。

联想拓展

表示“反对”的短语还有：be against... object to (doing) sth.

语境助记

I have a friend who has the opposing view and felt that the war was immoral. 我有一个朋友持完全相反的观 点，他认为战争是不道德的。

即学即练单句语法填空

① Many educators strongly oppose （protect）children
too much.
②1 have been consistently opposed （feed）a baby
regularly.
③ Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the
Hudson Institute, takes the (oppose) view.

complainvi.&vt.抱怨，投诉

(1)complain (to sb.)(that)... 抱怨·…… complain（to sb.） about/of sth. (向某人)抱怨某事
(2)complaint n 抱怨；投诉 makea complaint against/about...对......投诉

①Betty complained to Steve (that） Sara never gave her a chance to talk at yesterday's meeting.

贝蒂向史蒂夫抱怨说在昨天的会议上萨拉根本不给她说话的机会。

±b{\mathscr{e}} We should strictly follow traffic rules rather than complain about traffic jams.我们应该严格遵守交通规则，而不是抱怨交通堵塞。

③In time of difficulty，what we need is not to make complaints about each other but to understand each other. 困难的时候，我们需要的不是互相抱怨而是互相理解。

4 The students began complaining about how cold it would be.
学生们开始抱怨天气会有多冷。

Some people—and I was one of them—believe that humorous complaints about the little problems of life make humor，and sometimes that is the case.

有些人——我也是其中之一- 认为对生活中的小问题幽默地抱怨会产生幽默，有时确实如此。

unintentionallyadv.无意地，非故意地

offend sb.quite unintentionally 完全出于无心冒犯某人 wrong sb.unintentionally 无心冤枉某人

They had unintentionally provided wrong information.
他们无意中提供了错误的信息。

联想拓展

intend.打算 \rightarrow intentionn.打算，意图 \rightarrow intentionaladj.故意的； 有意的 \rightarrow unintentional adj.无意的 \rightarrow intentionallyadv.故意地，存 心地
withtheintentionof抱有.....·的目的，打算
have no intention of无意.....
withtheintentionof抱有.....的目的；打算
have no intention of 无意...….

handlevt．处理，应付，控制，操纵n.把手，拉手；柄

handle = deal with 处理，安排，对付 handle it = manage it 应付得了 handle oneself 把握自己

①Can you give me some information on how to handle the machine?您可以给我提供一些关于如何操纵这台机器的信息吗？

②The car handles well,even on wet roads.
这辆汽车很好开，即使在湿路上也没问题。

±b{\otimes} Most customers were satisfied with the way their complaints werehandled.大多数客人对自已投诉的受理方式感到满意。

特别提示

complain后不能直接跟 sb.作宾语，要先加介词to。 类似的词还有explain（解释），mention（提及),announce(宣布）等。

>即学即练单句语法填空/单句 写作

① Some people—and I was one of
them—believe that humorous （complain）about the little
problems of life make humor, and
sometimes that is the case.
⊚ Residents are complaining the heavy traffic jam. In
response to it，the government
decides to broaden roads.

③ 我要就这件事向经理投诉。

即学即练单句语法填空

① Many couples often, although （unintentional）, end up hurting each other's feelings deeply.
②Everyone will get annoyed when they are hurt
(intentional).
③I'm sorry I left you off the list— it wasn't (intention). ④Perhaps I misled you, but it was quite (intentional) =\operatorname{I} did not mean to).

语境助记

The ecosystem down there can't handle this non-native species.那里的生态 系统无法应对这些外来物种。

>即学即练判断下列句子中 handle的词性及含义
① Slowly he bent from the waist, grasped the handles on both sides of the box, and gathered all his strength to lift it. 4I've got to go. I can't handle it any more.
我得走了。我已无计可施。

You have to know how to handle yourself in this business(= know the right way to behave).

你必须知道在这件事上如何把握自己。

6Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles.
在中国，按照传统，人们不用带把儿的杯子喝杯。 ②\mathbf{I} will share my experience with them, telling them how I handle my shyness.
③②④ as my car is, it is in good condition and handles well in any weather.
\circledast Don't handle the vase as if it were made of steel.

respondto响应；回答；对....做出反应

（1)respond to...（with sth./by doing sth.）（以某事/做某事）对....作出反应/回应respond to one's letter/email 回复某人的信/电子邮件
(2)response n. 回答；反应in response to 对..·.做出反应make (a)response to 回答/响应.….…；对.….….做出反应

①Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.

懂得基本的急救技巧将有助于你对紧急情况迅速作出反应。

②My friend responded to my message with a phone call.
我的朋友收到我的信息后给我回了个电话。

±b{\otimes} Millions of people gave freely in response to the appeal for the victims of the earthquake.

4 They make a quick response to my inquiry.
他们对我的询问很快作了答复。

\mathbf{δ}\mathbf{\bullet} Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate response? 与其纠结于你本可以做得更好，为什么不给自己一个同情的回应呢？

语境助记

This one stranger responded beautifully to my small crisis, but she actually wasn't the only one这个陌生人对我的小危机 做出了漂亮的反应，但她其实不 是唯一一个。

>即学即练单句语法填空/完成 句子
①In (respond)，the mom kneels down to show how happy and thankful she feels.
⊚ We were quite aware how you would respond our request.
③ We swung from side to side in response the driver's sharp twists of the wheel.
\circled{4} 到目前为止，许多参与者对筹集 资金的呼吁做出了慷慨的响应。
Up to now, many participants the appeals for funds.

cruel adj．刻毒伤人的,残酷的

①Others say that fishing is spoiling the environment and that it is a cruelhobby.也有人说钓鱼正在破坏环境，是一种残忍的嗜好。

OHe used an idiom I hate: “You have to be cruel to be kind. " 他用了一句我讨厌的习语：“为了某人好你就得对他狠。”

③I wish that someday we can laugh together regardless of the cruelty around theworld.

我希望有一天，我们可以不顾世间的残酷，一起大笑一场。

4She can't endure seeing animals cruelly treated.
她不能容忍看到动物受虐待。

>即学即练单句语法填空/完成 句子

① I can't stand people who are cruel animals. ⊚ Both were (cruel) tired, yet Becky said she thought she could go a little farther. ③ 虽然第一场比赛的失败对他们来 说是一个残酷的打击，但他们很快 就恢复过来并赢得了第二场比赛。

±b{\Theta} Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they're also aspirational.

玛蒂尔达与她残忍的父母和专横的校长特伦奇布尔小姐的斗争同样有趣和可怕，但他们也有抱负。

remarkn.谈论，言论vi.&vt.说起，评论

(1)remark on/upon 谈论，评论，就.·发表意见 remark that... 谈起，说起...··.
(2)make a remark/remarks on/about...就.....发表评论
(3)remarkable adj. 显著的，非凡的，值得注意的 be remarkable for 以.·……·著称/引人瞩目

①A lot of customers remarked on/upon the quality of the product I plan to buy on the Internet.

许多顾客在网上评论了我打算买的产品的质量。

②The teacher remarked that the article was well written.
老师评论说那篇文章写得很好。 ③It's rude to make a remark on/about others’ appearance.
评论别人的外表是无礼的。

4Scientists have discovered remarkable new evidence showing how thebodyrebuildsitselfwhilewe sleep.科学家们已经发现了非同寻 常的新证据，证明睡眠时我们的身体如何自行恢复。

He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.

他向我们展示了，即使是一个简单的愿望从不被放弃，也可以成就一个非凡的人生。

Though the loss of the first game was
for them, they soon recovered and won the next one. 孜供
① He once remarked
"All happy families resemble one another, but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way."
⊚ As long as we listen, speak, read and write more, we are sure to make (remark) progress!
③ This region is remarkable
its scenery.
\circled{4} It's bad manners to remark on the appearance of others.
\rightarrow It's bad manners to
the appearance of others.

·第二版块|重点句型解构

(教材原句）Thankfully， goalposts do not really move—but when a player scores an own goal, he or she might wish they did.好在门柱不会真的移动，但当球员踢进乌龙球(score an own goal)时，他或 她恐怕巴不得门柱能移动一下。

[句式分析]wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气

wish表示“希望”，其后接宾语从句时，宾语从句常用虚拟语气，表示未实现的主观愿望或永远达不到目的的空想。宾语从句中谓语的形式如下：

归纳拓展

①过去的情况：从句谓语动词为 had done.
例女o: I wish I had met the film star just now.我要是刚才遇到那位电影 明星该多好啊!
② 现在的情况：从句谓语动词为 did/were.
例女o: I wish I were better looking. 要是我长得再漂亮些就好了。
③ 将来的情况：从句谓语动词为 would/could+do.
例女如：I wish I would be a soldier.我 想当一名军人。 ①Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I danced as well as her.
埃伦是个很棒的舞者。我希望我能跳得和她一样好。 ②Wewishwe had studied harder when at school.
我们希望我们（当年)上学时学习能再努力一点。

③1 dowishI could have more time for advanced studyin the future.我真希望将来能有更多的时间来进修。

即学即练单句语法填空

①I wish 1 (climb) the Great Wall with you tomorrow, but I'm preparing for the coming exam. ②1 wish I (have）a chance to talk to you last night, but you left so early.

（教材原句）If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally harms their own interests, they aresaidtohavescored anowngoal. 如果一个人犯了严重的错误，无意中损害了他自己的利益，我们就说他进了乌龙球。

[句式分析］句中 they are said to have scored an own goal可以转 换为 It is said that they have scored an own goal 表示“据说.."的 意思。

(to do sb. /sth. be said to to be doing (tohave done)

据说某人某事...·

要注意根据动词不定式和aresaid动作之间的时间关系，使用不定式的一般式、进行式或完成式。一般式todo表示谓语动词之后发生的动作；进行式tobedoing表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作；完成式tohavedone表示先于谓语动词发生的动作。

①John is said to be one of the best teachers in the school.
\mathbf{\mu=1}\mathbf{t} is said that John is one of the best teachers in the school. 据说约翰是这个学校最好的老师之一。
±b{\mathscr{o}} The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio.
\mathbf{\mu=1}\mathbf{t} is said thatthelate musicianDennisBrain asked a fellowtrain passenger toturn off his radio.
据说已故音乐家丹尼斯·布莱恩曾要求同车乘客关掉他的收音机。

语境助记

He is said to be studying abroad now. = It is said that he is studying abroad now.据说他现在正在国外学习。

联想拓展

It is believed that...
人们相信认为……….
It is reported that...
据报道….
It is hoped/thought/suggested that... 人们希望认为健议·
以上句型都可转换为 sb.lsth. be+ 过去分词+不定式

■即学即练单句语法填空

① Robert is said
（study） abroad,but I don't know what country he studied in.
⊚ The project is said
(run) successfully.
③ The number of English learners is said (increase) throughout the world every day.

课时达标·随堂自测

I.单词拼写

1. I wasn't familiar with the （习语） so I had to guess what the chairman meant. 2. Our team has just set a new record in the （联赛），which boosts our confidence. 3.A player in the （对抗的）teamhad to leave the field because of ankle injury.

4.The employees applaud the decision that the employer provides health （保 险费).
5. My fellow passenger （抱怨）to me about his new boss.
6. The membership information was posted on the Internet (无意地).
7.Afterwards, the surprise I had planned [产生事与愿违的不良(或危险)后果］on me.
8. Learning some psychology knowledge will help you （应付）the condition confidently.
9. It is critical to punish those who are （残酷的）toanimals.
10. He made a few factual errors in his （言论).
11. Idioms usually cannot be translated （按字面）into another language.

Ⅱ.短语填空

complain about; in the ballpark; make a remark; throw in the towel; find one's way into; move the goalposts; throw...a curveball; hit below the belt; three strikes and you are out

1. The young fellow photography.

2. The old man kept the pouring rain.

3.Unintentionally,he that hurt his wife.

4.He while his opponent walked on air.

5.We'd almost signed the contract with the advertising agency when the other guys and said they wanted more money.

6. If you said five million was used for advertising your product,you'dbe

7. You really him by limiting the expense.

8. In a baseball game, if the pitcher throws three good pitches to the batter and the batter fails to hit them,then according to the rule of “ "', the batter will be struck out.

9.I know she really wanted the promotion, but she when she told the boss about my personal problems.

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1. When we stop complaining what's missing in our lives and start being thankful for all we have,life changes for the better.
2. My dad has left for Beijing. How I wish I (see) him off at the station, but I was too busy.
3. None of the students responded her question; that is to say, her question failed to get a (respond） from any of the students.
4. They hold (oppose） opinions about the growing trend towards later retirement.
5. All the stolen items in her estate were covered by (insure).
6. The ambassador had (unintentional) said something inappropriate.
7. He had difficulty （handle） the job to communicate with people from diverse cultures.
8. He (remark） the priority was to find your passion for the job.
9.1 (literal） had no idea why Sophie was screaming.

IV.单句写作

1.我不喜欢总是抱怨的同事。（complain)

2.这位大使处理工作的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。(handle,be impressed by)

3.我拒绝认输，因为我的对手不遵守规则。（throwin the towel, play by the rules)

4.这火被认为是从楼上的一间房开始的。The fire inanupstairs room.

Section V Writing 体育文化

1.写作任务

假定你是李华，你的朋友Peter来信向你请教“体育联赛中如何处理意外事件？”，请你根据以下要点写一封回信：

(1)要客观对待；

（2)如果对手不小心……···(3）如果对手故意出难题··注意：(1)词数80左右；

(2)开头和结尾已为你写好，不计人总词数。 Dear Peter,

③ trackandfield田径运动\circledast call on sb.to do sth.正式邀请某人做某事；请求某人做某事

⑤ proceedtodosth.继续做某事
\circled{6} achieveone'sambition实现某人的抱负
\oslash walkonair欢天喜地，得意扬扬
\circled{8} keep sth.in perspective正确客观地看待
⊚ findone'swayinto偶然来到，无意中处于
{10} movethegoalposts改变条件（或规则）
{11} score an own goal进乌龙球；无意中做让自己吃
亏的事

{12} intheballpark差不多 {13} throw sb.acurveball给某人出难题 {14} three strikes and you are out 三振出局 {15} throwinthetowel认输，承认失败

Li Hua

I hope my advice will be of help to you. Looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours,(2)完成句子

① 你写信询问如何处理联赛中的意外事件。
You writeto askaccidents in a
⊚ 有很多不同的事情你应该正确客观地看待。
There are diverse things you should

2.写作思路（一审、二定、三明确）

(1)一审：体裁、主题与结构
体裁：应用文—建议信
主题：体育联赛中如何处理意外事件导人十写作主题
结构：三段√体育联赛中处理意外事件的具体建议表达愿望
(2)二定：时态与人称
时态：一般现在时
人称：第二人称
(3)三明确：写作要点
① 写信的目的
⊚ 体育联赛中处理意外事件的具体建议
③ 表达愿望

③ 首先，如果你的对手不小心把你撞倒在田径、棒球场或其他活动场地上，你应该做的是继续比赛，而不是抱怨或用拳头处理它。

3.素材整理

(1)关键词语
① handleaccidents处理意外事故
② inaleague在联赛中
Secondly，consistently with your fellows, no matter
whatyou

or whatever backfires or whoever

注意： ① 词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；

\circled{5} 第三，如果你的对手故意给你出难题或者用不正当手段攻击人，你应该立刻向主席说明这一情况。

⊚ 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

Dear Snow,

Thirdly,if your opponent or

Knowing that you are interested in our Chinese sportsmanship. I'd like to give a brief introduction to you.

intentionally ，immediately demonstrate it to the chairman.

4.满分作文（连句成篇）

Dear Peter,

You write to ask how to handle accidents in a league. There are diverse things you should keep in perspective.

First, if your opponent unintentionally pours you in track and field ground，the ballpark or other venues, what I call on you to do is proceed to compete rather than complain or use fists to handle it. Secondly, consistently achieve your ambitions with your fellows, no matter what you findyourwayintoorwhateverbackfiresor whoever moves the goalposts. Thirdly, if your opponentthrowsyou a curveballorhitsbelow the belt intentionally，immediately demonstrate it to the chairman.

I hope my advice will be of help to you. Looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours,

If you wish to know more about it, please contact me atyour convenience.

Li Hua (2)佳作二

Li Hua

下周你们学校将举行英语作文大赛，请以“MyFavourite Sports”为题写一篇作文参赛。内容包括：

① 介绍你喜欢的运动；

⊚ 该运动的好处。

注意： ① 词数80左右；

⊚ 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

5.佳作背诵

(1)佳作一

假定你是李华，你们省体育局正在举办“中华体育文化知识竞赛”。你的英国朋友Snow对此非常感兴趣，请写信向她介绍中华体育精神，主要内容包括：

① 核心(为祖国的荣誉而战)；

⊚ 座右铭（公平竞争，团结一致；追求尊严，无私奉献)；

③ 主张“体育无国界”。

温馨提示：请完成单元检测卷(二)

Unit 3

Fit for life

Section I Welcome to the unit & Reading

新知感知·自学导弓

I.核心词汇

1. physician n
2. n. 牙科医生
3. game-changing adj.
4.genome n.
5. n. 细胞
6. n. 生物;存在;身心
7. lifespan n.
8. Ut. 影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动
9. ut. 感染(疾病);与.…·.订立合同(或契约)n. 合同，合约
10. virus ^{\prime\prime}
11. n. 癌症;邪恶，毒瘤
12. n. (pl. 方式,方法;财富,钱财
13. Ut. 删去,删除
14. adv. 最终;根本上
15. n. 武器,手段;兵器
16. adj. 十分重大,根本的;基础的,基本的n. 基本规律,根本法则，基础
17. n. 发生的速度,节奏,步速;快节奏vi. & vt. 来回步,走来走去;确定速度,调整节奏
18. vi. （过去式过去分词发生，出现；（由.….….）引起，（因.….…·产生
19. n. 流行性感冒，流感
20. vi. & ut. 奋力对付，努力处理；摔跤
21. ut. \& vi. 讨论,辩论;仔细考虑，思考n. 讨论，争论；辩论
22. n. 调查发现，调研结果

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

1. surgeon n. \rightarrow surgery n.
2. n.药剂师,药商；化学家 \rightarrow n.化学 \rightarrow adj.与化学有关的；化学的 _n 化学制品；化学品
3. vi.专门研究(或从事),专攻 \rightarrow adj．专用的；专业的；专门的 \rightarrow adj.特别的；特殊的 n_{\ast} 特别的东西；特价
4. gene n. adj．基因的；遗传学的
5. vt.找到，发现；确认,认出；显示，说明身份 \rightarrow n.鉴定，识别；认同；身份证明
6. vi.&vut．联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述 \rightarrow n.关系,联系
7. vt.恢复；修复；使复原,使复位→_n ．整修；修复；复位
8. adj．反常的，畸形的 \rightarrow adj.正常的；正规的；标准的