9. vt.限制，限定；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束 \rightarrow n .限制措施；限制法律；约束；限制；受 限；束缚

10. vut.（尤指的法令)禁止；使不可能 \rightarrow n ．禁止，阻止;禁令

11. _n ．抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗→ \boldsymbol{v} ，抵抗；抗拒；忍住

12. _n ．特征，特点adj．典型的,独特的→n ．性格；品质；特征；人物，角色

13. adj.成熟的；时机成熟的 \rightarrow v.(使)成熟

Ⅲ.重点短语

1. 在..中起至关重要的作用2. 涉及，与…·有关3. 把.…..应用于·

4. 用作，当……使
5. 努力处理,全力解决
6. 弄清楚，弄懂；计算出
7. 阻止……做某事
8. 放在正确的位置,准备
妥当
9. 对某人有利
10. 毫无疑问，的确

IV.重点句型

1. Some people, for example, carry a gene thatto catch a certain virus or develop aparticularformof cancer.例如,有些人携带一种使他们更容易感染某种病毒或患上某种癌症的基因。2. _，genome editing could be asdangerous asa caroutof control.没有这些控制措施，基因编辑技术可能会像失控的汽车一样危险。

文本研析·语篇理解

I.语篇结构

Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案

1. What is the passage mainly about?

A. People are against using genome editing.
B. Genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
C. Genome editing opens up endless possibilities for humanity.

D. Genome editing is the most effective means of disease treatment and prevention.

2.Which of the following can take the place of the word “contracting” in Para. 2?

A. Acquiring. B. Catching.
C. Curing. D. Spreading.

3. Which of the following is the disadvantage of the genomeediting?

A. Restoring a blind person's vision. B. Helping determine our lifespan. C.Containing all the information needed to make us grow and develop. D. Without putting appropriate controls in place, genome editing could be dangerous.

4.What does the author mainly tell us in the last paragraph?

A. Genome editing can make people taller and help their muscles develop faster.
B. Geneticists and government officials can prohibit genome editing from running wild.
C. Genome editing still needs be explored and debated.
D. Genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.

5. What's the author's attitude towards genome editing?

A. Objective. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Indifferent

Ⅲ.课文语法填空

Genome editing brings many exciting possibilities. is well-known to you, genes play a critical role in shaping our lives, and our own personal genome contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases. As a result, geneticists 2. （try） to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is 3. effective means of disease treatment and prevention. In the near future, it will serve as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, 4. (lead) to a fundamental change in our approach to health care. However， 5. the technology continuing to develop at a fast pace, questions arise about how to use it 6. (appropriate ). Genome editing also brings us some moral problems. Therefore, many people have all started 7. (wrestle） with such issues. We have to find out how to keep the technology from running wild. This means 8. （put）appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage. If we didn't have them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control. In a word, there 9. （be）still much to be explored and debated on genome editing. Without doubt, genome editing is one of the 10. (great) innovations in the history of science.

教材助读·开放课堂

[词汇积累］

[教材原文]

[课文译文]

① game-changing/'geim tfeind3in/adj.改变游戏规则的（指彻底改变事态发展的)
⊚ genome/'d3i:naum/n.基因组,染色体组
③ play a role in...在.....中起作用
\circledast depend on取决于
⑤ cell /sel/n.细胞
\circled{6} being/"bi:ing/n.生物;存在，身心

The future is in our genes

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you all for coming to this lecture. Over the course of my career, I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing as genome editing. I am full of excitement about thepossibilities thisscientific advance can bring and I hope to share my excitementwithyou today.【1】

【1】本句是由并列连词and连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中,this scientific advance can bring是省略了引导词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词thepossibilities，因为引导词在定语从句中充当宾语，故可省略。

未来就在我们的基因之中

女士们、先生们，下午好。感谢各位来到本场讲座。在我的职业生涯中，我见证过许多了不起的科研成果，但没有一项能像基因组编辑一样具有颠覆性。我对这项科学进展能够带来的可能性兴奋不已，并且希望在今天与各位分享这份兴奋之情。

\oslash lifespan/la1fspaen/n.寿命,有效期
⑧ affect/a'fekt/ut.影响；侵袭,使感染;深深打动
⊚ contract /kon'traekt/ut.感染(疾病);与….·订立合同(或契约)/"kontraekt/n.合同,合约
{10} virus/'vairs/n.病毒;（计算机程序中的)病毒
{11} cancer/kensa(r) /n.癌症;邪恶,毒瘤
{12} identify/al'dentifa1/vt.找到,发现;确认,认出;显示，说明身份
{13} relate /ri'leit/vi. & ut.联系,使有联系;叙述,讲述relate to 涉及,与.....相关
{14} means/minz/n.(pl. means)方法,方式;财富,钱财
※by means of 通过,借助于
{15} delete/di'lit/vut.删去,删除
{16} apply...to...把..应用于...
{17} restore/ri'sto:(r) /ut.恢复；修复;使复原,使复位
{18} ultimately/'altimatli/adv.最终;根本上
{19} abnormal/ab'no:ml/adj.反常的,畸形的
{20} serve as 充当,担任
{21} weapon/wepan/n.武器，手段;兵器
{22} fundamental/ fAnds'mentl/adj.十分重大的,根本的；基础的,基本的 n_{\ast} .基本规律,根本法则,基础
{23} approach to...的方法

As many of you may already know, genes play a critical role in^{registered} shaping our lives. Everything from the colour of our eyes to our talent for maths depends on^{registered} genes.The complete set of genes inside a \mathbf{cell}^{(5)} or a living being? is called a genome. Our own personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop. It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan? and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases. Some people, for example, carry a gene that makes them more likely to catch a certain virus or develop a particular form of cancer?.

在座的很多人可能已经知道，基因对于塑造生命起着决定性作用。从眼睛的颜色到数学天赋，一切都取决于基因。一个细胞或一个生物体内的一套完整的基因就称为一个基因组。每个人自己的基因组都携带着各自生长发育所需的全部信息。基因组包含的信息也有助于决定我们寿命长短并影响我们罹患某些疾病的概率。比如，有些人携带的某个基因会使他们更易感染某种病毒，或是患上某种特定类型的癌症。

Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.【2】 It allows geneticists to make changes to the genome by correcting, adding, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material. In the near future, geneticists hope to apply this technology to@ treat a wide range of health problems. Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person's vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing. Ultimately , this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correctingabnormal genes early on.Genome editing, serving as a new weapon? in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental? change in our approach to health care.

遗传学家相信基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段，因此他们一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关。基因组编辑使得遗传学家可以通过修正、嵌入、移除或替换基因材料的特定部分改变基因组。在不久的将来，遗传学家期待运用这项技术解决多种健康问题。也许我们很快就能用这些疗法帮助盲人恢复视力，或使先天性耳聋患者获得敏锐的听力。最终，这项新技术甚至有可能通过及早修正异常基因来预防疾病。基因组编辑技术作为对抗疾病的一种新武器，将从根本上改变我们的医疗保健方式。

【2】本文是主从复合句。主句用了现在完成进行时，其中含有which 引导的宾语从句；as theybelieve genome editing is...是 as 引导的原因状语从句。

O pace/pers/n.发生的速度,节奏;步速;快节奏vi.&vt.来回步,走来走去;确定速度,调整节奏
※at a fast pace 快速地
{25} arise/a'raiz/vi.（ arose,arisen)发生,出现；（由….…·）引起，（因·）产生
{26} restrict/ri'strikt/ut.限制，限定;束缚,妨碍；约束，管束
※restrict...to...限制.....
{27} prohibit/pra'hibit/ut.（尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能prohibit sb. from doingsth.禁止某人做某事
{28} resistance/rr'zistans/n.抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗
{29} {\mathfrak{J}}\ flu/flu:/n .流行性感冒，流感
{30} characteristic/ikarakta'ristik/n.特征，特点 adj.典型的,独特的
{31} wrestle/'resl/vi.& vt.奋力对付,努力处理;摔跤wrestle with努力处理,全力解决
{32} figure out 弄清楚
{33} put sth. in place

准备就绪

\circledast make sure 确保
{35} out of control失控
{36} debate/di'beit/ vut.&vi.讨论,辩论；仔细 考虑，思考 n.讨论,争论;辩论
{37} withoutdoubt毫无疑问， 的确

As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately. Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases? Should we prohibit geneticists \mathbf{from}^{O} using it to enhance healthy bodies? One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and \mathbf{flu}^{Q} , to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent. Wewillalsobeabletoselectspecific characteristicsfor children before theyare born, creating what some have called“designer babies". 【3】 However, is this a good thing? What consequences might it have? Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with? such moral issues. We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild. This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage. Without them， genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.

然而，随着基因组编辑不断迅猛发展，如何恰当地利用这项技术成了问题。我们是否应该将其应用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面？我们是否应该禁止遗传学家利用它来优化健康的身体？不久之后，我们将能利用基因组编辑技术提高人体对感冒和流感的抵抗力，也能让人长得更高、肌肉生长得更快，让人体的各种感官更加灵敏或者智商更高。我们也将能够在孩子出生前就为他们选择特定的特征，制造出有些人所谓的“设计婴儿”。但这是一件好事吗？会有什么后果？哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已着手设法解决这些道德问题。我们必须想办法防止这项技术失控。这意味着我们需要采取恰当的管制措施，以确保基因组编辑对人类有利。否则，它可能会像失控的汽车一样危险。

【3before引导时间状语从句；what引导宾语从句,作 creating 的宾语。

There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing. Despite the public argument over this technology, its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community andbeyond.【4】Without doubt， genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science. Thank you for listening.

【4】本句是简单句。句子用了现在完成进行时，其中Despite the public argument over this technology是介词(despite)短语作让步状语,Despite还可替换为In spite of 或 Regardless of。

对于基因组编辑这一话题，要探索和讨论的还有很多。虽然公众对这项技术存在争论，但它蕴含的可能性让整个医学界和外界都感到非常兴奋。毫无疑问基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的发明之一。感谢各位聆听。

核心突破·互动探究

■第一版块|重点词汇诠释

affectvt.影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动

(1)be affected by 受.…··的影响；被.…···感动 be affected with 感染..…疾病 (2)affection n. 喜爱

①A bad home environment can affect a child's healthy growth.
不良的家庭环境会影响孩子的健康成长。

OPeople were deeply affected by the news of the famous host Li Yong's death.著名主持人李咏去世的消息使人们晞嘘不已。

±b{\otimes} The disease affects millions of people in the world every year.
每年全世界有数百万人感染这种疾病。

④If you download a program and run it, your computer might be affectedwithvirus.如果你下载了一个程序并运行它，你的电脑则有可能染上病毒。

\mathbf{δ}\mathbf{o}_{1} feel much affection for my mum, whose words and actions have a positiveeffecton me.我深爱我的妈妈，她的言行对我有积极的影响。

联想拓展

have an effect on( = affect)对......有影响
= have an influence on
= have an impact on

即学即练单句语法填空

① The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those whose lives
(affect).
②Affected high fever, he continued with his work.
③ Affected his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled. \circledast From then on, we began a relationship that gradually transformed into a great friendship and deep (affect).

contractvt．感染（疾病）;与.….…订立合同（或契约）n．合同，合约

(l)contract a disease/virus 感染疾病/病毒
(2)contract(sb.） to do sth. (与某人)签订合同做某事
(3)draw up a contract 草拟合同 break the contract 违反合同 enter(into)/make/sign a contract(with sb.)

(与某人)签订合同

①The virus appears to be more easily contracted by humans when they are exposed to diseased birds.

接触过患病禽类的人好像更容易感染上这种病毒。

OThe player is contracted to play until August.
这位选手签约参加比赛到八月份。
③She has contracted to work 20 hours a week.
她已签订每周工作20小时的合同。

±b{\mathbb{o}} They could take legal action against you if you break(the terms of）thecontract.如果你违反合同（条款），他们可以起诉你。

±b{\Theta} Don't enter into/sign/make any contracts before examining itsconditions carefully.
仔细检查合同条款之前，不要签订任何合同。

联想拓展

contractwith 承包，与…订有合同 breach of contract 违约；违反合同 sign a contract 签订合同；签合同 Purchase contract 购货合同

>即学即练判断下列句子中 contract的词性及含义
① Non-smokers are less likely to contract lung cancer than smokers. ⊚ —You are late for the morning assembly again!
—I'm terribly sorry. I was drawing up a contract almost the whole night.
③ Their firm has contracted to build a double-purpose bridge across the river.

identifyvt.找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份

(1)identify... as... 认出显示···是 identifyalinkbetween...and..．发现......与.....之间的关联 identify with sb. 与某人产生共鸣；同情某人
(2）identification n 鉴定，识别；认同；身份证明 identification card = identitycard身份证 ①When we hear a sound, our brains identify the source quickly.
我们听到一个声音时，大脑会迅速确定它的来源。

②I cannot identifyhis signature.我认不出他的签名。

③Fred identified the bag as his by telling what it contained.

弗雷德通过说出包里的东西来证明这个包是他的。

4The audience identified with the main character.
观众与主角产生了共鸣。

\mathbf{\triangleq} We were asked to show some identification before the security guards would let us in.保安要我们出示身份证明才让我们进去。

relatevt.&vi.联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述

2The report related high wages to labour shortages.
这份报告把高薪与劳动力短缺联系了起来。 ③He related the facts of the case to journalists.
他给记者们讲述了这件事的实际情况。

4Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.

\mathbf{δg}_{}1 have a lot to say in relation to this affair.
关于这件事，我有很多话要说。

即学即练单句语法填空

① Your student ID card identifies you a student at the University of Bolton.
⊚ For lack of similar experiences, most students find it hard to identify the characters in the film.
③ The woman who was on passport control asked me if I had any further (identify).

语境助记

Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.o果 一些家长认为高科技玩具对他们 的孩子有帮助的话，他们会购 买，但研究人员说，拼图有助子 孩子掌握与数学相关的技能。

即学即练单句语法填空

① He related some amusing stories about his students his friends.
⊚ An experienced journalist will notputforward
(related） questions when covering reports.
③ The mother-daughter
（relation） is always a closer bond among all human links.
\circledast We want to shock people into realizing that many smokers die all too soon from illness and diseases (relate) to smoking.

meansn.（pl.means）方法，方式；财富，钱财

①For most people in the city, the bus is their main means of transport.

对这个城市的大多数人来说，公共汽车是他们的主要交通工具。

②We can make great progress in our English study by this means.
我们可以通过这种方式在英语学习中取得很大的进步。 3Thoughts are expressed by means of words.
思想借助言语来表达。/言为心声。

4By no means will Jane agree to go hiking this weekend. She has toomuchworkto do.

简决不会同意这周末去远足。她有太多工作要做。

±b{\Theta} Tom, can I use your new computer?汤姆，我能用一下你的新电脑吗？—Byall means！当然可以！

restorevt.恢复；修复；使复原，使复位

(1)restore one's sight/hearing 恢复某人的视力/听力 restore confidence/faith 恢复信心 restore sb./sth. to sth. 使.恢复到…. restore sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人
(2)restoration n. 恢复；复位；王政复辟；归还

±b{\Sigma} We must restore our earth not just because we care about the natural world, but because we live in it.

我们必须恢复我们的地球，不仅仅因为我们关心自然界，还因为我们在这生活。

±b{\mathscr{e}} The government is trying to restore public confidence in its management of the economy.

政府正试图恢复公众对其经济管理的信心。

③We hope to restore the garden to its former glory.
我们想把这花园变得和过去一样美丽。 ±b{\mathbb{o}} The police have now restored the painting to its rightful owner.
警察已经把这幅油画归还给了它的合法主人。

名师点津

means 单夏数同形，此类名词还有deer(鹿）,sheep（绵羊）,species(物种）等。
means 作主语，被 every,each 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式；被all,several,many等修饰时，谓语动词用夏数形式。
All possible means have been tried, butnot every means works.
所有可能的方法都尝试过了，但并不是每一种方法都奏效。

即学即练单句语法填空 ① Basketball is my favourite sport. There is nothing like basketball as a means keeping fit. ② My experience shows that we should not be afraid of losing face, and only this means can we make progress. ③ Every possible means (try), but none has worked.

语境助记

It was built originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored. 它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而 建造的，现在已经完金修夏了。

即学即练单句语法填空

① The army has recently been brought in (restore) order.
⊚ His visit is expected to lead to the （restore）of diplomatic relations.
③ We will restore her
health but it may take time.
\circledast The following day their horses and goods were restored
them.

abnormaladj.反常的，畸形的

①They thought his behaviour was abnormal.
他们认为他行为反常。 ±b{\mathscr{e}} Smart toilets can warn you early on if there is something abnormal.如果有异常情况，智能马桶会提前警告你。
③It's normal to feel tired after such a long trip.
这样长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。

即学即练单句语法填空

①It is （normal） for a man to have six fingers on each hand.
⊚ Life has improved and returned normal.
③ At night farmers
（normal）keep their animals in closed areas to protect them from predators（捕食性动物）.

fundamentaladj．十分重大的，根本的；基础的，基本的n．基本规律，根本法则，基础

(1)be fundamental to 对...·是必要的；对.….是根本的 fundamental difference 根本区别 fundamental change 根本变化
(2)fundamentally adv. 根本的，从根本上
(3）fundament n. 基础

① There is a fundamental difference between the twopoints of view.这两个观点有根本区别。

即学即练单句语法填空

① A (fundament） human right is being taken away from these people.
⊚ He believes better relations with China are fundamental
the well-being of the area.
③ He disagreed
(fundamental）with the president's judgment.
\circledast For now I'll talk about the importance of these
(fundamental).

4Success depends fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the events in our lives. 成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和生活中发生的事情的看法。

pacen.[sing，U]速度，步速；节奏vi.&vt.来回步，走来走去；确定速度，调整节奏

at a fast pace 快速
jat a pace of... 以….··的速度
pace of life 生活节奏
keep pace with. 与·.步调一致与·并驾齐驱

①Compared with the urban life, I prefer the relaxed pace of life in the country.和都市生活相比，我更喜爱乡间那悠闲的生活节奏。

2We encourage all students to work at their own pace.
我们鼓励所有的学生都按照自己的节奏学习。

③It's important for a company to keep pace with the changes in the market, or it will be left behind.

4As they waited, Kravis paced the room nervously.
他们等待的时候，克拉维斯在屋里不安地来去。 It was a tough race and I had to pace myself.
这是场艰苦的比赛，我得控制好自己的节奏。

语境助记

According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories perhour.根据大多数统计的数据 显示，以每小时6英里的速度运 动的竟走者，每小时可以消耗大 约800卡路里·..

即学即练单句语法填空

① He'd only gone a few (pace) before he stopped again. ⊚ Many people were not satisfied with the pace reform. ③ Farmers are angry because the rise in salary fails to keep pace inflation（通货膨胀）. \circledast The train was moving a snail's pace.

restrict \nu t ．限制，限定；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束

(1)restrict sth.to 限制到(程度) sth. is restricted to sb. 某事仅限于某人 restrict oneself/sb.to sth./doing sth.限制自己做某事
(2)restriction n. 限制；约束；束缚

±b{\Sigma} The living conditions severely restricted the children's freedom to play.居住条件严重限制了孩子们玩要的自由。

②Speed is restricted to 30~mph in towns.
在城里车速不得超过每小时 30英里。 ③Access to the club is restricted to members only.
俱乐部仅对会员开放。 4I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day.
我限制自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。
Wuhan declared temporary outbound trafficrestrictions.
武汉宣布临时关闭离汉通道。

即学即练单句语法填空

① They had decided to restrict university entry about 30 percent of applicants.
⊚ For the next two weeks, patients （restrict）to the grounds.
③ Since the costs of science were rising faster than inflation, some （restrict） on funding were necessary.
\circledast He restricted (him) to five cigarettes a day.

resistancen.抵抗力；抵制，反对；抵抗，反抗

(1)resist vi. & ot. 抵制；反抗；抵挡；忍住；抵抗 ut. 使不受.·.·的伤害；抵抗（伤害） resist doing sth. 抵制/忍住做某事
(2)resistant adj. 抵抗的;有抵抗力的

① The environmentalists put up lots of resistance to fur-clothingcompanies.环保人士多次对皮衣公司提出了抗议。

±b{\mathscr{e}} The new paint is designed to resist heat.
这种新油漆是为耐热而设计的。
③She couldn't resist laughing when she saw him in those clothes.
看到他那幅穿戴，她忍不住大笑起来。

语境助记

The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. 对苗的抵制已经持续了几十 年，这是由一个真正但非常小的 风险所驱动的。

>即学即练单句语法填空
① Male hormones help build up the body's （resist）to stress.
⊚ He couldn't resist
(show） off his new car.

debate vt.&vi.讨论，辩论；仔细考虑，思考n.讨论，争论；辩论

(1)debate(sth.） with sb. 与某人辩论/讨论(某事) debate(with sb.） about/on/over sth. (与某人)辩论/讨论某事
(2)under debate 正在讨论中 have a lively/heated/fierce/violent debate(about/on/over sth.) (就某事)进行激烈的辩论

①These days young girls are travelling abroad to receive plastic surgery, which deserves to be debated publicly.

如今，年轻女孩出国接受整形手术，这值得进行公开讨论。

2He likes to debate issues with his friends.
他喜欢和他的朋友们讨论问题。

±b{\otimes} We debated for an hour on the advantages and disadvantages ofhis plan.关于他的计划的利与我们讨论了一个小时。

语境助记

Withanewfarmbilltobedebated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.

由子国会将讨论一项新的农业法案，消费者必须站在年轻农民的立场上。

>即学即练单句语法填空 ① They debated each other what courses they should take in the coming year.

4 The proposal under debate was put forward by a leading scientist in the field.
那个正在讨论的提议是由这个领域的一位杰出的科学家提出的。 Our classhada debatewith theteacher onwhethertoreduce the amountofhomeworkor not.
我们班与老师就是否减少家庭作业进行了讨论。
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park.
经过几年的激烈辩论，灰狼被重新引人了黄石国家公园。 ⊚ The suggestion of building a new library in this city is still
debate.
③Recently there has been
heated debate whether the public can use the university's sports field for free.

·第二版块|重点句型解构

（教材原句）Some people，for example，carry a gene that makes them more likely to catch a certain virus or develop a particular form of cancer. 例如，有些人携带一种使他们更容易感染某种病毒或患上某种癌症的基因。

[句式分析］“make ^+ 宾语 ^+ 宾补"结构

make在此作使役动词，意为“使……..”，其宾语通常是名词或代词，宾语补足语可用形容词、省略to的不定式、名词、过去分词等。注意：make后的宾语补足语不能用现在分词。具体用法如下：(1)make ^+ 名词/代词 ^+ 名词，使某人/某物成为·……，如果宾补是表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词，则其前不用冠词。
(2)make ^+ 名词/代词 ^+ 省略to的不定式，使某人/某物做某事,当用于被动语态时，不定式符号to要加上。
(3)make ^{+} 名词/代词 ^+ 形容词，使.…..变得.·.··
(4)make ^+ 名词/代词 ^+ 过去分词，使某人/某物被·…·，构成过去分词的动词与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。①The Internet makes our lives easy and convenient.
互联网使我们的生活变得舒适、方便。
② What he said made all of us laugh.
-All of uswere made to laugh by whathe said.（被动语态）
他的话让我们都大笑起来。（变为被动语态时，省略的是to要加上）
③It's the various places of interest and the good weather that makeSpain atourist attraction.
各种各样的名胜和好天气使西班牙成为旅游胜地。
④I'm not very good at German, but I can make myself understood.我的德语不太好，但我能清楚地表达自己的意思。

语境助记

The construction of the gym caused much noise, making it difficult for nearby residents to sleep.
建造体育馆产生了很大的噪声，这使附近的居民很难入睡。
The man made it clear that he wouldn't accept the task.
这个人说得很清楚，他不会接受这个任务。

特别提示

“make+宾语+宾补”结构中，当宾语是不定式（的夏合结构）或从句时，常用 i t 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语后置，即构成"make+ it+ n.adj.(+ for sb.)+ 不定式从句”。

>即学即练单句语法填空/完成 句子

① Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us (examine) Our behavior, and correct bad habits. ⊚ Wearedetermined tofollowthe examples of our excellent schoolmates and make ourselves
(use) to the whole society.
③ There were so many people in the hospital that I was made
（wait） four hours before I was examined by a doctor.
\circledast She had to shout to make herself （hear）above the sound of the music.
⑤ 他为我们学生所做的一切使他成 为一位受欢迎和尊敬的老师。
All he has done for us students (教材原句） Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
如果没有适当的控制措施，基因组编辑可能会像失控的汽车一样危险。

[句式分析］含有without的含蓄虚拟条件句without一词表示“没有”，without短语可以含蓄地表达某一假设条件，这时句子应使用虚拟语气。例如：

①Withoutwater = If it were not for water）, men would not live any longer.没有水，人类就活不下去。

另外，当含有without的含蓄虚拟条件句表示对过去的虚拟时，句子谓语动词应用would/should/could/mighthave done形式，without短语也可以替换为“ :\{+\} 主语 ^+ hadnot ^+ 过去分词”，例如：

±b{\mathscr{o}} Withouthavingbeencaredfor = If hehad not been cared for）, the sick baby would not have survived for a week.

这个生病的婴儿之前如果没有得到照顾的话，是活不过一周的。

名师点津

虚拟语气在条件句中的用法

>即学即练完成句子/一句多译 ① 没有树木，沙尘暴就得不到阻挡。 Without trees, the sandstorm
⊚ 如果没有得到治疗，这个病人就 不会这么快康复了。
，the patient would not have recovered quickly. \rightarrow If he ，the patient would not have recovered quickly.

课时达标·随堂自测

I.单词拼写

1. The （外科医生）treated the patient's waist injury with great care.
2. I'm a practicing (医师，内科医生) trying to motivate people to fight against diseases bravely.
3.The （化学家）showed the qualities of humility and grace.
4. The （牙科医生）oftenruns marathons, and he can win prizes.
5. The famous professor （专攻）in breakdancing history.
6. The （改变游戏规则的）momentwill come when the middle class gradually starts to buy.
7. The increase of white blood (细胞） led to the decline of his constitution.
8.A new era was brought into (存在) by the insurance.
9.Cheating in last week's election （影 响） the celebrity's reputation.
10. We compete with four other companies for the (合同).
11. Once affected by the (病毒），people can get sick.
12. We called on the professor to deliver a lecture on how to treat (癌症).
13.1 （认出）him as soon as the amateur came in the room.
14. Building body is an effective (方法) of prolonging lifespan.
15. We can use antivirus software to （删 除）viruses from the computer.
16. After the cure of cancer, he is now fully （恢复）to health.
17. （最终），the dentist succeeded in pulling out the tooth for the patient.
18. His （反常的）remarksraised everyone's dissatisfaction.
19. Education is the only （武器）to overcome poverty ultimately.
20.Our constitution shows all the （基本 的） principles of democracy.

Ⅱ.短语填空

prohibit sb. from doing sth. ; wrestle with; put... in place; without doubt; a ripe old age; specialize in; be full of excitement about; play a critical role in; depend on; fight against; apply... to... ; at a fast place; figure out; be one's advantage; out ofl control

1. ，genes play a literally remarkable role in the whole genetic process.
2. The forest is on fire and the flames are spreading to the village
3. Now, people all over the world the new cruel virus.
4. Now, the constitution doctors changing the genome forever.
5.Once there is no moral boundary, people's behaviour will become
6.“We must the abnormal phenomenon of smoking," the council said.
7. Signing a fixed contract the company's afterwards.
8. The salesman such a high turnover （营业额）this month.
9. As expected, the celebrity lives to be and has dozens of grandchildren.
10. No one could how he won the election.
11.The success of our class in the relay race the efforts of every member of the team.
12. The trend of successful development of vaccine （疫苗） overcoming virus infection.
13. The unselfish chemist himself the research of new drugs for cancer.
14. After entering university, he changed his major and constitution.

15. Before the debate begins, everything should

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1. 1 have a great (affect) for New York.
2. Each product has a number for easy (identify).
3. The palace is closed for (restore).
4. Many problems have （arise）when prices of the house rose sharply, which is beyond the ordinary people's buying capacity.
5. Clearly, dropping this (restrict） would allow the other species to recover.
6. Generally speaking, there was no (resist) to the idea.
7. Body language is the language with which we express our ideas and feelings means of body movements.
8. You'd better put things place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find them.
9. Misunderstandings arising lack of social communication, unless handled properly, may lead to serious problems.
10. Since the new （prohibit）of drunk driving was introduced, the number of accidents in the area has fallen sharply.

IV.完成句子

1.毫无疑问，经常锻炼身体是避免感染流感的有效 方法。 ，taking regular physical exercise is an effective way to avoid being infected with flu. (doubt)
2.音乐让我感到很放松。它还可以缓解我的乡愁。 The music .It can also relieve my homesickness.(“make ^{+} 宾语 ^{+} 宾补"结构)
3.最好先让学习者自己处理材料，而不是一开始就 提供帮助。 It's better to let the learners the materials on their own rather than offer assistances at the start.(wrestle)

Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills

新知感知·自学导弓

I.核心词汇

1. withdraw vi. &. ut. （过去式 ，过去分词 )脱离(社会),不与人交往;(使)撤离；(使)退出;停止提供
2. adj. 人工的，人造的；人为的；虚假的
3. limb n.
4. adj. 外向的
5. _n 皮革
6. _n 专利,专利证书adj. 有专利的，受专利保护的
7. Ut. 增加,刺激；给··提供燃料n 燃料
8. vt. 应付,处理,解决
9.head-on adv.adj.
10. centimetre n. (AmE centimeter)

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

vt.配备；使有能力 \rightarrow n.[U]装备；设备

2. n.橡胶；橡皮 \rightarrow U.擦；摩 擦;擦破

3. adj．感激的，表示感谢的→n.感激(之情);感激
4. adj.有残疾的，丧失能力的 \rightarrow n ．缺陷，障碍
5. adj．传统的，习惯的；依照惯例的，遵循习俗的→ n.习俗；常规；惯例
6. sensory adj. n.感觉，官能;观念
7. vut.使不安；打扰；搅乱→adj．引起烦恼的；令人不安的；引起恐慌的
8. vt.&vi．调整,调节；适应,习惯；整理n.调整；调节

Ⅲ.重点短语

1. 穿好衣服
2. 抓紧；坚持
3. 打开，开辟
4. 引起某事(尤指坏事)
5. 注意察看，留心
6. 竭尽全力做某事，不遗余
力做某事
7. 提出解决办法
8. 关于某事/物的提前考虑

核心突破·互动探究

·第一版块|重点词汇诠释

withdraw vi.&vt.（withdrew，withdrawn)脱离(社会）,不与人交往;(使)撤回；(使)退出;停止提供;提，取

withdraw into oneself 脱离(社会)，不与人交往
withdraw(...） from.. （使….….）从…….….撤离；（使……·） 从.….…退出
withdraw to （离开）到·…··.
withdraw money 取钱
withdraw cash 取现；取钱
withdrawtroops 收兵，撤军

①Research shows that many depressed people tend to withdraw into themselves.

研究表明，许多抑郁的人倾向于把自己封闭起来。

>即学即练单句语法填空/翻译
句子
① She decided to withdraw the competition and her （withdraw）shocked
everybody.
⊚ The paper its
remarks before they were accused.
Later other papers
their reports too. (withdraw) ②A knee injury forced Ann to withdraw from the competition.
膝盖受伤使安不得不退出了比赛。 ③We withdrew to the garden for a private talk.
我们躲到花园里去说悄悄话。 ④Tomwithdrew \mathbf{F} 500 \mathbf{ from} his account to buy a birthday gift.
汤姆从他的账户中取了500元来买一份生日礼物。

名师点津

withdraw本身已经包含了“...…·回”之意，故不能再和back连用，有类似用法的动词还有return，repay等。

语境助记

The drug was withdrawn from sale after a number of people suffered serious side effects. 这药因许多人服后产生严重副作用而被停止销售。

equipv.配备；装备；使有所准备；使有能力

③ If you withdraw
yourself, it is not good for your growth.

\circled{4} You are allowed to withdraw \mathbb{S}1,000 a month from the account.

⑤ The horse was withdrawn from the race.

(1)equip sb. with 使某人具备. equip sb. for sth. 使某人能够胜任某事 equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
(2)equipment n. [U]设备，器材；配备，装备 a piece of equipment 一件设备

±b{\Sigma} The boys equipped themselves with food, tents and sleeping bags for their journey.

男孩们为他们的旅行带上了食物、帐篷和睡袋。

QThe hospital is fully equipped with equipment to deal with the urgent situation at present. 这家医院设备装备齐全，以此来应对目前紧急的情况。

③Not equipped with enough ability, Mike is not fit for the job.
因为不具备足够的技能，麦克不适合这份工作。 ④A good education can equip you for life.
良好的教育能使你受益终身。

Some lessons can help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.

特别提示

equip sb./oneself/sth．with（for sth.）（为了.....）使某人/某人自 己/某物配备·..·… be(fully/poorly）equippedwith...（齐全/简陋）装备/配备.…

语境助记

Our school is fully equipped with advanced teaching equipment.
我们学校先进的教学设备配备齐全。

>即学即练单句语法填空/句式 升级

① It is worth mentioning that the newly-built teaching building has been equipped
advanced audio-visual
(equip).

⊚ Forty years ago, most people in China lived in small houses where winter seemed to be extremely cold. Now people live in large houses （equip）with heating systems.

③ Without a basic education,the young entrepreneurs aren't equipped （manage） the businesses they create.

\circled{4} All I need to do is to equip them adequate knowledge so that they can have better chances of a bright future.

⑤ When every classroom is equipped with the most advanced teaching facilities, they are spacious, modern and user-friendly.(过去分词作状语) the most advanced teaching facilities, every classroom is spacious, modem and user-friendly.

gratefuladj．感激的；表示感谢的

be grateful to sb. (for sth. ) (因某事)向某人表示感谢
be grateful that 感激的是·…·…
I would be grateful if you could/would... 如果你能···我将感激不尽 (用于提出请求)

①Now I am grateful to myself for sticking to the thing I truly dreamedof.

现在我很感激自己坚持做自已真正梦想的事情。

±b{\mathscr{e}} Tom was very grateful that she didn't tell his parents about his dishonesty.
她未将他的不诚实行为告诉他父母，汤姆很感激。 ③I would be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration.
如果你能考虑我的话，我将不胜感激。

disturbvt.使不安；打扰；搅乱

>即学即练单句语法填空/完成 句子
① I'm so grateful all volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
⊚ She was so grateful
my help that she gave me a big hug when I was going to leave.
③ 我想邀请你去看展览。如果你那 天能和我一起去，我将不胜感激。 I'dlike to invite you to the exhibition.
(1)disturb public order 扰乱公共秩序 don't disturb 请勿打扰;不要打扰 disturb sb. 打扰某人
(2)disturbed adj. 有精神病的;心理不正常的；不幸 的；心神不安的 be disturbed to find/see/discover/learn... 找到/看到/发现/获悉.·..时感 到不安 be disturbed by/about/at..．对.....感到忧虑 be disturbed that... 对.……感到不安 disturbing adj. 引起恐慌的；令人不安的 a disturbing piece of news 一则令人不安的消息

①I'm sorry to disturb you, but can I talk to you for a moment? 对不起，打扰你一下，我能跟你谈一会儿吗？

②Don't disturb the papers on my desk.
别把我桌上的文件弄乱了。

③I dreamt about him，and the dream was so vivid that disturbed me for days.

我梦见了他,梦境如此逼真,以至于我好几天都心神不宁。

4 The killer had a disturbed family background.
那名杀手出身于一个坎坷不幸的家庭。 She was disturbed to learn he had bought a motorbike.
得知他买了一辆摩托车，她很担心。 \mathbf{\sigma}_{\mathbf{Q}1} was deeply disturbed and depressed by the news.
这消息使我深感不安和沮丧。

语境助记

However, I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of camps among tons of rubbish. 然而，我很快就发现，自从那些 令人不安的报道说在成吨的垃圾 中有营地以来，情况已经发生了 很大的变化。

即学即练单句语法填空

① We can't focus on our homework becauseofthe
(disturb) noise.
⊚ I feel emotionally upset and （disturb） by my own shopping habits.
③ The building work is creating constant noise, dust and
(disturb).

adjustvt.&vi.调整，调节；适应，习惯；整理

(1)adjust sth. to sth. 调整某物以适应某物（to是 介词)
(2)adjust to(doing） sth. 习惯/适应(做)某事 adjust oneself to sth. 使自己适应某事
(3)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应 make an adjustment/adjustments to... 对…作出调整
(4)adjustable adj. 可调节的 ①To ensure the safety,check and adjust the brakes regularly.
为了安全，经常检查并调节刹车装置。

②When giving lectures, please adjust your language to the age of youraudience.发表演讲时,请根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。

±b{\otimes} It took many years for me to adjust to the cold winters in Vermont.我花了许多年才适应佛蒙特州寒冷的冬天。

4 They adjusted themselves to city life quickly.
他们很快就适应了城市生活。
They should make adjustments to the mechanism.
他们应对机械装置进行调整。

gotogreatlengthstodosth.竭尽全力做某事；不遗余力做某事

即学即练单句语法填空

① The company made an
(adjust) to the workers’ salary. ⊚ Rachel hoped that her sister would soon adjust
(she） to the university life.
③ There was no light in the room and it took me a few seconds to adjust the darkness. \circledast Kids need help to adjust to (have） a new baby in the house.
表示“尽力做”的常见搭配
do everything in one's power 做一切力所能及的事
do/try one's best to do sth. 尽力做某事
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
spare no effort(s)/pains to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
make an/every effort to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事
take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛苦/尽力做某事
take (great） pains to do 努力做某事，费尽力气做 某事
go all out to do sth. /for sth. 全力以赴做/为某事

①No. 9 High School is one of those that have gone to great lengths to protect students’ eyes, coming up with many effective solutions. 第九中学是竭尽全力保护学生眼晴的学校之一，提出了许多有效的 解决办法。

②They tried their best to make use of the chance that their school offered to study abroad.

他们尽最大努力利用学校提供的出国学习的机会。

③If I am lucky enough to be elected, I will make every effort to serve for the benefit of students and our club.
如果我有幸当选，我会尽一切努力为学生和我们的俱乐部的利益 服务。

联想拓展

与 length 有关的短语
in length长度
at length最后；详尽地
the length of time 持续时间，时长
total length 金长；总长度
keep sb. at arm's length 与某人保持
一定距离
at great/full length非常详细地
length o.......的长度

即学即练单句语法填空

① After all, people often do go great lengths to help others.
⊚ I'll do everything my power to perform wellin the volunteer job.
③ To our delight, the guide is trying his best (make) our trip enjoyable.

4If each of them learns to go all out for his team and not for himself on the sports field,he will later find it natural to work for the good of society, for the good of his country.

如果他们每个人在运动场上学会了为自己的球队全力以赴而不是为自己，他以后会发现为社会的利益、为国家的利益而工作是很自然的。

·第二版块|重点句型解构

\circledast Parents arrange everything for their children and spare effort to pave the way for their success. \circled{5} The couple went out to prepare a spectacular feast for their guests.

(教材原句）It is important for eyes to get regular breaks throughout the day... 对眼睛来说，在一天中得到有规律的休息是很重要的··

［句式分析] It~is{+}a d j.+(for,\dots) todo..．（对...….来说）做... 是.的
此句型中形容词常用与事物的特征有关的词，如easy，difficult， hard, important,necessary，convenient,quick 等。
±b{\Sigma} It's beneficial for individuals to engage in regular physical activities to maintain good physical and mental health.
定期进行体育活动对个人保持良好的身心健康是有益的。
OActually he is very conventional. It is difficult for you to persuade him.实际上他很传统，你很难说服他。

即学即练单句语法填空

①It is quite necessary
(react) quickly to any emergency. ⊚ It's kind you to help the old woman. We all know it's difficult her to climb the stairs.
③ However, organic food consumers argue it is better （be） safe than sorry.

课时达标·随堂自测

I.单词拼写

1. The chairman （撤走）all the information about the meeting.
2. This small country is （装备）with such advanced weapons.
3. We helped the disabled man equip himself with an （人造的）limb.
4. The hurdles in the game are all made of (橡胶).
5. The amateur athlete is very (外向的) and is liked by everyone.
6. I'd be （感激的）if you would keep it in perspective.
7.Although he is （残疾的），we can learn dignity from him.
8. She never complains about her physical （残疾）because she is very optimistic.
9. In the （传统的）opinion，women are prohibited from participating in politics.
10. Without doubt, the belt is made of （皮革）because it is very durable.
11. Once the leg is injured, both motor and （感觉的）functions are affected.
12. The chemist gained the （专利）of the use of the chemical substance.
13. Manufacturing industry was worst affected by the （燃料）shortage.
14. The noise outside the building seriously （打扰）the physician's research.
15. The government is determined to (解决) the problems that people complain about.
16. We need to resolve the (正面的) confrontation when the condition is ripe.
17. The hotel must （调整）the door so that the disabled can go through it.
18. The new leather belt is one （厘米） longer than the old one.

Ⅱ.短语填空

be equipped with; be grateful for; withdraw into oneself; lead a normal life; hold on to; be capable of; be fed back into take out a patent on
1. We knew that your company would making artificial limbs to motivate the disabled to overcome difficulties.
2. The company plans to their newly developed artificial intelligence technology, which they hope will equip them with a competitive edge in the market.
3. Despite being disabled, he manages to and remains outgoing and positive.
4.I am truly grateful to have such capable tools and resources, enabling me to pursue my goals with confidence.
5.Now the teeth don't hurt, so I the help from the unselfish dentist.
6.The company is determined to its patent, despite the emergence of new competitors in the market.
7. After becoming disabled, the outgoing man , rarely leaving his home.
8. The data collected from the diverse sources the system for further analysis.

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1. He will have to make major (adjust) to his thinking if he is promoted in office. 2. A garbageman is a difficult and enormously useful job. We should all be grateful Mr. Harris. 3. At first, I was moved by the (disable) players’ optimistic attitude towards life.

4. He was in no mood for talking to anyone and looked for a chance to withdraw the party and no one took notice of his (withdraw).
5.We can't always observe the （convention） customs handed down to us from the past as times have changed.
6. Olympic host cities are generally with advanced technology and expensive (equip)
7. She was grateful their great help when she was in difficulty.
8. He stopped to try to adjust his eyes the dim light.

IV.单句写作

1.我们一直在竭尽全力激发在校孩子的积极性。(go to great lengths to do sth.)

2.缺少齐心协力导致了这一复杂问题。（give rise to)

3.我们必须共同努力解决问题。（It is ^{+} adj. ^{+} forsb./sth. ^+ to do sth.）

4.请确保每一个同伴都很好地适应住宿生活。(ensure that...)

5.我们必须让他意识到信仰的重要性。（make sb. awareof)

6.我相信人们是因一种同是人的情感而团结在一起的。(It is my belief that...)

语法精讲 3

现在完成进行时

1.现在完成进行时的构成和用法

(1)构成:have/has been doing
(2)用法
① 表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在并且有可 能继续下去的动作
常与延续性动词连用,并常与 all the time,this week, this month, all night, all morning, recently，these few days 等状语以及 since 或for 引导的时间状语(从句)连用。
①I have been reading Water Margin recently. 我最近一直在读《水浒传》。
OTom has been murmuring since this morning. 从早上开始,汤姆一直在咕嘧着。
①How long have you been doing this job?
你做这份工作多久了？
⊚ 表示动作刚刚结束
±b{\circ} Sorry! I'm late. How long have you been waiting for me?
对不起！我来晚了。你等我多长时间了？
Hello! At last! I have been telephoning you all morning.
喂！我可找着你了！我一早上都在给你打电话呢。 ③ 表示近期内重复发生的动作
±b{\mathfrak{s}} He has been writing literary criticism for the newspaper since he became a teacher.
自从任教以来，他一直在为该报纸写文学评论。 ±b{\oslash} We have been discussing the matter several times this year.
我们今年已经讨论那件事好几次了。
\circledast 表示某种感情色彩
She has been persuading me out of the plan. 她一直在劝我放弃这个计划。（不耐烦）
You have been giving me everything.
你给了我一切。（感激)

！2.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别

(1)现在完成时强调的是某个刚完成的动作，或某 个过去的动作对现在的影响；现在完成进行时则 强调动作的延续性。
①He has written a letter.
他写了一封信。（已经写好）
2He has been writing a letter.
他一直在写一封信。（仍然在写）
(2)现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复性，而现在 完成进行时可表示动作的重复性。
③Have you met the couple recently?
你最近见过那对夫妇吗？（见过面）
④Have you been meeting the couple recently? 你最近常和那对夫妇见面吗？（经常见面）
(3)现在完成时一般是平铺直叙，只表明一个事 实、一种影响或结果,不带感情色彩,而现在完成 进行时有时含有感情色彩，可使表达显得生动。 I have waited for that master musician for two hours.
我等了那位音乐大师两个小时。（说明一个事实） 1 have been waiting for that master musician for two hours.
我一直在等那位音乐大师，已经两个小时了。（可 能表示不满)
(4)表示状态、感觉或情感的动词，如 see,feel， know,love可用于现在完成时，但不可用于现在完 成进行时。
OWe have known each other for many years.
我们相识已经很多年了。（不说：Wehavebeen knowing...）
He has loved Helen since he met her for the first time.他自从第一次见到海伦就爱上了她。（不说： He has been loving...)

课时达标·随堂自测

I.用括号内词的适当形式填空

1. Ever since the Greens moved to the country a year ago，they (enjoy）better health.

2.In the last few years,China (make) great achievements in environmental protection.

3. Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement (reach） so far by the two sides.

4.Marty （work） really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.

5.You know,1 (look） for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.

6.—Oh no! We're too late. The train (leave). —That's OK. We'll catch the next train to London.

7. It is known to us all that Shakespeare (recognise） as one of the greatest playwrights sofar.

8.—Take a break， Amy. You (practise) the piano all morning. —I'd like to, but this time next week I (give) a concert at the concert hall.

9.Tom （work）in the library every night over the last three months.

10.1 letters this morning and 1 for four hours so far.(write)

11. —- What bad weather! I am sick of it here. -So am I. It （rain）sincelast Friday. Wish we could see the sun tomorrow.

12. I wonder if John has forgotten my number. 1 (expect) him to call me for the past two hours.

13. —John, why are you so upset? 一I （look） for my cellphone all morning but it is nowhere to be found.

14.—Nancy doesn't look very well. What's wrong with her? —She has a terrible headache because she （work）too long. She should stop to have a good rest.

15. Excuse me, madam. Ellen, a journalist from the DailyMail, (phone） all day. Could you speak to her now?

Ⅱ.单句写作

1.我已经学习了三个小时。

2.她自2015年以来一直在这家公司工作。

3.他们整个下午都在踢足球。

4.我们已经等了你一个多小时。

5.他最近感觉不太好。

Section Ⅱ Extended reading & Project

新知感知·自学导引

I.核心词汇

1. acupuncture n ：
2. n. 针;注射针;指针
3. adj. 实心的;固体的;结实的;纯色的n. 固体
4. vi. \& Ut. 转变;交换;调班n. 开关,闸;转变,改变
5. n. 钢;钢铁工业
6. n 毫米
7. n. 私人诊所；门诊部；门诊时间
8. tongue n ：
9. pulse _n vi.
10. n. 手腕,腕关节
11. U. 滥用；虐待；辱骂
12. n 烟草
13. n. 毒品;药物
14. n. (pl.现象
15. n. 物质;要点
16. adj. 分布广的,普遍的,广泛的
17. bandage n.
18. n. (医院的)科,部门，局，系

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

1. n.证据，证明；物证，人证vt．证明，表明 \rightarrow adj．明显的；明白的
2. adj．不生锈的→ n.污点，污渍
3. vt.检查，检验；审查，调查；考,测试；审问→ n.考试；检查；查问
4. organ n. adj．有机的；组织的；器官的；统一的 \rightarrow organism n.
5. adj．十分严重的，极为恶劣的；严厉的；艰难的 \rightarrow adv．严重地；严格地，严厉地
6. n.焦虑；担心;渴望 \rightarrow adj.焦虑的;担忧的;渴望的;急切的 \rightarrow adv.不安地,忧虑地;急切地
7. n ．酒精，酒 \rightarrow alcoholic adj.n.
8. n.象征；符号，代号 \rightarrow adj.使用象征的；作为象征的；象征性的 \rightarrow Ut.象征；是.…·的象征；代表
9. n.传染，感染 \rightarrow vt.传染；使感染 \rightarrow adj．传染性的；感染的 \rightarrow adj．受感染的

Ⅲ.重点短语

1. 追溯到，始于，自…·
至今
2. 代替
3. 切换到，转到..
4. 与.…·有关/有联系
5. 各种各样的
6. 帮助应付.…·
7. 传播到·……
8. 被收录到·…
9. 被认为是··
10.

IV.重点句型

1. Up to now, more than 360 acupuncture pointshave been identified,到目前为止，已有360多个针刺穴位被确认，每一个穴位都与身体的不同部位相连。

2. doubts about its safetyhave ，interest continues to grow. 人们对针灸安全性的怀疑逐渐减少，而对它的兴 趣不断增加。

文本研析·语篇理解

I.语篇结构

整体阅读课文,完成下面表格(每空一词)

Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案

1. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2?

A. The development of needles.
B. The importance of needles.
C. The materials of needles.
D. The kinds and length of needles.

2. What is the first step of an acupuncturist examining the patient?

A. Feeling his or her pulse.
B. Asking the patient some questions.
C. Looking at the patient's skin and tongue.
D. Listening to the sound of the patient's voice.

3. Why should acupuncture points be identified?

A. They are easy to get infected.
B. They are used to identify diseases.
C. They are distributed throughout the body.
D. They are linked to different parts of the body.

4.What do we know about acupuncture from Paragraph 5?

A. It can cure all kinds of diseases.
B. It can cure tobacco addiction.
C. It is often abused in a variety of ways.
D. It is effective only for physical problems.

5.What can we infer from this text?

A. Everyone doesn't believe in acupuncture.
B. No theory supports acupuncture.
C. Acupuncture will be replaced later.
D. Acupuncture is only popular in China.

Ⅲ.课文语法填空

One of the most famous Chinese medical treatments is Chinese acupuncture, 1. was developed long ago, perhaps as early as 2000 BCE. In the Stone Age, stone tools were used to press areas of the body, 2. (replace）by needles later.

During a visit to the acupuncture clinic, the acupuncturist first examines the patient, then followed by 3. （ask） some questions about the patient's condition and feeling his or her pulse. By checking the pulse, the acupuncturist finds out which energy channel does not have enough energy. All checkups are made 4. (select）certain points on the body called acupuncture points. Needles are put into the skin at these points so that a health problem can be treated. Over the years, acupuncture has been used to treat 5. wide variety of health problems, more than just physical problems—acupuncturists have discovered that the treatment helps withmental problems like depression and 6. （anxious ）too. Acupuncture has also been applied to treat people who abuse alcohol, 7. (drug） or tobacco.

How acupuncture 8. (actual） works is not clearly understood. Today，acupuncture iS recognized 9. a symbol of traditional Chineseculture and 10. （come）into widespread use around the world already.

教材助读·开放课堂

[词汇积累]

[教材原文]

[课文译文]

Acupuncture: magic needles

针灸：神奇的针

在最负盛名的中国医术中，有一种“神针”之术，即针灸。这种医术历史悠久，最早或起源于公元前2000年。有证据显示，针灸始于石器时代，当时一种名为“砭”的石器被用来按压身体部位。

One of the mostfamous Chinese medical treatments is the art of “magic needles?", or Chinese acupuncture?. It was developed long ago, perhaps as early as 2000 BCE. There is evidence? that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of thebody.【1】

① needle/'ni:dl/n.针; 注射针;指针
⊚ acupuncture /'ekjupankt/a(r) / n.针刺疗法
※acupuncture points 针灸穴位
③ evidence/'evidans/n. 证据,证明；物证，人 证vt.证明,表明
\ensuremath{Q}) date back to 追溯到， 始于，自…··至今
\circled{5} take the place of 取代,替代
\circled{6} solid/'solid/adj. 实心的；固体的；结 实的;纯色的
⑦ switch/switf/vi.& vut.转变；交换；调班 n.开关，闸；转变， 改变
⑧ stainless/'steinlas/ adj.不生锈的
⊚ steel/sti:l/n.钢；钢 铁工业

【1】本句是主从复合句。There is evidence that... “有证据表明…..”，其中that引导同位语从句， 解释说明evidence的内容。该同位语从句中的 when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of thebody是when引导的非限制性定语 从句，对theStoneAge加以修饰和说明，且 when在从句中作时间状语；该从句中called bian 为过去分词短语作 stone tools的后置定语。

随着针灸的发展，简单的砭被石针替代。最终金属针开始出现并取代了石针。这些实心的针由不同的金属制成，例如金和银。如今一些针灸师仍在使用金针或银针，但多数医师已经改用不锈钢针了。除了材质变化，针的形状也在逐渐改变。起初有九种不同类型的针，形状各不相同。现在针灸中仍在使用的是又尖又细、长度一般在15至75毫米之间的针，而大部分其他类型的针都被更复杂的医疗器械取代了。

As acupuncture developed, the simple bian stones were replaced by stone needles. Eventually, metal needles began to appear and took the place of stone needles. These solid needles are made of different metals, such as gold and silver. Some acupuncturists today still use gold and silver needles, but the majority have now switched? to stainless steel ones. In addition to the changes in material, the shapes of the needles have also changed over time. Originally, there were nine different kinds of needles, with variations in shape@. Nowadays, the fine sharp needles that measure usually between 15 and 75 millimetres in length are still used, while most of the others have been replaced by more complex medical instruments.【2】 【2本句是由while连接的并列复合句，并列连词 while连接前后两个并列分句，表对比。第一个分句 为主从复合句,that measure usually between 15 and 75millimetresinlength是that引导的定语从句，修 饰先行词 the fine sharp needles,且 that 在从句中作 主语，不可省略；第二个分句为简单句，使用了现在 完成时的被动语态（havebeenreplaced...）。

那么，去针灸诊所诊疗时会发生什么呢？首先，针灸师会对患者作一番检查，看一下患者的皮肤和舌头，听听讲话和呼吸的声音，再闻一下患者呼出的气息。接着，针灸师会就患者的身体状况问一些问题，然后搭脉。根据针灸背后的能量理论，搭脉这项步骤是尤为重要的。针灸师能够在每个手腕的三个部位检查脉象，每一处都对应身体的一个主要器官。检查过所有的部位后，针灸师便能知道哪条经络的能量比较弱。

{10} over time 渐渐地
{11} with variations in shape 形状各异
{12} millimetre /'milimita(r) / (AmE millimeter) n.毫米
{13} in length 在长度上
{14} medical instruments 医疗器械
{15} clinic/'klnik/n. 私人诊所；门诊部； 门诊时间
{16} examine/1g'zaemin/ ut.检查,检验;审查， 调查;考,测试;审问
{17} tongue/tan/n.舌头； 语言
{18} pulse/pals/n.脉搏 vi.搏动,跳动;洋 溢着
※feel one's pulse 搭脉,把脉,切脉
{19} according to 根据
{20} wrist/rist/n.手腕, 腕关节
@organ/'ogon/n. 器官；风琴；机构; 机关
※majorbodyorgans 主要身体器官
{22} find out 查明，弄 清楚
{23} energy channel经络
O push...into the skin 把…·扎人皮肤
{25} up to now迄今为止

So what happens during a visit to the acupuncture clinic? First, the acupuncturist examines the patient, looking at the patient's skin and tongue，listening to the sound of his or her voice and breathing, and smelling his or her breath. Then the acupuncturist asks some questions about the patient's condition and feels his or her pulse. This is a particularly important step according to@ the energy theory behind acupuncture. The acupuncturist can check the pulse in three positions on each wrist , and every one of them is connected with a major body organ@. By checking all the positions, the acupuncturist can find out? which energy channel? does not have enough energy.

根据诊断结果，针灸师随后会在患者身上选定一些针灸的点，这些点称作穴位。针从穴位推入皮肤，从而治疗一项疾病。目前为止已有360多个穴位被确认，每个穴位对应着身体的不同部位。下针的穴位有时在患病部位附近,有时又并不靠近。

多年来，针灸被用来治疗各种各样的健康问题，包括剧烈疼痛、血压问题、肠胃不适、运动损伤和体重问题等。而且它不仅适用于治疗身体疾患—针灸师们发现这种疗法对抑郁、焦虑等心理问题也有效果。此外，针灸也用来治疗嗜酒、嗜烟、嗜毒人群。

According to the results of the check-up, the acupuncturist then selects certain points on the body called acupuncture points. Needles are pushed into the {skin}^{registered} at these points so that a health problem can be treated. Up. to now, morethan360 acupuncture points have been identified,eachlinked to a different part of the body.【3】 Sometimes the needles are pushed into points near the body part affected by a disease, and sometimes into points that are not so close to it.【4】

{26} severe/s1'via(r)/adj.十分严重的,极为恶劣的；严厉的；艰难的
{27} mental problems心理问题
{28} anxiety/n'zaiati/n.焦虑;担心;渴望
{29} be applied to treat...被用于治疗.
{30} abuse/a'bju:z/ut.滥用;虐待;辱骂/a'bju:s/n.滥用；虐待;辱骂
{31} alcohol/'elkahol/n.酒精,酒
{32} tobacco/ta'baekau/n.烟草
{33} drug/drag/n.毒品;药物
@phenomenon/fa'npminan/n. (pl. phenomena/fa'nomma/)现象
{35} substance/'sabstans/n.物质;要点
{36} traditional Chinesemedicine 传统中医
{37} be introduced to传人
{38} symbol/smbl/ n.象征；符号,代号
{39} traditional Chineseculture 中国传统文化
{40} widespreadI'waidspred/adj.分布广的,普遍的，广泛的
※ come into widespreaduse 广泛使用

【3】句中eachlinkedto...是独立主格结构，linkedto...是过去分词短语，其逻辑主语each指代eachacupuncturepoint。

【4】本句中第二个sometimes后省略了theneedles are pushed;that are not so close to it 是 that 引导的定语 从句，修饰先行词points，且that在定语从句中作主语， 不可省略。affected by a disease 是过去分词短语作 the bodypart的后置定语。

针灸究竞是怎样产生疗效的，这个问题尚不清楚。例如，有几种不同的理论试图解释针灸如何缓解疼痛，但至今仍然莫衷一是。一种理论认为这种现象源于针灸阻断了痛感信号向大脑的传导。另一种理论认为针灸促使身体产生了某种有镇痛作用的物质。

Over the years，acupuncture has been used to treat a wide variety of health problems, including severe pains, blood pressure issues, stomach discomfort, sports injuries and weight problems. And it has been used to treat more than just physical problems—acupuncturists have discovered that the treatment helps with mental problems? like depression and anxiety too. Acupuncture has also been applied to treat people who abuse alcohol， tobacco or drugs

How acupuncture actually works is not clearly understood. For example，there are different theories trying to explain how it eases pain,but no agreement has been reached.One theory explaining this phenomenon suggests that acupuncture blocks pain signals from reaching the brain.Another theory relates acupuncture to the production of a substance in the body which can reduce pain.

尽管其医学基础尚不明确，针灸已然成为一种广受欢迎的疗法。作为传统中医的一项独特贡献，针灸传播到了亚洲的许多其他国家，最早在公元6世纪便已传入日本。公元16世纪左右，针灸又传到了西方。2010年,针灸被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。如今，针灸成了中国传统文化的一个符号，并且在世界各地得到广泛应用。世界卫生组织将针灸推荐为百余种健康问题的良好疗法。关于其安全性的种种疑虑逐渐消失了，人们对它的兴趣正与日俱增。

Despite the uncertainty about its medical basis, acupuncture has become a popular form of treatment. As a unique contribution of traditional Chinese medicine , acupuncture spread to many other Asian countries,such as Japan,as early as the 6th century. It was introduced to? the West around the 16th century. In 2010，acupuncture was included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List. Today, acupuncture is recognized as a symbol of traditional Chinese culture and has come into widespread use around the world. The World Health Organization recommends acupuncture as a good treatment for over 1oomedical problems. While doubts about its safety have gradually disappeared, interest continues to grow.

核心突破·互动探究

·第一版块|重点词汇诠释

evidencen.证据，证明；物证，人证vt.证明，表明

(1)evidence of/for sth. 的证据 give/show evidence of 有.….·.的痕迹 there is evidence to do.. 有证据做..…. There is evidence that... 有....的迹象/证据(that引 导同位语从句)
(2)evident adj. 明显的；明白的 It is evident that 很明显，显而易见的是
(3)evidentlyadu. 显然,明显地;清楚地 ①At present, we have no evidence of/for life on other planets.
目前我们没有证据证明其他行星上有生命。 ②There is no evidence to make sure that he was wrong.
没有证据确定他是错的。 ③Thereis strong evidence that theriseintemperaturehasled toan increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide. 有强有力的证据表明，气温上升导致了全球极端天气和自然灾害的 增加。
4It is evident that there existed many traditional Chinese cultures, but few of them have survived into the present.
很明显，中国有很多传统文化，但是很少有能流传到现在的。

datebackto追溯到，始于，自......至今

(1)datebackto = datefrom ^+ 表示具体时间的名词“追溯到，始于（2)dateback十表示一段时间的名词“追溯到.....前”

①Jane likes collecting stamps very much. In fact,her interest in it datesbackto = dates from)her schooldays.

简非常喜欢集邮。事实上，她的这个兴趣可以追溯到她的学生时代。

QThe old professor has a large collection of ancient vases dating backtotheMingDynasty.这位老教授收藏了很多可以追溯到明朝 的古老花瓶。

③The skills of cooking in China can date back thousands of years.
中国的烹饪技艺可以追溯到几千年前。

特别提示

dateback(to)/datefrom在句中充当谓语时，句子常用一般现在时。该短语一般不能用于进行时，也没有被动形式。常用其.-ing形式作定语。

This city dating back to Roman times attracted many visitors.
这座追溯到罗马时期的城市吸引了很多游客。

特别提示

evidence 是不可数名词，α piece ofevidence 一项证据

语境助记

She was evidently extremely shocked at the news.

她听到这消息时显然非常震惊。

■即学即练单句语法填空

① The discovery of new (evident) led to the thief's being caught. ⊚ From the look on Mary's face, it was evident they've found no evidence so far who had stolen the computers in the office. ③ Wefoundfurther scientific evidence this theory. ④We haveno firm evidence (support) the case.

>即学即练单句语法填空/用date的相关短语完成句子

①Mo Li Hua is a popular Chinese song which dates back
the 18th century.
⊚ The Silk Road,
(date） back to the Han Dynasty, was the most famous trade route connecting China and the Western world.
③ The art of paper-cutting in China may (追溯到) the second century.
④The lake, which
（追溯到）about 3.4billion years, covers as much as 80 square miles and is up to 1,500 feet deep.

switchvi.&vt.转换；交换；调班n.开关，闸；转变，改变

(1)switch(from A）to B （由A)转变成B switch off/on 关/开(电灯、机器等) switch off 不再注意，失去兴趣 switch over(to) 转换(频道);转变(方法)
(2)a light switch 电灯开关 a policy switch 政策的转变

①She worked as a librarian before switching to journalism 她在转行从事新闻工作前是图书管理员。

±b{\mathscr{o}} Please make sure all mobile phones are switched off during the performance.请确保演出时关上所有手机。
③If he gets bored, he just switches off and looks out the window.
他觉得无聊时，就心不在焉地朝窗外看。
±b{\mathbb{o}} Thereisalight switchon thewall.墙上有一个电灯开头。
We have to make a switch in our plan.
我们不得不改变我们的计划。

语境助记

Lucy got home from work early. After changing clothes, she switched off the light and came to the living room.Then sheswitched on theTVand switched over the Channel 10.露西早早下班回到家。换完衣服后，她关灯 来到客厅。 然后她打开电视，转到第10频道。

anxiety ±b{n} ，焦虑；担心;渴望

±b{\Sigma} There is growing public anxiety over levels of air pollution in cities.公众越来越担心城市中的空气污染程度。

②The old woman was waiting for the return of her relatives with anxiety.那位老妇人焦虑地等待亲人归来。

±b{\otimes} If you're worried about your health,share your anxieties withyour doctor.你要是担心自己的健康，就把你的忧虑告诉医生吧。

4 His anxiety for knowledge is to be praised.
他对知识的渴望应该受到称赞。

±b{\Theta} Parents were anxious about the children when they didn't get homefrom schoolon time.孩子们放学后没有按时到家，父母非常担心。 Losing her job last month, Mary is anxious to get a new job now. 因为上个月失业了，玛丽现在渴望得到一份新工作。

>即学即练单句语法填空/单句 写作

① After dinner, we often switch the TV to watch the news，then switch
football games. At 10 o'clock we switch the TV and go to bed.

②Not onlyiscycling good exercise, but switching a car to a bike also reduces the amount of pollution in the air.

③ 我妈妈让我在离开房间前记得关灯。

即学即练单句语法填空

① According to Life in Likes，as children grew, they became more anxious （get）more public approval.
② （anxious）I went to bed dreaming about what I would findatthetopofthismagical mountain.
③ There's tension and
（anxious） from the beginning as NickandAmybattleforyour trust.
\circled{4} Instead of blaming me, he asked me anxietywhat was going on.
\circled{5} I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and \Gamma\mathbf{m} anxious (get）help from you.

abusevt.&n.滥用；虐待；辱骂

(1)abuse alcohol/one's power 酗酒/滥用权力 abuse one's position as十职位/身份滥用某人的职权/身份
(2)alcohol/drug/power abuse 酗酒；嗜毒；滥用权力 abuse of... 滥用....

±b{\Sigma} The new drug has been applied to treat people who abuse alcohol.这种新药已被用于治疗酗酒者。

②It's improper to abuse your position as manager to deal with the matter.滥用你经理的身份处理此问题是不恰当的。

\mathbf{\bullet} Janet had been abused by her father since she was eleven.
珍妮特自从11岁起就被她的父亲虐待。
4 The government is taking action to fight against drug abuse.
政府正在采取措施，打击滥用毒品。
He has already been sentenced to six years in jail for abuse of power.他已经因滥用职权而被判6年监禁。

短语拓展

drugabuse药物滥用；毒品滥用
childabuse虐待儿童，摧残儿童
substanceabuse物质滥用；滥用药物
abuseofpower滥用权力
alcoholabuse酒精滥用，酗酒
physicalabuse躯体虐待；身体伤害；外观损坏

≥即学即练单句语法填空/完成 句子

①Alcohol ranks as one of the most widely (abuse) drugs. ②The actress (abuse) the policeman who gave her a parking ticket.
③ Throughout the book Liu speaks of the abuse Party power.
\circled{4} 她遭受了多年的肉体摧残。
She suffered years of
⑤ 政府正在采取措施，打击毒品 滥用。
The government is taking action to fight

symboln.象征；符号，代号

(1)a/the symbol of... 的象征 a/the symbol for... …的符号/代号
(2)symbolic adj. 象征性的 symbolize vt. 象征；代表；用符号表示 ①White has always been a symbol of purity in Western culture.
在西方文化中，白色一向象征纯洁。

2What is the chemical symbol for copper?铜的化学符号是什么？

③The use of light and dark symbolizes good and evil.
用光明和黑暗来象征善与恶。

词语辨析symbol/sign/mark/signal

symbol指作为象征或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物。
sign指代表某种固定意义的符号或标志，也可指某种情况的迹象或征兆。
mark指在其他事物上留下的印痕或先天固有的标记。
signal指用于传送某些信息的约定俗成的信号。

语境助记

People threw flowers into the river between thetwo countries asa symbolic act of brotherhood. 人们把花扔进两国之间的河里，以 此作为兄弟情谊的象征性的行为。

「即学即练单句语法填空

① Fe is the chemical symbol
iron.
⊚ In Chinese tradition, red is a common symbol good fortune because it
(symbol) energy and happiness.

■第二版块|重点句型解构

(教材原句） Up to now, more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified, each linked to a differentpart of the body.到目前为止,已有 360 多个针刺穴位被确认,每一个穴位都与身体的不同部位相连。

[句式分析］独立主格结构

(1)独立主格结构的定义

独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。独立主格结构由两部分组成，前一部分是名词或代词，后一部分是非谓语动词（不定式、动名词或分词)、形容词、副词或介词短语等，前后两部分之间具有一定的逻辑关系。

(2)独立主格结构的形式

① 名词/主格代词 ^+ 现在分词(名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是逻辑上的主动关系)

①The girl staring at \mathbf{him}(=As the girl stared at him)，he didn'tknowwhat to say.那个姑娘盯着他，他不知道说什么好。② 名词/主格代词 ^+ 过去分词（名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是逻辑上的被动关系）

±b{\wp} Theproblemssolved (\Delta=\As the problems were solved)，thequalityhasbeenimproved.随着问题的解决，质量已经有所提高。③ 名词/主格代词 ^+ 不定式（名词/主格代词与不定式之间是逻辑上的主动关系，且强调的是一次性的、具体要去做的动作)

③He is going to make a model plane,some old parts to help.
借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。

±b{\mathbb{o}} They said goodbye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to thebookstore.他们互相道别，一个要回家，另一个要去书店。

\circled{4} 名词/主格代词 ^+ 形容词/副词/介词短语

An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive.
那架飞机遭遇了空难，无人生还。
He put on his sweater,wrong side out.他把毛衣穿反了。
±b{\oslash} The boy went into the classroom,book in hand.
那个男孩手里拿着书走进了教室。

名师点津

独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。

The work done(After the work had been done)， we went home.
工作完成后，我们就回家了。

⊚ 用作条件状语

Weather permitting {\boldsymbol{\left(\ }=1{f}\right.} weather permits)，they will go on an outing to thebeach tomorrow.

如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。

③ 用作原因状语

An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As animportant lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.

因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。

即学即练单句语法填空

① The largest collection ever found in England was one of about two million silver pennies, all of
over 600 years old.
⊚ The manager (be) ill, we had to put the meeting off. ③ They （arrive） there, the English speech contest had been on for half an hour.
④All things (consider), her proposal is of greater value than yours.
He wrote a lot of novels, many of translated into foreign languages.
\circled{6} He wrote a lot of novels, many of were translated into foreign languages.
⑦ He wrote a lot of novels, and manyof were translated into foreign languages. \circled{8} ThereImet severalpeople,two of being foreigners. ⊚ There I met several people, two of were foreigners.
ThereI met several people,and two of were foreigners.

\circledast 用作伴随状语

He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head( = and his hands were crossed under his head).

他躺在草地上，将两手交叉枕在脑后。

(教材原句） While doubts about its safety have gradually disappeared, interest continues to grow.
人们对针灸安全性的怀疑逐渐减少，而对它的兴趣不断增加。

[句式分析］while的用法归纳

（1)while可作并列连词，意为“而；然而”，表对比。
①The south of the country grows richer,while the north growspoorer.该国南方越来越富，而北方却越来越穷。
（2)while还可以引导时间状语从句，意为“当.….…时候”，一般与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生。
±b{\mathscr{o}} The computer system broke down suddenly while he wassearching for some important international news.
当他正在搜索一些重要的国际新闻时，电脑系统突然出故障了。(3)while可以引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，一般放在句首，相当于 although/though。
③While my mother loves me very much,she is very strict withme.尽管我的妈妈很爱我，但是她对我非常严厉。
（4)while也可作名词，常与a连用，意为“一段时间；一会儿”。常用搭配：onceinawhile（偶尔；间或）；forawhile（暂时；一会儿）。④ Would you like to come in and rest for a while?
你要不要进来休息一会儿？
The file may take a short while to download.
下载这个文件可能需要点儿时间。

>即学即练翻译句子，体会while的含义/在空白处填人1个适当的单词

① While he is in poor health,he works hard.

⊚ While I was watching TV，the doorbell rang.

③ He went out for a walk,while I stayed at home.
\circledast Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for
while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.

课时达标·随堂自测

I.单词拼写

1. The surgeon used a (针)to sew up the wound for him.
2. The witness gave （证据）of the traffic accident last night.
3. This bronze weapon back(追溯到) more than 5,000 years.
4. The boiler uses （固体的)fuel，so it's very convenient.
5. The computer system will be off(关 闭)if the virus attacks.
6. The sports equipment is made of （钢） and rubber.
7. This bath is very thin, only three （毫 米)thick.
8. There are a lot of flu patients in the (诊所).
9. The doctor (检查）his waist carefully and then prescribed some pills for him.
10. The child was choking with pain because of a broken (手腕).
11. Wrist is a tough and fragile (器官)in the human body.
12. The patient broke things in the clinic with a （极为恶劣的）attitude.
13. Some cancer patients experience high levels of (焦虑).
14. Much of the crime in this area is related to drug (滥用).
15. The government forbids young people to abuse (酒精).

Ⅱ.短语填空

date back to; switch to; take the place of; over
time; in addition to; be connected with; up to
now; be close to; be applied to; come into use
1. The secretary the chairman of the conference to give a speech on environmental protection.
2. ，the company has fulfilled its commitment to its employees.
3. Which year can the marathon
4. That famous brand has gradually
5. The results demonstrate that the means can noise reduction in an extraordinary way.
6. According to a ballpark estimate, the lifespan of this product its storage temperature.
7. tobacco, alcohol is also prohibited from being sold to teenagers, according to the constitution.
8.Milk rounds are threatened as customers purchasing diverse things from supermarkets.
9. It was very exciting for him to scholarship and he was walking on air.
10. ，more and more witnesses come forward to accuse the fellow of his crime.

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1.There is a lot of evidence his criminal and it is (evidence) that he is guilty.
2. On closer (examine） these goods are of low quality.
3.The lecture will last one hour from 2:00 to 3:00 p.m. Please switch your mobile and take your notebook with you.
4. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons （finish） for the day.
5. Nowadays, with the rapid development of our society,the environment welive in is (severe) damaged.
6. All the people present at the meeting were waiting for the decision (anxious).
7. The old building （date）back to the 5th century is going to be rebuilt.
8. The Great Wall （symbol） the hard work and efforts of ancient Chinese people.
9. The risk of （infect） will ascend, if a person doesn't get enough exercise.

Ⅲ.完成句子

1.有更多的证据表明,对心脏有益的东西对大脑也有益。what's good for your heart isgood for your brain as well. (evidence)
2.如果天气允许，明天我们就进行比赛。，we shall play the matchtomorrow.（独立主格结构）
3.中国有许多文化遗迹，很多可追溯到数千年前。There are many cultural relics in China, many.(date)
4.经由医生检查，露娜发现她身体无恙。,Luna found nothing wrongwith her body.(exam)
5.她的眼晴睛像她妈妈的一样漂亮。（as...as...）Her eyes are
6.他给自已定规矩参加体力劳动。（it作形式宾语）He physical labour.
7.没有你的帮助，我不可能完成我的任务。(虚拟语气)Without your help, Imy task.
8.他对目前的日程安排一点儿也不满意，要求我们务必完成任务。(倒装)By no means andhe asked us to finish the task by all means.

Section V Writing- 健康生活

1.写作任务

假定你是校学生会主席李华，如今，熬夜成为很多人的常态。你们学校计划下周一为大家进行“早睡早起身体好”的讲座，请你根据以下内容写一封信，邀请汤姆参加讲座。

(1)讲座的时间、地点；

(2)早睡早起的好处；

(3)你的建议。

注意：（1)词数80左右（开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数)；

Yours,

Li Hua

2.写作思路（一审、二定、三明确）

(1)一审：体裁、主题与结构
体裁：应用文—信件
主题：健康生活（导人十写作主题 ^+ 讲座的时间、地点
结构：三段√早睡早起的好处你的建议
(2)二定：时态与人称
时态：以一般现在时为主
人称：以第三人称为主
(3)三明确：写作要点
① 导人 ^+ 写作主题 ^+ 讲座的时间、地点
⊚ 早睡早起的好处
③ 你的建议

3.素材整理

(1)关键词语
① a widespreadphenomenon普遍现象 ⊚ disturb the fundamental pace of life 扰乱生活的基本节奏

③ wrestlewith努力处理，全力解决\circled{4} withoutdoubt毫无疑问，的确\circled{5} resistance todisease对疾病的抵抗力\circled{6} slowdowncellaging减缓细胞衰老\oslash extendyourlifespan延长你的寿命⑧ inaword总之⊚ go to great lengths to do sth.竭尽全力做某事，不遗余力做某事

(2)完成句子

① 如今，熬夜已经成为普遍现象，这扰乱了我们生 活的基本节奏。 Nowadays, staying up late has become

our life.

② 为全力解决这一问题，我们学校下周一将在学校大厅举办一个关于“早睡早起身体好”的讲座。this problem,our school will hold a lecture on “Early to bed andearly to rise” in the school hall next Monday.

③ 毫无疑问，早睡早起可以让身体更好地恢复和应对突如其来的事情。

，early to bed and early to rise allows the body to and things that

\circled{5} 它也能够从根本上减缓细胞衰老，延长你的寿命。

Also, it can ultimately ,which \circled{6} 总之，我们应该竭尽全力早睡早起。 ，we should go to bed early and get up early.

4.满分作文（注：黑体部分为本单元的重点词汇）

Dear Tom,

Nowadays, staying up late has become a widespread phenomenon，which disturbs the fundamental pace of our life.To wrestle with this problem,our school will hold a lecture on “Early to bed and early to rise” in the school hall next Monday. Hope you can come to the lecture.

Without doubt,early to bed and early to rise allows the body to recover and tackle things that arise unexpectedly more head-on. It can improve your resistance to disease,for example，flu and cancer.Also，it can ultimately slow down cell aging，which extends your lifespan.

In a word, we should go to great lengths to go to bed early and get up early.

Yours,

Li Hua

第一段：导人，写作主题，讲座的时间、地点句型：第一句，which disturbs thefundamentalpace ofour life是which引导的非限制性定语从句，指代前面主句的内容，导人主题。第二句，towrestlewith thisproblem是动词不定式短语作目的状语。

第二段：早睡早起的好处

句型：第一句使用了without doubt介词短语作状语；that arise unexpectedly是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词things 且that在从句中作主语；第三句中which extends your lifespan是which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面主句的内容。

第三段：你的建议(2)佳作二

假定你是李华，请向未来的人们介绍现在在中国通过扫描二维码（scan QRcodes)就可以轻松实现移动支付（mobile payment）的新发明。内容包括：

① 它在中国很流行，为人们的生活提供了便利；

⊚ 它有快捷且强大的功能，如买早餐、买机票；

③ 它改变了我们的生活；

\circledast 对未来人们的希望。

注意： ① 词数80左右（开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数)；

⊚ 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear fellows,

When you are reading this letter, perhaps it'll be in many years. Glad to tell you something about mobile payment in China in my present time.

5.佳作背诵

(1)佳作一

假定你是校学生会主席李华，你们学校正在征集“你对中医针灸的看法”的文稿，请你根据以下要点写一篇文章：

① 中医针灸是中国文化的独特象征；

⊚ 针灸可治疗严重疾病；

③ 我们应该大力发展针灸。注意： ① 词数80左右；

⊚ 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：石器时代theStoneAge；穴位acupuncturepoint

In your era, have payment methods become more advanced? That would be another scene! Yours, Li Hua

Unit 4

Living with technology

Section I Welcome to the unit & Reading

新知感知·自学导弓

I.核心词汇

1. n. 城堡
2. n. 输人的信息;投入Ut. (过去式 ，过去分词 )输人 (信息)
3. n. 领悟(或理解、办事)能力;容量,容积;职位,职责；生产量n. 网络,网状系统;关系网，人际网；(互联)网络
5. coin vt.
6. n. 重大进展，突破adj. 突破性的
7. autonomous adj.
8. adj. 家庭的，家用的;本国的，国内的
9. Ut. 造成,产生;提问,质询vi. 摆好姿势n. 姿势
10. n. 受害者,牺牲品;受骗者;祭品
11. n. 数据库
12. n. 可供选择的事物adj. 可供替代的;非传统的
13. adj. 有自动保险装置的,具有自动防止故障性能的

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

1. (AmE ）ut.分析→n.分析；分解；分析结果2. adj．巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的 \rightarrow adj．大量的；民众的 n ：大量3. n.财政，金融；资金；财力,财务管理

vt．提供资金→ adj．金融的；财政的，财务的
4. t.危及，对.….….构成威胁；威胁；恐吓 \rightarrow n.威胁
5. ut.犯(罪);承诺，保证;花(钱或时间)vi.全心全意投人，忠于 \rightarrow n .承诺，许诺；投人,奉献
6. n.罪，罪行，犯罪活动 \rightarrow adj.犯罪的;刑事的 n ．罪犯
7.murder vt. &. n. >murderer n.
8. vt.敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶,鞭策 n ，冲动，强烈的欲望 \rightarrow adj.紧急的；急迫的→ n.紧急；急迫
9. adv．显然，可见 \rightarrow adj．显而易见的；显然的
10. n.警告，先兆；警戒 \rightarrow .警告,提醒;预先通知
11. vut.需要;强烈要求 n ．要求,所需之物；需求，需要 \rightarrow adj．要求高的;需要高技能(或耐性等)的；费力的
12. adj．贪心的，贪婪的 \rightarrow n.贪婪，贪心
13. n.识别,认出；承认,认可；赞誉，赏识vt.认识；认出；辨别出
14. n.偷窃，偷窃罪 \rightarrow n.贼；小偷；窃贼

Ⅲ.重点短语

1 目的是做某事，旨在
做某事
2. 能够……..胜任
3. 习惯做某事
4. 海量
5. 略举几例
6. 转折点
7. 更接近
8. 犯罪
9. 受伤,受损,被害

IV.重点句型

1. It may seem like building castles in the air, but giventherate artificial intelligence,or AI,is being developed,in the future such dreams may actually come true. 这看上去可能像建造空中楼阁一样不切实际，但 是考虑到目前人工智能（AI)的发展速度，将来这 样的梦想很可能会实现。

2 we aregettingcloser tothe dividing line between humans and machines.

随着像阿尔法围棋这样的机器现在能够思考并从错误中学习，我们正越来越接近人和机器的分界线。

简而言之，这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。

文本研析·语篇理解

I.语篇结构

Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案

1. Why does the author begin the article with an imagination?

A. To attract readers.
B. To convey humor.
C. To stress the point.
D. To illustrate the theme.

2. What is the basic characteristic of artificial intelligence?

A. Imitating humans.
B. Learning from experience.
C. Having feelings.
D. Doing things deliberately.

3. When did AI become a reality?

A.In the 1940s. B. In the 1950s.
C. In 1997. D. In 2017.

4. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?

A.The future of AI.
B. Disadvantages of AI.
C. Applications of AI.
D. The limitation of AI.

5. Why does the author quote Stephen Hawking's words in Paragraph 5?

A. To honor Stephen Hawking.
B. To show the importance of AI.
C. To show scientists’worry about AI.
D. To emphasize people's reliance on AI.

Ⅲ.课文语法填空

With the 1. (develop）of AI, you can better enjoy your life by pressing the button. Some essential abilities 2. （learn） from experience, adjust to new inputs and perform tasks like humans are what AI is expected to gain. The term AI 3. (coin）in the mid-1950s.That Deep Blue beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997 was 4. breakthrough in AI. Nowadays AI5. （apply）in many fields，such as finance, health care and so on. In short, this technology is transforming the way we live.With machines like AlphaGo now capable 6.

thinking and learning from their mistakes, we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines. There is no doubt 7. these benefits are accompanied by concerns and fears. An increasing number of concerns about AI arise,

8. demand our attention. The key to 9. （make） full use of AI is that we should not be too 10. (greed).

教材助读·开放课堂

[词汇积累］

[教材原文]

[课文译文]

Artificial intelligence: friendly or frightening?

人工智能：是敌是友？

Imagine waking up one morning with the option of staying in bed and pressing a button to send a robot to do all the work for you. How cool that would be! It may seem like building castles in the air, but given the rate at which artificial intelligence, or AI,is being developed, in the future such dreams may actually come true@.【1】

想象一下，某天早上你醒来，可以选择继续躺在床上,按下一个按钮，就能召来一台机器人为你处理所有的工作。那该有多酷啊！这听起来可能像是在建空中楼阁，但鉴于人工智能（AI）目前的发展速度，这样的梦想在将来也许真的可以实现。

【1句中but连接两个并列句。后一个分句中， given the rate at which artificial intelligence, or AI，is being developed是介词短语作状语， given是介词，意为“考虑到”，表示原因；其中 at which artificial intelligence, or AI, is being developed是“介词十关系代词”引导的定语从 句，修饰先行词therate。

① option n.选择
※ have no option but todo sth.别无选择只好做某事
⊚ castle/ka:sl/n.城堡
③ (build)castles in the air(建)空中楼阁,幻想，空想
\circled{4} given prep.考虑到,鉴于
⑤ come true 成为现实
\circled{6} aim to do sth.旨在做某事
\oslash (be) capable of doing...能够做.…
\circled{8} adjust to适应
⊚ input/'Input/n.输人的信息;投入ut.（input,input)输入(信息）
{10} put forward提出
{11} capacity/ka'paesati/n.领悟(或理解、办事)能力;容量,容积;职位，职责;生产量
※have the capacity to dosth.有能力做某事
{12} analyse//enala1z/(AmE analyze)ut.分析
{13} massive/'masiv/adj.巨大的,大而重的；非常严重的
※massive amounts ofdata 海量数据
{14} network/'netws:k/n.网络，网状系统；关系网，人际网;(互联)网络

从基础层面上讲，人工智能是计算机科学的一个分支学科，其目标是研发智能机器。AI的基本目标之一，是开发能够学习过往经验、适应新的输入内容并且能够像人类一样执行任务的计算机智能。为了实现这个目标，人们提出过许多创造真正的AI的方法，其中包括“深度学习”——这种方法可以让机器通过学习自已先前的行为结果，来提升自身性能。深度学习AI拥有从多个层次分析海量信息的能力，它模拟的是人脑的复杂网络结构。

At the basic level, artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to? create intelligent machines. One of the essential aims of AI is to develop computer intelligence capable of learning from experience，adjusting to new inputs and performing tasks like humans.【2】 To achieve this aim,many approaches to creating true AI have been put forward , including “deep learning", which enables a machine to improve its own performance by learning from the results of its previous actions. Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain.

AI的梦想已经存在了几个世纪，而20世纪40年代以来计算机的发展，终于让这个梦想成为现实。“人工智能”这个术语是在20世纪50年代中期被创造出来的，而在好几年前，这一理论就被计算机科学领域的先驱之一艾伦·图灵探【2】本句是简单句。句中 capable of learning fromexperience, adjusting to new inputs andperforming taskslikehumans是形容词短语作定语,相当于定语从句 which is capable of..．。其中 learning... , adjusting... and performing... 是三个并列的 v_{*} -ing形式作介词of的宾语。

{15} coin/koin/ut.创造（新 词语)
{16} in the field of 在…领域
{17} computer science 计算机科学
{18} breakthrough/'brek0rur/ n.重大进展,突破 adj.突破性的
{\scriptsize{19}} finance/'fainaens;fal'naens/ n.财政,金融;资金;财 力,财务管理vt.提供 资金
{20} to name but a few 略举 几例
{21} autonomous/or'tonames/ adj.自主的,有自主权 的;自治的
{22} domestic/da'mestik/ adj.家庭的,家用的;本 国的,国内的
※ domestic affairs/politics 国内事务/政治
{23} in short 简言之
{24} at a turning point 在转折点
{25} the dividing line 分界线，界限
{26} work alongside 并肩工作
{27} threaten/'Oretn/ut.危 及,对…构成威胁； 威胁,恐吓
{28} commit/ ko^{\prime}mrt/v t ．犯 (罪)；承诺,保证；花 (钱或时间)vi.全心全 意投人,忠于
{29} crime/kraim/n.罪，罪 行;犯罪活动
※commit crimes 犯罪
{30} murder/'ms:da(r)/ut. &. n_{\ast} 谋杀,凶杀 The dream of AI has been around for
centuries， and the development of computers
since the 1940s has finally made it a reality.
Years before the term“artificial intelligence” was
coined in the mid-1950s, the theory had been
explored by Alan Turing， one of the pioneers in
the field of computer science.【3】However,
for a long time, AI technology developed very
slowly.A major breakthrough in AI came in
1997, when Deep Blue, a chess-playing
computer, beat the world chess champion Garry
Kasparov. Then in 2017,a computer program
named AlphaGo defeated Ke Jie，arguably the
best human Go player, which demonstrated a
significant advance in deep-learning AI systems.
【3句中years是表示时间的名词作状语，其后的 before引导的时间状语从句对years 加以限 制，有时也用 shortly,long等副词作状语。 oneof...是同位语，进一步解释说明Alan Turing。

索过。然而在很长一段时间里，AI技术发展得相当缓慢。1997年，AI发展有了一个重大突破，当时一台名叫深蓝的国际象棋计算机打败了国际象棋世界冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫。之后在2017年，一个叫阿尔法围棋的计算机程序下赢了可谓人类最强的围棋棋手柯洁，这说明了深度学习AI系统的一大显著进展。

如今，AI已经应用于许多领域，如金融、医疗保健、机器翻译和艺术等，不一而足。从自动驾驶车辆到家用机器人，从推荐系统到撰写小说的电脑，AI有着不计其数的应用。普通人现在能够使用AI获取外语文本的即时翻译，机器也已经能够识别人们的指纹甚至面容。

Nowadays, AI is already being applied in many fields: finance，health care， machine translation and art, to name but a few?. From autonomous? vehicles to domestic robots, from recommendation systems to computers writing novels, AI has an unlimited number of applications. Ordinary people are now using AI to get instant translations of text in foreign languages, and machines can recognize fingerprints and even faces.

In short, this technology is transforming the way we live. It is clear that we are at a turning point in history. With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking and learning from their mistakes, we are getting closer to the dividingline between humans and machines.【4】 The question is, where will all this lead? While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligentrobotswillbeworkingtoouradvantage, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears.【5】 Could machines really develop humanlike intelligence? And what would happen if they did? Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten? the existence of humans?

简而言之，这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。显然，我们正处于历史的转折点。有了阿尔法围棋这种能够思考并从自身错误中学习的机器，我们正在向人类与机器的界限越靠越近。问题在于，这一切将会导致什么？AI的热烈支持者向我们承诺未来会是美好的，到那时智能机器人将为人类谋利；但这些毋庸置疑的好处也带来了忧虑和恐惧。机器真的能够发展出像人类一样的智能吗？

How would they be punished if they committed crimes or even murdered humans? As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging? us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in A1. Stephen Hawking,for example,warned,“ The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race."

如果真的可以，又会发生什么？能够思考的机器是会与人类并肩工作，还是会威胁人类的生存？如果它们犯了罪甚至谋杀了人类，又该如何惩罚？随着我们对电脑的依赖越来越深，一些科学家正敦促我们思考AI的进步所带来的危险。例如，斯蒂芬·霍金就曾警告说：“完全人工智能的发展可能意味着人类的终结。”

【4】句中 With machines like AlphaGo now capable ofthinking and learning from their mistakes 是 with复合结构，即“with ^+ 宾语(machines...） ^+ 宾补(capableof...）”结构，在句中作状语。

{31} urge/3:d3/ut.敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策 _n .冲动，强烈的欲望
※urge sb. to do sth.敦促/催促某人做某事
{32} pose/pauz/ut.造成，产生;提问,质询vi.摆好姿势 _n .姿势
{33} apparently/'parantli/adv.显然，可见
\circledast warning/'wo:nin/n.警告，先兆；警戒
{35} demand/di'ma:nd/vt.需要；强烈要求n .要求，所需之物；需求，需要
{36} victim//viktim/n.受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品
{37} greedy/'gri:di/adj．贪心的，贪婪的
※be greedy贪心，贪婪

【5】while引导让步状语从句；where引导定语从句,修饰 a bright future。

显然（Apparently），这样的警告需要得到我们的重视。我们需要确保自己不会沦为AI的受害者。我们可能还是会认为，可以整天放松，让自动化机器为我们完成所有工作，这样的生活很美妙——但也许我们不该太过贪婪，而应对我们的期待保持谨慎！

Apparently, such warnings demand our attention.We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to A1. We may still think it would be fantastic to relax all day and allow autonomous machines to do all the work for us—but perhaps we should not be too greedy and rather be careful what we wish for!

核心突破·互动探究

·第一版块|重点词汇诠释

givenprep.鉴于，考虑到（相当于considering或inviewof）adj.指定的，所述的，特定的（作前置定语）

given十that从句鉴于/考虑到..…（常在句中作状语）

①Given their inexperience, they've done a good job.
考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们已经做得不错了。
②Usually, I am sensible with money, given that something unexpected might happen.
我花钱通常是很明智的，考虑到可能会发生一些意外。
③Given that my friends are almost all girls, I feel lost.
由于我的朋友几乎都是女孩，所以我感到很失落。
4 The rules are to be followed in any given situation.
这些规则在任何特定情况下都要遵守。

联想拓展

“考虑”的多样表达：
take sth. into consideration
take sth. into account considering that... 即学即练结合given的用法完成句子
① 鉴于他们装备了最先进的设备这一事实，赢
得游戏对他们来说是小菜一碟。 they are equipped with the
most advanced devices, winning the game is a
piece of cake for them.
② 我们可以查明在任何特定时间内花在食物上
的钱有多少。
We can find out how much money is spent on
food
③ 根据这数据，人类活动和全球气温上升之间
的联系似乎不仅仅是一个巧合。 ,it seems that the link
between human activities and the increase in
global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.

massiveadj.巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的

①Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake, the city took on a newlook.在经历了一场大地震后不久,这座城市焕然一新。

②If the drought continues, deaths will occur on a massive scale.
如果旱情持续，将有大批人死亡。

③I've a mass of work to do.我有许多工作要做。

4Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers，patterns and masses of color.一些人或许认为一座花园不 过是各种各样五颜六色的植物和鲜花而已。

Themassofworkersdonotwantthisstrike.
大多数工人不愿举行这次罢工。
If we are to succeed, we must rely on the masses.
如果我们想要成功，就必须依靠群众。
①Their latest product is aimed at the mass market.
他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。

语境助记

① It's not easy to carry around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull.它不容易随身携带，尤其是 当它被放在一个巨大的头骨里。 ②The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. 北极熊生活在北极圈和南至纽芬 兰的一些广阔陆地上。

>即学即练单句语法填空/翻译 句子
① Club members can get a
(mass）discount of f50.
②When the president's flight landed, mass of people seemed to appear out of thin air. ③I wonder if they are truly concerned about the interests of the masses.
\circled{4} The mass of young people are fond of pop music.

capacity n．领悟(或理解、办事)能力;容量,容积;职位,职责;生产量capable adj.有能力的,有才能的

have a great capacity to do sth. 具有很强的做某事的能力 with a capacity of at full capacity 以全(部)力(量),满负载 be capable of doing sth. 有能力做某事

①He actually has the remarkable capacity to learn new languages quickly.他确实有快速学习新语言的非凡能力。

±b{\wp} The car has a maximum capacity of six people.
这辆小汽车的最大容量是六个人。

±b{\otimes} The company is expanding its production capacity to meet increasing demand.

公司正在扩大生产能力以满足不断增长的需求。

即学即练单句语法填空

① Areservoir a capacity of over 30,000 cubic metres is being built now in the east of the town.

⊚ In order to achieve their goals, they are working full capacity, which is really admirable.

③ Every moving object has the capacity (do）work.

\circledast There is a story telling of a religious master who is said to be capable moving mountains.

threatenvt.危及，对.....构成威胁；威胁，恐吓

(1)threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事 threaten sb. with sth. 用某事/物威胁某人 threaten (that)... 威胁.…….
(2)threatening adj. 恐吓的，威胁的 threatened adj. 受到威胁的 threat n. [C,U]威胁

①Pollutionisthreateningmarinelife.污染正危及海洋生物。

±b{\mathscr{o}} Traffic issues not only affect our everyday life, but may also threaten people's lives.

交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且可能危及到人们的生命。
±b{\otimes} The incident threatens to ruin his chances in the election.
这件事威胁到他当选的机会。

4Hethreatenedto takethemtocourt.他扬言要把他们告上法庭。 Hewas threatenedwithdismissal if he continued to turn uplate forwork.他受到警告，如果继续上班迟到，就会被解雇。

±b{\mathfrak{o}} The manbecame angry and threatened that he would goto the police.那个男人生气了，威胁说要去报警。

归纳拓展

commitmurder/acrime/amistake杀人/犯罪/犯错 commit（sb./oneself）to（doing）sth.承诺（某人）（做）某事 commitsth.to（doing）sth.将.....用于......中

即学即练单句语法填空

① The old house seemed more (threaten） in the cold light of the night.
⊚ The biggest problem for most plants, which can't just get up and run away when
(threaten)，is that animals like to eat them.
③ David threatened
(report） his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.
\circled{4} It's reported that many species in the world are threatened
extinction,so it is urgent to raise people's awareness of protection.

commitvt.犯（罪）；承诺，保证；花（钱或时间）vi.全心全意投入，忠于

(1)committed adj. 尽心尽力的，坚定的 be committed to (doing） sth. 致力于（做）·… (2)commitmentn. 承诺，保证；投入，奉献

①Smoking is committing suicide slowly.

吸烟等于慢性自杀。

±b{\mathscr{o}} The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund.
世界各国已承诺设立气候应对基金。

③One of the strengths of church wedding is that it commits two whole families to the support of the marriage.

在教堂举行婚礼的一个好处，就是使得双方全体家人都支持这门亲事。

4 The company must commit its entire resources to the project.
该公司必须将全部资金投人到这个项目中去。

语境助记

He loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practising it. 他喜欢演奏这种乐器并坚持练习。

即学即练单句语法填空

① We committed years and resources this cause. ⊚ A thinking person must commit himself to （work）for peace.
③My friend is committed to
(improve) his oral English.
\circled{4} She has made a
(commit） to going bottle free.

urgevt.敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策n.[C]冲动，强烈的欲望

urgency n. [U,sing.]紧急，迫切 urgent adj. 紧急的；急切的 be in urgent need of... 急需..….

±b{\Sigma} Though having been urged to go to bed many times, the little boy kept on reading his book.

尽管已经多次被催促上床睡觉了，那个小男孩还在继续看丰

2The report urged that all children (should) be taught to swim.
这份报告呼吁教所有的儿童游泳。 ±b{\otimes} The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.
假期快到了，我很想去旅游。 4I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before.
以前，我从没感觉到有学习任何手势语的强烈愿望。 The children in that area are in urgent need of books.
那个地区的孩子急需图书。 It was urgent that he (should） talk it over with them.
他急需和他们谈那件事。

归纳拓展

urge sb.todosth.力劝某人做某事
urgethat...极力主张…….（从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should
^+ 动词原形”，should可省略）
have/feelanurgetodosth.有做某事的欲望/冲动

warningn.警告，先兆；警戒

warn vi. & ut. 警告；告诫；使警惕
warn sb. of/about sth. 提醒注意(可能发生的事);警告某人某事
warn sb. to do sth. 提醒/告诫某人去做某事
warn sb. not to do sth.( \v{r}= warn sb. against doing sth.）警告/告诫某人不要做某事
warn sb.that. 提醒某人….·…；告诫某人…··①The bridge collapsed without (any) warning.
那座桥在没有任何先兆的情况下坍塌了。

±b{\wp} The Surrey team were given a warning last year for repeated offences.这支萨里的球队去年因多次犯规受到一次警告。

\mathbf{\^{g}}\mathbf{1} tried to warn him, but he wouldn't listen.
我设法提醒过他，可他就是不听。

4 Travellers to Africa are being warned about the danger of the Ebolavirus.去非洲旅行的人被警告要注意埃博拉病毒的危险。

I warned you not to walk home alone.
我告诫过你不要一个人走路回家。

语境助记

He urged us to collect money for those who were in urgent need of food and clothes.他催促我们为那些急需食 物和衣服的人募捐。

① Considering the great (urge), this project is supposed to be completed as soon as possible. ⊚ Every month a certain amount of money should be saved so that we can depend on it in case of something (urge）. ③ The WHO urged that all the countries (take）measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. \circledast Parents should actively urge their children （seize）the opportunity to join sports teams. \circled{5} In this box are some stem cells that are (urgent） needed for a patient.

语境助记

The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.
通往道森的路上覆盖着30英尺厚 的湿雪，雪可能会在有任何先 兆的情况下塌。

■即学即练单句语法填空

① The police warned the drivers the danger of drinkdriving.
⊚ The World Health Organization gave the public a
(warn） that a new kind of flu virus hit many parts of the world.
③I did warn him not
(skate) on such thin ice.
\circledast Norton Sound was covered with ice，which could sometimes break up without (warn).

demandn.要求；所需之物；需求，需要vt.需要；强烈要求

(1)a/the demand for.. . 对··的需求/要求 in demand 需求大，受欢迎的 meet/satisfy one's demands (for...) 满足某人(对.…·….)的需求/要求 demand+ that... …的要求(从句用虚拟语气)
(2)demanding adj. 高要求的；要求严格的 ①This sport demands both speed and strength.
这项运动既需要速度也需要体力。

②They demand a reasonable explanation of us for the mistake他们要求我们对这个错误作出合理的解释。

③She demanded tosee theheadmaster.
她要求见校长。

±b{\mathbb{o}} The company he applied to demands that all its employees (should) speak at least two foreign languages. 他申请的那家公司要求所有的员工讲至少两门外语。

He made the demand that she (should) leave the place immediately.
他要求她立刻离开这个地方。

语境助记

①More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy.更多的风力发电站将会涌 现，以满足对清洁能源的需求。 ②Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says.她说，和跑步一 样，竟走也需要有很好的体力。

>即学即练单句语法填空/完成 句子

① She burst into the manager's office and demanded
(speak) to him.
⊚ Theworkers demanded that their salaries (raise). ③ There have been demands
the prime minister to resign.
\circledast 乡村地区对有教学资格的教师的 需求很大。
Qualified teachers
in the country areas.
⑤ 恐怕这种产品不能满足顾客的 需求。
I'm afraid that the supply of this product
\circled{6} 他强烈要求每个人都应该被公平 对待。
He demands that everyone

在市场上，有各种各样的家具，它们能满足大部分顾客的要求。

归纳拓展

demand sth.of/fromsb.向某人要求某物
demandtodo sth.要求做某事
demand ^+ that 从句/It is demanded that...
要求.…..….（从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should ^+ 动词原形”，should可以省略）

recognitionn.识别；认出；承认；认可；赞誉，赏识

(1)recognition n. 认出；认识 beyond （all） recognition 认不出来
(2)recognize v. 认出，识别 recognize sb./one's voice 认出某人/听出某人的声音 be recognized to be/as... 被认为是·· It is recognized that.. 人们公认·

①There is a general recognition of the urgent need for reform.

人们普遍认识到改革的紧迫性。

②The town has changed beyond recognition since I was last here.
自从我上次离开这里，这座小镇已经变得让人认不出来了。

语境助记

..those in the 10 to 12 age group were "concerned with how many people like their posts"，suggesting a “need" for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.
10岁至12岁的人“关心有多少人 喜欢他们的帖子”，这表明他们 年龄越大，对社会认可的“需 求”就越强烈。 \mathbf{±b{\mathscr{S}}}\mathbf{I} guess I should recognize my mistakes, learn the lesson they teach me and move forward.
我想我应该认识到我的错误，吸取它们给我的教训，并继续前进。 4Saleha came home so thin and weak that her own children hardly recognizedher.
萨莉哈回家时又瘦又虚弱，以至于她的孩子们几乎认不出她了。 Drugs were not recognized as a serious problem then.
那时候还没有把毒品看成严重问题。
Lawrence's novel was eventually recognized as a work of genius. 劳伦斯的小说最终被认为是天才之作。
OIt is recognized that friendship is based on trust.
大家都知道友谊是以信任为基础的。
8We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. 我们不会说当地的语言，不知道当地的风俗，通常情况下，我们也不 完全认识当地的食物。

alternativen.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的

an alternative to... ..的替代品have no alternative but to do sth. 除了做某事之外别无选择alternative energy 替代能源alternativeways/methods 可供选择的方法

OIn pursuing a dream, we might focus on only one way of making it come true, forgetting that there may be alternatives.

追求梦想时，我们可能会只聚焦于实现梦想的一种方式，而忘记也许还有其他的选择。

±b{\mathscr{e}} These communities are now turning to recycling as a cheaperalternative tolandfill.这些社区现在正开始转向用回收这种较为廉价的方法替代废物填埋法。

±b{\otimes} Larry had concluded that he had no alternative but to accept Paul's words as the truth.

④Looking back on my last term, I wish that I had thought about alternative ways of learning.

±b{\Theta} Some people say schools need to teach students tolerance of alternativelifestyles.

有些人说学校有必要教育学生学会包容非传统的生活方式。

语境助记

It would provide hundreds of millions of dollars for research into alternative energy.

它可以提供数亿美元用于替代能源的研究。

>即学即练单句语法填空/完成 句子
①The magazine recognised her a national leader in education reform.
② I haven't seen Sara for many years，and shehas changed beyond (recognise).
③ Cancer （被看 成）a deadly disease.
④ (人们公认） reducing the amount of exercise is the right way if athletes are injured.

名师点津

“无选择只好做某事”的其他 表达方式：
do nothing but do sth.
have nothing to do but do sth.
have no choice but to do sth.
can not choose but to do sth.

即学即练单句语法填空

① Because he was ill, he had no alternative but (stay) at home this vacation.
⊚ The highway was closed because of the fog; as a result we had to find alternative route. ③ The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to
(communicate) with others.
\circledast At the beginning of the month, Tom and others were still looking for an alternative Mary.

breakinto强行闯入，撬开；突然开始（笑、唱、跑）;顺利打入

①There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break into thehouse.当时附近没有人可能看见他试图闯进那所房子。

②No sooner had he stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.他一上台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。 ±b{\otimes} The prisoner broke away from his guards.囚犯从看守那里挣脱了。

4Anna tried to break away, but he held her tight.
安娜试图挣脱开，可他紧紧抓住她。
5Thepeace talkshavebroken down.和平谈判失败了。
6Ourtruckbrokedownlastnight.昨晚我们的卡车抛锚了。
OPlease don't break in on our conversation.
请不要打断我们的谈话。
?The Second World War broke out in September 1939.
第二次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。
9He's just broken up with his girlfriend.他刚刚和女朋友分手了。
He took a bar of chocolate and broke it off.
他拿了一条巧克力并将其折断。
①Theybrokeofftheirconversation.他们中断了谈话。
\oplus The sun broke through the clouds.太阳破云而出。

名师点津

break into是及物动词短语，into是介词，后面接宾语。
break in是不及物动词短语， i n 是副词，后面不接宾语。

语境助记

Our troops had little difficulty in breaking through thelines of the enemy.

我们的军队没费多少劲就突破了敌军防线。

⊚ Talks with business leaders broke down last night.

③ Although many years later the Americans broke awayfrom their colonial master,the language of English remained, and still does.

\circledast They had escaped to America shortly before war broke out in 1939.

\circled{5} It takes some time to break through the surface.

·第二版块|重点句型解构

(教材原句） It may seem like building castles in the air, but given the rate at which artificial intelligence, or Al, is being developed, in the future such dreams may actually come true. 这看上去可能像建造空中楼阁一样不切实际,但是考虑到目前人工智能(AI)的发展速度,将来这 样的梦想可能会实现。

[句式分析]“介词十关系代词”引导的定语从句使用“介词 ^+ 关系代词"引导的定语从句时要注意以下几点：

（1)在“介词 ^+ 关系代词"结构中，关系代词一般用whom（先行词指人)和which(先行词指物)。

①This is the office in which I used to work.
这就是我过去工作的办公室。

归纳拓展

① 不是所有的“介词十关系代词”结构都可以替换成关系副词，比如 where，when 等。有时使用“介词+关系代词”要比单独使用关系副词在表意上更具体，这时不可替换，如：

OThis is the teacher from whom we've learnt a lot.
这就是我们从他那里学到很多东西的那位老师。
(2)“介词 ^+ 关系代词”可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从 句。在限制性定语从句中，介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不 能省略；但若介词后置，则可用that代替which，用who代替 whom，也可省略关系代词。
±b{\otimes} Many teenagers usually consider their best friend as someone to whom they can turn when they need help.
= Many teenagers usually consider their best friend as someone (who/whom） they can turn to when they need help.
许多青少年通常认为，他们最好的朋友是在他们需要帮助的时候可 以求助的人。
(3)介词的确定可按以下三点原则： ① 根据先行词的某种习惯搭配 来确定介词； ⊚ 根据定语从句中动词或形容词所需要的某种习惯搭 配来确定介词； ③ 根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
±b{\mathbb{Q}}\mathbf{I} don't like the way in which you talk to your mother.
我不喜欢你跟你妈妈说话的方式。（in a..．way 表示“用……. 方式”）
He was generous with his time to help me study, for which I was grateful.
我很感激他不吝惜他的时间来帮助我学习。（be gratefulfor sth.感 激某事)
In the dark street,there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的街上,没有一个她可以求助的人。（turn to sb．for help 向 某人寻求帮助)
O Water, without which we cannot live, exists in the form of liquid, gas or solid.
我们生存不能缺少的水，以液体、气体或者固体的形式存在。（根据 从句的意义确定介词用without)
(4)某些在从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语的“介词 ^+ 关系代词” 结构可以同关系副词when,where,why互换。
\mathbf{\ddot{e}}1 shall never forget the days during which ( = when）we study in the library together.
我永远也不会忘记我们一起在图书馆学习的那些日子。
±b{Q}\mathbf{I} have never been to the places in which ( = where）the Indians live.我从未去过那些印第安人居住的地方。
\I D I'd like you to explain the reason for which ( = why）you were absent.我想让你解释一下你缺席的原因。

He came to the square on which a hugemonument stood.他来到了广场，那里矗立着一座纪念碑。 (on which可以换成where，表意相近)He climbed up to thetop of themountain, beyond which came abeautiful rainbow.他爬上了山顶,远处出现了一道彩虹。 (beyondwhich 不能换成where，因为where本身不能体现 beyond的含义)②有时“介词+关系代词”中关系代词需要用whose，这种情况用于表示先行词和 whose 所修饰名词之间存在从属关系，例如：I was grateful to that guy, with whosehelp I was inspired.我对那个人心存感激，他对我的帮助让我备受激励。

>即学即练 用适当的关系代词和介词填空

① Many young people, most of were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
⊚ Many lessons are now available online, from students can choose for free.
③ They also had a small pond
which they raised fish.
④ He was educated at a local grammar school,
which he went to University of Cambridge.
\circled{5} The reason which he was late was that something was wrong with his bike on the way. \circled{6} The house which he paid 200,000yuan is now worth 350,000 yuan.
⑦ Some experts think reading is thefundamental（基础的）skill which school education depends.

（教材原句）In short，this technology is transforming the way we live.简而言之，这一技术正在改变我们的生活方式。

[句式分析］way为先行词时定语从句的用法way作“方式；方法"讲，后接定语从句时有两种情况：

① way后的定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，要用关系代词that或which，作宾语时可省略。

\mathbf{\^{o}} The way (which/that) he explained to us was quite simple. 他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
⊚ way后的定语从句中缺少状语时（定语从句还原后是in the way),关系词用inwhich，that或省略。
②However, when she hung up, she regretted the way (in which/ that）she had handled the call.
然而，当她挂断电话时，她对她接电话的方式感到后悔。

归纳拓展

way引导的定语从句
theway作先行词，后接定语从句
以下3种表达都是正确的。例如：“我喜欢她笑的样子。”
(1)the way ^+ in which ^+ 从句:I like the way in which she smiles. (2)theway ^+ that ^+ 从句:I like the way that she smiles.
(3)the way ^+ 从句（省略了in which 或that):I like the way she smiles.
上述句子都正确，意思也完全相同。但是,the way之后用in which 引导的定语从句最为正式；省略了that或inwhich是最自然、最常 用的表达；然而，theWay之后用that引导定语从句，最不常见。 注意：在先行词 the way之后不用 how。因为引导定语从句的关系 词是that而不是how。

即学即练单句语法填空

①I don't like the way you speak to your mother，but I like the way you think of to solve the problem. ⊚ Theway was thought of by him of doing the experiment was similar to the way you carried it out.

（教材原句）Withmachines likeAlphaGo now capable of thinking and learningfrom theirmistakes， wearegettingclosertothedividinglinebetweenhumansandmachines.现在随着像阿尔法围棋这 样能够思考并从它们的错误中学习的机器的出现，我们正越来越接近人和机器的分界线。

［句式分析］with复合结构

with复合结构，即“with ^{+} 宾语 ^+ 宾补"结构，在句中通常作状语，表示伴随、方式、原因或条件等，也可作定语。宾语可由名词或代词充当，常见的with复合结构有：

with ^+ 宾语 ^+ 现在分词(表示主动或动作正在进行)with ^+ 宾语 ^+ 过去分词（表示被动或动作已完成)with ^+ 宾语 ^+ 动词不定式(通常用todo形式，表示动作尚未进行)with ^+ 宾语 ^+ 介词短语/形容词/副词(表示宾语所处的状态)

OThe girl felt very safe with her mother standing behind her.她的妈妈站在她的身后,这个女孩儿感到很安全。（her mother 与stand之间是逻辑上的主谓关系）

②With all the things she needed bought, she went home.买了她需要的所有东西后,她回家了。（things 与buy之间是逻辑上的动宾关系）

语境助记

With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seen as an efficient way of reaching target customers.

随着网上购物愈发流行，因特网被视为一种联系目标客户的高效的方式。

>即学即练用with复合结构完 成句子
① Seeing him lying in bed
（腿上缠着绷带），wefelt sorry for him and hoped that he would get well soon.

③With so manybooks to read,I have no time to chat with you.有这么多的书要读，我没时间跟你闲聊。（books与read之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，但不定式用主动形式表示被动意义)

4Don't stand with your hands in your pockets.
站着的时候不要把手插在口袋里。
She saw a river with red flowers and green grass on both sides.
她看到一条两岸长着红花绿草的河流。

归纳拓展

with复合结构作状语
(1)表示伴随状语
She left the office with tears in her eyes.
她眼里含着泪，离开了办公室。
(2)表示原因
With his key lost, he couldn't get into the office.
由于钥匙丢了，他进不了办公室。
(3)表示时间
The children began to watch TV with the homework done. 孩子们完成作业以后开始看电视。
(4)表示条件
I'd like to see the new film with time permitting.
如果时间许可，我想看那部新电影。
(5)表示结果
The battle ended with the enemy defeated.
战斗结束了，敌人被打败了。 ② （有一个学生 领着我们），we found Professor Meng easily.
③ （有很多问题 需要解决），thenewly-selected president is having a hard time.
\circledast The square looks more beautiful （所有的灯 亮起来).
⑤ The city lies in a valley
(高山环绕).
\circled{6} （天气这 么热），don't shut yourself indoors all day.

课时达标·随堂自测

I.单词拼写

1. The journalist （分析）the fact and drew an amazing conclusion.
2. Physicians have carried out (大规模的) tests to confirm the effect of this kind of medicine.
3. They demonstrated their (重大进展) in the design of the spacecraft at the conference.
4. The activity is （提供资金）by the sponsor.
5. The members of the council are from （自治的）state governments.
6. Some intense activities may （威胁） the health of the ankle.
7. All of his fellows （催促）by the task have already taken action.
8. The polluted water to be poured into the Pacific by that country will （造成）athreat to the world, which can even affect creatures' genes.
9. （显然），theydon'taccept the remarks on the net.
10. Gradually, they didn't take the （警 告） from their parents seriously.
11. It's （要求）by the court that the insurance should pay for the loss of the farmers.
12. The （受害者）in thedisasterhave been ranked according to their wounds to be given medical care.
13.The （贪心的）businessman was accused of evading tax.
14. Their accurate numbers won the （认 可）from the council.
15. 1 had no （可供选择的事物）but to throw in the towel.

Ⅱ.短语填空

break into; fall victim to; demand... of; to name but a few; castles in the air; turning point; walk on air; in recognition of; put...in place; be committed to; date back to; go to great lengths to; find one's way into; make a breakthrough; urge... to

1.Ithinkwhat is saidin the evidence is unbelievable, and it is just
2. Lots of industries are springing up, such as the human genome, pet caring, distance learning, big data analysis,
3.Without doubt,he his overconfidence.
4. To their surprise, the dentist from that country the league.
5. The surgeon his patient start exercising after the operation.
6. The findings more research the physicians.
7. In the second session of that term, his study of the virus reached a
8. They in the fight against the virus.
9. That chemist was rewarded his service.
10. The girl was outgoing, and she when hearing the good news.
11. Fortunately, he ultimately acting.
12. We are all affected by her grace, because she can each of her words and actions
13. Modern marathon ancient Greece has become one of the most fundamental events in the world.
14.He find the means of solving this problem.
15. As a biology scientist, he identifying different viruses causing flu.

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1. Police in Beijing are reportedly testing out new smart glasses with facial (recognise) technology.

2. Cash will likely become less popular, thanks to the high cost of using cash and the growing number of (alternative).
3.After (analyse） the conclusion they had new opinion on the matter.
4.Faced with （mass）goods in the supermarket, we should have good discrimination.
5. They have made a great breakthrough reducing harmful materials in cigarettes.
6.With （finance） situation becoming better, more and more companies are participating in the investment in the basic constructions.
7. The tailor was threatened (make) invisible clothes for the emperor.
8. The manager urged his staff (take) some measures to control the downward trend of sales.
9. The number of the customers in the supermarket rose （apparent） after the news of discount was broadcast.
10. They have issued a warning the infection in that small clinic.

IV.完成句子

1.作为一个残疾人，他非常感激他们对待残疾人的方式。 As a person with disability, he was very grateful for they treated the disabled. (theway作先行词，后接定语从句）
2.因为有许多问题要解决，经理在办公室里来回 步。 ，the manager paced in his officebackandforth.（with复合结构）
3.世界上几乎所有国家都要求不要将危险的水排放 到海洋中。 Almost all countries around the world the dangerous water released into the ocean.[demand that...(should） do]
4.那个孩子吃蛋糕时噎住了，情况紧急。 the child was choked when eating the cake.（it 作形式主语;urgent)

Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills

新知感知·自学导弓

I.核心词汇

1. drone n ：
2. ut. & vi. 减少,降低_n 减少,降低
3. ut. 否认,否定;拒绝承认,拒绝接受
4. n. 数量;大量
5. n. 航空公司
6. Ut. 从事间谍活动Ut. 突然看见n. 间谍
7. monitor ut.n.
8. n. (AmE许可证,执照
9. n. 体育场，运动场
10. highlight n ：Ut.
11. capsule n
12. ut. 埋藏;埋葬,安葬;覆盖;遮盖;使陷人
13. n. 喷泉，涌流；喷水池；源泉,丰富来源
14. adj. 当代的，现代的；属同时期的，同一时代的n. 同代人,同辈人
15. n. 种子;起源,起因
16. wheat n

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

1. n.分发，分送；分配，分布 \rightarrow vt.分发；分配2. vt.预言，预告 \rightarrow n.预言；预测;预告 \rightarrow adj．可预料的,可预见的3. _n ．构成威胁的人(或事物)；威胁，恐吓；凶兆 \rightarrow vt.危及，对....构成威胁；恐吓4. adj．不合法的，非法的 \rightarrow adj.法律的；合法的→ adv.非法地

5. adj．肌肉的；强壮的→ n.肌肉；肌
6. Ut. \& vi．断定，推断出；达成，订立；(使)结束，终止 \rightarrow n .结论；推论；结局
7. adj．合乎情理的，事出有因的;有正当理由的→ vt.证明.....正确(或正当，有理)
8. superiority n. adj．上级的；更好的

Ⅲ.重点短语

1. 开始使用
2. 运送货物
3. 无可否认
4. 大量地
5. 撞击
6. 利用
7. 暗中监视，窥探
8. 打算做某事
9. 自来水笔
10. 给.…···解除负担（或
义务等）；帮助.·
摆脱
11. 合理的优越感
12. 被传达,被理解,把
…讲清楚

IV.重点句型

1.At the moment, military action and disaster relief, like the distribution of medicines during emergencies, especially to places by other means of transport. 目前，货运无人机主要用于军事行动或救灾，比如 在紧急情况下分发药品，特别是到通过其它交通 方式难以到达的地方。
2.Another risk is people might take advantage of drones to harm others. 另一个风险是，人们可能利用无人机伤害他人。

核心突破·互动探究

·第一版块|重点词汇诠释

distribution n.分发，分送；分配,分布distribute vt.分发；分配

(1)the distribution of.. . ·….·的分发分配 population distribution 人口分布 the unfair distribution of wealth 财富分配不公
(2)distribute... to... distribute... between/among...

①The Red Cross organized the distribution of food and clothing inthe disaster area.红十字会组织在灾区分发食物和衣服。

②The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.
这些语言的分布极不均衡。

③The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security started to distribute the third-generation social security cards on Friday.

人力资源和社会保障部于周五开始发放第三代社会保障卡。

±b{\mathbb{o}} Thousands of soldiers are working to distribute food and blankets to thehomelesspeople. 成千上万的士兵正在努力向无家可归的人们分发食物和毯子。

The central government has been making efforts to more fairly distribute education resources among different provinces and regions.中央政府一直在努力使不同省份和地区之间的教育资源分 配更加公平。

predictvt.预言，预告prediction n.预言；预测；预报；预告

(1)predict sth. /that... 预言….…；预测…. It's predicted that... 据预测/预报.··；人们预言/预测 (2)make apredictionfor 对.……做出预言/预测

①He predicts that the output of literary works will be doubled.
他预言文学作品的产量将翻一番。

②Based on his theory,astronomers predicted that another planet might existin the orbit ofUranus.根据他的理论，天文学家预测在 天王星的轨道上可能存在另一颗行星。

③It is predicted that by 2035, the number of people above 60 years old will account for more than one-fourth of the country's population.据预测，到2035年，中国60岁以上人口将占总人口的 四分之一以上。

④ When predicting someone's future success，their character，as measured by EQ tests,might actually matter more than their IQ. 在预测某人未来的成功时，由情商测定的性格实际上可能比智商更 重要。

语境助记

The unfair distribution of wealth has become a serious problem and the government has decided to take action to make it fairer.

财富的不公平分配已经成为一个严重的问题，政府已经决定采取行动使其更公平。

■即学即练单句语法填空

① On the first day of the new term,our teachers will distribute textbooks the students. ⊚ The organization
（distribute）food and blankets the people who survived the earthquake.
③The （distribute）of

passports has been a slow process.

>即学即练单句语法填空/完成 句子
①It （predict）that there will be thousands of foreign visitors coming to enjoy the event. ⊚ It's difficult to make accurate （predict）about the effects on the environment.
③ There is no way at present of （predict）which individuals will develop the disease. ④
（据预测）AIwill greatly change people's lives.