99 High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences

Advanced

Multi-purpOse Usb

Radiometer:

AMOUR

High-speed versatile USB Radiometer for research and engineering

Algal growth chambers/photosynthetron illumination

Fluorescence detection

Illumination studies

LED testing

Optical hazard detection

Solar irradiance (insolation)

... and more

Applications

Measurement of radiation incident on a flat surface. This geometry is used for

most radiometric applications, including illumination and solar energy studies.

The AMOUR collector deviates from the ideal cosine response by less than ±5%

for incidence angles up to 85°.

Irradiance

The scalar response is independent of the direction of the incident radiation.

This geometry is commonly used for oceanographic and limnological studies

involving algae or microorganisms as effects caused in cells are do not depend

on the direction of light. Scalar collectors measure as much as 3.7π steradians

out of 4π steradians, depending on the length of the shaft used.

Scalar irradiance

Narrow band

UV

Blue-Light Hazard

High-energy visible light

PAR

Spectral responses

Irradiance

Scalar Irradiance

Radiance

Coupling to optical fibers

Measurement geometries

The AMOUR is a versatile single-channel USB-powered filter radiometer

intended for use in the laboratory or field. It can be equipped with several

inter-changeable fore-optics for different measurement geometries. The

instrument’ s spectral response can be tailored to support many applications.

The dynamic range of the instrument covers more than 10 orders of magnitude.

It incorporates Biospherical Instruments' microradiometer technology, which

was developed under a contract to NASA.

What is the AMOUR?

The user can select from the following measurement geometries. Calibration

data for every type is available.

Measurement Geometries

High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences 100

Scalar

Irradiance

Irradiance

Radiance

(14° FOV)

Narrow Band filters (~10 nm bandwidth) are normally used

when the source distribution is known and typically confined to a small region, such as an Laser, or where it is combined in an ensemble of radiometers spaced through the

spectral region of interest, such that the entire spectrum

can be reconstructed.

PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation), which is confined to the 400-700nm spectral region and is weighted

with a quantum response as opposed to most weighted

spectral responses. Calibration units include moles/(cm2 s),

einsteins/(cm2 s), and quanta or photons/(cm2 s), and their

MKS variants.

Blue Light Hazard, which is defined as the potential for a

photochemical induced retinal injury resulting from radiation exposure at wavelengths primarily between 400 nm

and 500 nm.

Photometric Response, which describes the perceived

brightness to the human eye.

By default, AMOUR radiometers measure with the spectral response of a silicon

photodiode (wide-band response between 250 and 1100 nm). If the wavelength

distribution of the source being measured is known, and the instrument is

ordered with a response function calibration, the optical flux can be measured.

The instruments can also be ordered with a large selection of filters, including

narrow-band and filters that mimic some physiological response function.

These include:

Spectral Response

Measurement of radiance allow to quantify how bright an object is. Objects may

include the ocean viewed from above, the sky, or an indoor object. More formally, radiance describes the radiative power per area and solid angle subtended by the observation. AMOUR’ s radiance foreoptics have field of views ranging

from 2.5° to 20°.

Radiance

AMOUR radiometer can be ordered with a SMA connector for coupling to optical fibers. This configuration allows measurements in difficult-to-reach locations such as algae mats. Fibers and also be coupled to an

integrating sphere or other components on an optical bench.

Fiber Optics

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

250 450 650 850 1050

Wavelength (nm)

Relative response

Narrow Band Filters

No filter (calibrated

spectral response)

PAR

Blue Light Hazard

Photopic Response

Standard spectral response functions of filters offered for

AMOUR radiometers.

Polar diagram of directional response of various foreoptics offered for AMOUR radiometers. The ideal

response is indicated by a dotted line. Solid lines show

measurements of the actual devices.

Erythema, which describes the wavelength-dependent sensitivity of the

human skin tosunburn

Additional response functions, tailored to customer needs.

lrradiance: Cosine error <± 3% for zenith angles smaller than 85°

Scalar irradiance: Directional error < ± 5% for incidence angles < ± 135° with

some falloff occurring approaching +165° due to intrusion of the stainless steel

casing.

Radiance: Standard field-of-view 6°, 14°; optional field-of-view from 2.5° to 20°

Fiber coupling: SMA connector

Fore Optics: Selection of

AMOUR Specifications

Depending on filter - see ordering

options

Spectral response

Depending on configuration, see

Table.

Detection limit

Si (13 mm2

), InGaAs (7 mm2

), or GaAsP

(7 mm2

)

Detectors

Electrometer amplifier with three gain

stages—1, 200, and 40,000.

Photocurrent-to-Voltage Conversion

250–1650 nm. (Range of 1100–1650

nm requires InGaAs detectors.)

Spectral Range

24-bit bipolar: 4–125 Hz data rates.

ADC

Dark offsets are measured and set at

the time of calibration for each gain

level.

Dark Offsets

± 5 VDC at 4 mA total.

Microradiometer Power

10 decades

Dynamic Range

Measured on all microradiometers

over a signal current range of 1 x 10-12

to 1 x 10-5 A using a programmable

light source. Typically, errors are < 1%

compared to a reference system

electrometer. Gain ratios are individually measured using a computer

controlled optical source and programmed into each microradiometer.

Linearity

Exponential change with a time

constant of < 0.01 s. Time required for

gain change is < 0.1 s.

Response Time

ADC resolution is 0.5 μV with a

current resolution of < 10-15 A. The

saturation current is 160 ȝA. The

3-gain signal-range is 1.6 x 1011,

defined as the saturation signal

divided by minimum resolvable signal.

Electronic Sensitivity

6x1010, defined as saturation signal

divided by minimum resolvable signal.

Dynamic range

4 - 125 Hz (native); 1/60 - 125 Hz

(with internal averaging)

Sampling rate

USB (standard). Optionally available

with RS232 or RS485.

Electronics interface

Physical dimensions

Diameter: 1.2″

Length: Depending on Fore optics:

5\"(lrradiance);8\"-??(scalar irradiance); 7\"(radiance with

14°field-of-view, longer for smaller

field-of-view

Microradiometer Specifications

(The heart of AMOUR)

101 High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences

Detection limit Saturation Unit Dynamic range

Irradiance, 313 nm 6.9E-06 3.6E+05 μW/(cm² nm) 5.2E+10

Irradiance, 490 nm 1.2E-06 6.8E+04 μW/(cm² nm) 5.9E+10

Irradiance, PAR nm 1.1E-10 5.7 μE/(cm² s) 5.2E+10

Scalar, 313 nm 6.3E-02 4.1E+09 μW/(cm² nm) 6.6E+10

Scalar, 490 nm 2.0E-05 1.0E+06 μW/(cm² nm) 5.2E+10

Scalar, PAR nm 1.1E-09 58.5 μE/(cm² s) 5.2E+10

Radiance, 313 nm 4.9E-07 3.0E+04 μW/(cm² nm sr) 6.0E+10

Radiance, 490 nm 1.4E-07 8.5E+03 μW/(cm² nm sr) 6.0E+10

Radiance, PAR nm 1.3E-11 0.79 μE/(cm² s sr) 6.0E+10

Detection Limit and Saturation

Since 1978, Biospherical Instruments has been making a variety of optical

instruments to serve the scientific community. The AMOUR radiometer line

incorporates the fourth generation of PAR sensors we have built, and significantly extends the functionality, dynamic range and sensitivity of prior generations, directly connects to USB for signal and power, and can be configured

with several measurement and spectral geometries.

Introduced in 1978, the QSL-100 is still found in many labs

through the world. Light striking the Teflon ® irradiance

sphere is integrated from all directions, much as a algal

cell would collect light for photosynthesis. This irradiance-collecting sphere is still the basis for our scalar irradiance collectors.

The AMOUR, Biospherical Instruments’ latest generation

of single-channel radiometers features different fore-optics, which can be screwed on the device. The instrument

combines BSI’ s microradiometer technology with a USB

interface card, which provides power derived from the

USB port to the microradiometer, and conditions the signals to be received via USB. For applications that require

longer signal length than accommodated by USB, an

extender to operate over 100 meters can be provided.

The instrument is built into a 1-inch cylindrical housing.

Legacy of Biospherical Instrument’s

single-channel radiometers

High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences 102

103 High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences

The heart of the AMOUR, is the microradiometer—a novel approach to photodetector integration on one small circuit board assembly the size of a pen. The

consists of a photo-diode, a currentto-voltage electrometer with a three-stage

programmable gain amplifier, a 24-bit analog-to-digital converter, and a

low-power microprocessor that can automatically select the correct gain, conduct internal data averaging, and offset correction. An outer sleeve made of

brass provides support and isolation from electronic noise.

The 24 bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) covers a range of -30 mV to 4.096

V. Counts at full scale are 224 = 16777215, and the resolution is 0.596

µvolts/count. The ADC converts at userselectable rates ranging from 4 to 125

Hz. Internal averaging and autoranging allows data to be reported at rates from

greater than 50 Hz down to one sample per minute.

Several data reporting options are available, including ASCII and binary floating

point. The instrument can also report internal temperature and power supply

state. Optionally, up to 200 instruments can be aggregated into a synchronized

sampling systems, providing a single data stream. Multi-channel microradiometer systems have been utilized in underwater spectroradiometers (C-OPS),

atmospheric radiometers, transmissometers, fluorometers, and many other

light measuring applications.

Inside the AMOUR

10

Decades of

range!

Example of a 19-channel microradiometer system for measuring radiance under water. The system uses

the same technology as AMOUR radiometers.

Allows connection of a

SMA optical fiber to the

microradiometer. Consult

factory for availability of

other adaptor types.

Part number:

Price:

Fiber optic adaptor

The basic AMOUR radiometer consists of an uncalibrated USB radiometer

mounted in a waterresistant housing using a silicon photodiode with a sensitivity from 190 nm to beyond 1100 nm as detector. Depending on application, the

customer can choose from a large variety of fore-optics, filters, detectors and

other accessories. The resulting combination is then calibrated in our calibration laboratory.

Ordering Options

Fore optics

1.9 cm diameter ultra pure

Teflon® collector on 2 cm

sealed stainless steel shaft

Part number:

Price:

Scalar irradiance collector

Teflon® irradiance diffuser

Part number:

Price:

Cosine-corrected

irradiance diffuser

Detectors

For near infrared (NIR)applica- tions beyond 1100 nm the

standard silicondetector can be

switched to a InGaAs photodiode

covering 900-1700nm.

Part number:

Price:

InGaAs detector

Not sure what that detector is

used for

Part number:

Price:

GaAsP detector

Allows measurement of

radiance with a 2.5 to 20°

field-of-view. Standard

options are 6° and 13.7°

Consult factory for details

Radiance adaptor

1.9 cm diameter Teflon® collector

mounted on a long (25 cm) shaft.

Stainless steel construction allows

immersion in most media.

Part number:

Price:

Long shaft scalar collector 1.9 cm

1.3 cm diameter Teflon® collector

mounted on a long (25 cm) shaft.

Stainless steel construction allows

immersion in most media.

Part number:

Price:

Long shaft scalar collector 1.3 cm

High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences 104

Filters

Calibration of the spectral

response function

Part number:

Price:

Bare Photodiode

Response Function

Installation of a 10nm FWHM

interference filter and calibration

of the assembled sensor. Stocked

filters include the wavelengths:

305, 313, 320, 330, 340, 380, 395,

412, 443, 465, 490, 510, 520, 532,

555, 560, 565, 589, 625, 665, 670,

683, 694, 710, 765, 780 and 875,

1020, 1245, and 1640 nm. The last

two wavelengths require the

InGaAs detector option.

Part number:

Price:

10nm Narrowband

Filter Response

Includes calibration with 1 set of

collection optics.

Part number:

Price:

PAR Spectral Response

Includes calibration with 1 set of

collection optics.

Part number:

Price:

Photometric Spectral Response

Wavelength dependence of the

human skin to sunburn as defined

by the International Commission

on Illumination (CIE)

Part number:

Price:

Erythemal response

Examples of custom function

include Blue Light Hazard

function, and other functions

mimicking biological action

functions. Describe the product,

service, or event here. Include a

brief description and any features.

Custom Response Function

Other

Allows connection over up to 100

m using a CAT5 cable between PC

and probe.

Part number:

Price:

USB extender system

105 High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences

High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences 106

Q-Series sensors

Q-Series sensors

Biospherical Instruments offers a variety of small, single-channel radiometers

for use in the laboratory; deployment with profilers, CTDs, gliders, floats,

research vessels, and meteorological stations; use in aquaculture and biofuel

plants; and for many other marine or terrestrial applications. The instruments

are available in a large number of configurations with respect to directional

response, depth rating, signal output, packaging, cabling, and accessories.

Our Q-Series sensors measure Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR). Measurement geometries include cosine irradiance and scalar irradiance, and can

be optimized for in-water or terrestrial observations. Depending on the model,

measurements are outputted as either a digital data stream, or as \"linear

analog\" or \"logarithmic analog\" signals.

A variety of our sensors have been interfaced with Sea-Bird CTD and data logging systems including the QSP, QCP, QSR, and QCR. For customers wishing to

integrate a Q-Series sensor to a Sea-Bird CTD, please consult Sea-Bird for the

proper sensor selection, as there are specific requirements for compatibility.

Q-Series single-channel sensors are available in a large number of configurations. Monocromatic versions are available on request. Contact the factory for

details.

The following matrix provides an overview of the most commonly available

combinations of features, and the associated model numbers. Models are identified by a three ‐ letter code followed by a four ‐ digit number. The different

options are explained in detail below the matrix. Click on the model numbers for

more information.

Series QSP QSP QSP QSP QSP

Spectral Response PAR PAR PAR PAR PAR

Collector Scalar Scalar Scalar Cosine Cosine

Environment/

Depth

2,000 m Laboratory

(QSL), 2000 m

(QSPL)

Terrestrial 2,000 m,

10,000 m.

(Model

dependent)

Terrestrial

Digital Binary

Output

QSP-2100 QSL-2100,

QSL-2101,

QSPL-2100,

QSPL-2101

QSR-2100 QCP-2100 QCR-2100

Digital ASCII

Output

QSP-2150 QSL-2150,

QSL-2151,

QSPL-2150,

QSPL-2151

QSR-2150 QCP-2150 QCR-2150

Linear Analog

Output

QSP-2200,

QSP-2250

QSL-2200,

QSL-2201

QSR-2200 QCP-2200,

QCP-2250

QCR-2200

Logarithmic Analog

Output (Log)

QSP-2300,

QSP-2350

QCP-2300,

QCP-2350

Output Options

Most sensors are available as analog and digital output models. The four ‐ digit

number following the three-letter model designator indicates the electrical

interface of the sensor:

Digital binary output (2100 series): a 24 bit analog-to-digital converter provides

a binary output at a fixed sampling rate of approximately 4 Hz. Sensors are designed for use with “Logger 2100” software, which provides real-time display

and data logging on a PC.

Digital ASCII output (2150 series): the sensor uses a 24 bit analog-to-digital

converter with low noise and excellent stability. Sampling rates range from 250

Hz to 1 sample average per hour. Output is provided as a calibrated ASCII text

data stream with optional inclusion of sensor temperature. Sensor is designed

for use with “Logger 2150” software but the data format is also ideally suited

for integration with third-party software, for example, in multi-parameter monitoring systems.

Linear-analog output (2200 series): the sensor features a high-quality,

low-drift, electrometer-grade amplifier. Output is voltage (0 ‐ 5 V). A 16 bit or

higher analog-to-digital converter is recommended for optimum performance

in a compatible data acquisition system. Normally, SeaWiFS guidelines are used

to set the saturating irradiance or radiance values for a sensor, although a wide

range of levels is available upon request.

Logarithmic (Log) analog voltage output (2300 and 2350 series): these sensors

use a 24 ‐ bit analog-to-digital converter to sample the signal, the logarithm is

computed and the result is converted into an analog voltage (0 ‐ 5 V) that can

be satisfactorily digitized by most data acquisition systems. This output configuration is particularly useful for users that a

Digital binary output (2100 series) underwater models (QSP-2100, QCP-2100)

use a SubConn MCBH5F bulkhead connector, which we rate to a maximum

depth of 2,000 m.

Digital ASCII output (2150 series) underwater models (QSP-2150, QCP-2150)

use a SubConn MCBH4M bulkhead connector, which we rate to a maximum

depth of 2,000 m.

Legacy Analog and Log output (2200 and 2300 series) underwater models

(QSP/QCP) use a LSG-4-BCL bulkhead connector, which is rated to a depth of

2,000 m.

Modern Analog and Log output (2250 and 2350 series) underwater models

(QSP/QCP) use a SubConn MCBH4M bulkhead connector, which we rate to a

maximum depth of 2,000 m.

Surface reference sensors (QSR and QCR series) use a splash-proof Switchcraft

EN3P5M connector.

High-pressure (-HP) versions of the QCP series (QCP-2350-HP, QCP-2250-HP)

use a SubConn BH4M connector.

Environment / Depth: The third letter of the model designator is either “P” , “L” ,

or “R” and indicates the environment of operation. “P” specifies profiling underwater sensors used for continuous immersion. Maximum depths are 2,000 m or

10,000 m, depending on model. The letter “L” is specified for laboratory sensors, and “R” indicates reference above-water radiometers.

107 High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences

High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences 108

C-OPS

Irradiance

Collector

Radiance

Instrument

C-OPS:

Compact Optical Profiling System

WHAT IS C-OPS?

C-OPS is a radiometer system for determining apparent optical properties in

the ocean. it consists of two radiometers: one measuring in-water upwelling

radiance, and the other either downward irradianceorupward irradiance. Both

radiometers are equipped with 19wavebands and are mounted on a free-fall

frame. The frame can be optimized for either slow descent rates for work in very

shallow coastal waters, or faster descent rates for observations in the open

ocean. Available accessories include above-water reference iradiance sensors

to measure incident irradiance. the \"BioShade\" shadowband assembly for

making diffuse measurements, and the “BioGPS\" for providing position and

tme.

WHY C-OPS?

In-waterlegacy systems are not always well suited for

properly resolving the optical complexity of shallow

waters, principally because of overall instrument size,

proximity of the sampling plat-form, or rate of descent.

C-OPS does not have any of these problems.

C-OPS is so lightweight it can be hand deployed, so the

system can be operated from either small or large vessels.

In addition, its free-fall system precludes any influence

from the shadow of the ship.

Ideal for both ocean color, and satellite calibration and

validation, in shallow water

Complete, integrated system for measuring radiometric

variables in coastal waters with submersible and

above-water instrumenta-tion (for both turbid coastal

and clear oceanic waters)

Submersible instruments are optimized for measuring

vertical profiles of radiance and irradiance at depth

It features rapid sampling (15 Hz); slow, free-fall descent,

adjustable buoyancy, it is hand deployed; and has a 300

m maximum depth

Based on microradiometer technologyDeveloped in

partnership with NASA

WHAT’S DIFFERENT ABOUT C-OPS?

Microradiometers

The heart ofthe new C-ÃPS profiling system, and all ofits accessories, is the microradiometer-a revolutionary new approach to photodetector integration.

The Biospherical Instruments Research and Development Group has perfected

a miniature,stand-alone photodetector called the “microradiometer.\" The microra-diometer consists of a filtered photodiode with a microprocessor,a preamplifier with controllable gain, a 24-bit analog-to-digital converter, and a

serial port-all on one small circuit board assembly the size of a pen. The brass

outer sleeve provides support and isolation from electronic noise.

Although every microradiometer is an independently functioning photodetector, multiple microradiometers can be clustered together to form multiple

wavelength radiometers.Aggregator assemblies(left)are used to bundle

clusters of microradiometers with auxiliary sensors.Aggregators control the

data flow to and from microradiometers.Aggregators also feature power

conditioning; additional sensors including tilt angles, temperature, input

voltage and current, and onboard removable data storage for specialized

applications (microSD).

A cluster of 19 microradiometers in a

pressure housing, allied to an aggregator assembly(above) forms a

stand-alone multichannel radiance

ocean color sensor that is small

enough to hold in one hand (right).

109 High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences

High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences 110

C-OPS

The C-OPS near-surface buoyancy is easily adjustable

using a combination of air filled and rigid foam floats. As

the system descends, the increasing water pressure compresses air-filled bladders, which reduces buoyancy and

increases the descent rate from <3 cm s-1 at the surface, to

over 30 cm s-1 below 10 m.

The battery-powered master aggregator deck box,the \"Microradiometer Master Controller,\" provides power and

telemetry to a Windows-based laptop computer(supplied),or other PC.Biospherical Instruments custom software is provided. The deckbox also contains an out-put

port controller, which allows both the sur-face reference

and in-water sensors to adapt to different cable lengths,

while supplying optimum power to the sensors. The deckbox displays an inventory of attached sensors on power

up, which is helpful in troubleshooting cable and connection problems in complicated shipboard environments.

The above-water reference sensor measures incident

global irradiance.Optional accesso-ries include shadow

band for measurements of diffuse irradiance to support

atmospheric correction schemes(BioShade), and GPS integration for position and time (BioGPS).

C-OPS Microradiometer Based Sensor Specifications

Specifications

Microradiometer Specifications:

Each microradiometer contains its own complete control and acquisition system

composed of a microprocessor, 24-bit analog-to-dicitalconyerter (ADC), voltage reference, temperature sensor, and electrometer front end. The electrometer is configured with three gainscontroling the conversion of current to voltage. A colection of microradiometers, typically samping diferent wavelengths, is

aggregated into a microradiometer cluster, or instrument, where an electronics

package (\"aggregator\"》 controls poling and acquisition ofsignals from each of

the microradiometers, All microradiometers are synchronized to ensure simultaneous sampling at all wavelenathsThe aggregator also contains the power conditioning circuitry and data communicaions interfaces, and may also be

equipped withinternal data storage (microSD Card-1 gigabyte) to support

remote data logging.

Detectors: Si (13 mm2

), InGaAs (7 mm2

), or GaAsP (7mm2

)

Photocurrent-to-Voltage Conversion: Electrometer amplifer with threegain

stages-1,200, and 40.000

ADC: 24-bit bipolar. 4-125 Hz data rates

Dynamic Range (usable): 9 decades

Linearity: Measured on all microradiometers over a signal current range of

1x10-12 to 1x10-5 A using a programmable light source. Typically, errors are <1%

compared to a reference system electrometer. Gain ratios are individually measured using a computer controlled optical source and programmed into each

microradiometer.

Speed: ADC sample rate is programmable from 4-125Hz, and is normally set to

125 Hz, with averaging over the sampling period performed internally by the

microradiometer.

Response Time:Exponential change with a time constant of <0.01 s. Time

required for gain change is <0.1 s.

Electronic Sensitivity: ADC resolution is 0.5 μA with a current resolutionof<10-15A The saturation current is 160μA The 3-gain signal-range is1.6x1011

defined as the saturation signal divided by minimum resolvablesIgnal.

Noise: Si detector typically has 15-20 fA of noise when ADC is sampling at 125

Hz with the internal microradiometer averaging of 25 samples, resulting in a

data rate of 5 Hz.

Optical Sensitivity:Sensitivity depends on the spectral region and the entrance

optics (irradiance or radiance).lt is expressed as Noise Equivalent Signals at 5

Hz for radiance (μWcm-2 nm-1 sr-1) and irradiance (μW cm-2 nm-1):

Dark Offsets: Dark offsets are measured and set at the time of calibration for

each gain level. Offsets can also be automatically measured and applied in the

field to accommodate different temperature regimes

Microradiometer Power: ± 5 VDC at 4 mA total.

Note:Radiance is adjusted forimmersion in

water. Note alsothat radiance sensors may

bepointed directly at the solar diskwithout

saturating.

Channel

320nm

395nm

490nm

683nm

780nm

Radiance

2.9×10-6

5.0×10-6

1.8×10-6

9.9×10-7

6.8×10-7

Irradiance

9.0×10-5

6.9×10-5

2.3×10-5

1.1×10-5

8.0×10-6

111 High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences

Optical Filters:10nm full width at half maximum multicavity ion-deposited interference filters selected for greatest out-of-band blocking and minimum fluorescence and maximum long term stability

Spectral Range:250-1650nm.(Range of 1100-1650nm requires InGaAs detectors.)

C-OPS Assembly Specifications:

Cluster Sizes:Microradiometers are assembled into collections of 13 and 19

wavebands in a single housing.The following applies to 19channel sensors.

Speed: A single,19-waveband optical instrument can be operated at rates

greater than 30Hz.Complete systems composed of three 19.waveband radiometers can operate at rates greater than 15 Hz.

Data Rate:Optical instruments communicate at 115,200 baud, using RS232 or

RS485 (full or half duplex).Deck box communicates at 115.200 baud using

RS232

Power Requirements:Optical instrument with 19 channels: 7.5V at 90 mA Three

instrument system, 19 wavebands, 0.30 A typical at the deckbox

Field-of-view Radiance Instrument: 7 ° half-angle in water (SeaWiFS specification)

Cosine Error lrradiance Instrument: ± 3% for zenith angles smaller than 60° ± 5%

for zenith angles 60-70°,and +10% for zenith angles from 70-80°

Free-fall Speed:<1cm depth resolution, adjustable terminal velocity 6 cm to 35

cm s-1, manually adjustable pitch and roll

Ancillary Sensors: Water temperature, water pressure transducers, and pitch

and roll.

Available Accessories:

BioShade:Marine shadowband accessory for surface irradiance reference

sensor.

BioGPS: GPS accessory, custom adaptable free-fall frames, individual characterizations

Custom cable lengths, cable reels, and shipping containers. Details available

upon request.

Diameter: 2.75 inches

Depth:125m maximum depth rating standard; 300m versions areavailable

Wavelength Selection:Wavelengths are selectable from 250-1650 nm

High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences 112

113 High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences

GUVis-3511

Ground Based UV-Visible/

PAR Radiometer

The Biospherical Instruments Inc.(BSl)GUVis-3511 ra-diometer(Figure 1)is the

successor of the widely used GUV-511 and GUV-2511 ground-based ultraviolet

(UV) monitoring instruments. While the GUV-2511 was lim-ited to a maximum

of seven channels,the GUVis-3511 is available with as many as 19 channels,

which can be selected from over 35 wavelengths, ranging between 305 and

1,640 nm. The radiometer can also measure Photosynthetically Available Radiation(PAR: 400-700 nm).

The electronics of the instruments have been complete.ly redesigned. They are

now based on BSl's microradiometer technology, which features unprecedented

performance with respect to dynamic range,linearity, speed, and expandability.

The instrument also features a new irradiance colector covering the spectral

range from the UV to the infrared (lR)

A shadowband accessory is available, which allows alternating measurements

of global (sun + sky) and dif-fuse solar irradiance. These measurements allow

the calculation of direct solar irradiance and related data products such as

aerosol optical depth.

The instrument is based on technology introduced by the project “Optical Sensors for Planetary Radiant En-ergy\"(OSPREy). OSPREy was a joint project between Biospherical Instruments and NASA to develop a state-of-the-art

above-water radiometer system in support of current and next-generation

ocean color satellite missions.

GUV radiometers were first produced in 1992 and are being used to monitor

geographic variations in UV ex-posure in countries such as Argentina, Norway,

and the United States. Similar to it's predecessors, the GUVis.3511 is suitable

for use in long-term research programs. The GUVis will also afford retrieval of

cloud optical thickness, total column ozone, and water vapor column—three

crucial variables used in characterizing the so-lar spectrum.

Measures surface UV, visible, and infrared irradi-ance in up to 19 user-selectable wavebands and PAR

Based on state-of-the-art microradiometer technolo.9y

Features newly-designed irradiance collector with small cosine error from the

UV to thelR

Uses specialized, hard-coat, multicavity interference filters with excellent

long-term stability

Rugged, powder-coated aluminum housing

Environmentally sealed and temperature-stabilized for long-term operation in

harsh environments

RS-232 serial or USB output for connection to a PC

Windows®-based uLogger data acquisition software

Optional BioSHADE shadowband accessory suitable for land and ship-based

deployments

Optional BioGPS Global Positioning System

Key features

Figure 1. GUVis-3511 radiometer (center)

with BioSHADE drive (white cylinder on

the right) and BioGPS (black dome in the

background).

High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences 114

The GUVis-3511 is based on microradiometers, a key technology developed by BSl with support from a NASA Small

Business Innovative Research(SBlR)award. An individual

microradiometer consists of a photodetector. preamplifier

with controllable gain, high resolution(24 bit)analog-to-digital converter(ADC),microprocessor, and an addressable digital port. lt is a fully functiona sensor,resident

on one small, thin, circuit-board assembly that is sleeved

inside a shielded cylinder (Figure 2).Easily assembled with

up to 19 microradiometers, the GUVis-3511 design affords

an unprecedented amount of flexibility in wavelength selection and expandability.

Because each microradiometer channel has an individ-ual ADC, no multiplexer

is required and no analog ca.bling is needed, eliminating a source of electronic

leak-age and improving reliability. All channels of a GUVis3511 can be sampled

synchronously at rates of up to 15 Hz.Photodiode current is converted to voltage with an electrometer amplifier ith three gain settings, resulting in a dynamic range of over 10 orders of magni-tude. Each microradiometer is also

equipped with a temperature sensor located close to the photodetector

Microradiometers

the heart of the GUVis-3511

BioSHADE

a shadowband for the GUVis-3511

BioSHADE is an accessory for BSl's line of above-water radiometers, including

the GUVis-3511. The accessory can be used both for land and ship-based applications where the orientation of the shadowband axis relative to the Sun's position is not known. BioSHADE control is fully integrated in the uLogger data

acquisition software. For example, the system can be programmed to measure

global(sun + sky)irradiance with the shadowband stowed below the instrument's field of view for a certain amount of time, then perform a “sweep” of the

shadow-band, and finally return to measurements of global irra-diance. Sampling rates and the frequency of sweeps are programmable via the software's

GU.

GUVis-3511 Processor

a data post-processing tool

GUVis-3511 Processor is a software tool for post processing of data acquired by

uLogger. Software features include:

Additional features are currently being added and will be available soon.

the calculation of the direct irradiance from data collected during shadowband sweeps.

the calculation of the aerosol optical depth and re.lated parameters such as

the Angstróm coeffi-cients.

the calculation of the total ozone column.

the calibration of the radiometer via the Langley technique, and

the application of a residual cosine error correctionto measurements of global

irradiance

Figure 2. A side view of a microradiometer (top) showing the

two-sided circuit board design, and a sleeved version with

fore-optics attached (bottom). The ruler is marked in centimeters.

μLogger

GUVis-3511 data acquisition software

The GUVis-3511 is controlled by a dedicated software.

called uLogger (Figure 3). This software provides a rich set

of tools for the collection and real time display of da-ta.

The software also applies a calibration to the col-lected

raw data.Measurements can be recorded in either Microsoft Access or ASCll text format. The data format can be

tailored to a researcher's requirement.

Figure 3. Graphical User Interface (GUI) of µLogger data acquisition software. The panels display basic system pa-rameters such

as sensor tilt, graphs of the system’s meas-urements as a function

of time or wavelength, the orienta-tion of the shadowband, and

real-time data in numerical form. The layout can be easily rearranged and optimized for each measurement task.

Optical filters: see Microradiometer Specifications

Communication to PC: RS232 at 115,200 baud or USB.

Wavelength Selection: up to 19 wavelengths can be selected from the following factory standard wavelengths (nm): 305, 313, 320, 330, 340, 380 395, 412,

443, 455, 465, 475, 490, 510, 520, 532, 550, 555, 560, 565, 589, 625, 650, 665,

670, 683, 694, 710, 749, 765, 780, 875, 940, 1020, 1245, 1640 and PAR. The 1245

and 1640 nm channels require an InGaAs detector. All other channels are based

on Si detectors. Other wavelengths may be available.

Bandwidth: 10 nm full width at half maximum (FWHM), except 1245 and 1640

nm, which have 15 and 30 nm FWHM, respectively. Measurements of the

instrument’s response functions are available as an option.

Calibration: based on NIST-traceable, 1000-watt type FEL Standard of Spectral Irradiance. Can be calibrated using the Sun by intercomparison with a

high-resolution scanning spectroradiometer. Annual calibration recommended.

Cable: GSC-511 weather-resistant shielded cable; available in custom lengths

up to 100 meters; must be ordered separately.

Software: Windows®-based µLogger data-acquisition software, output in

MS-ACCESS or ASCII text format – see µLogger User’s Manual.

Sampling rate: user selectable. Maximum rate for a 19-channel instrument is

15 Hz. Microradiometer firmware supports internal averaging.

Temperature stabilization: stabilized at 40° C (optional 50 ° C) to within ±0.5° C,

achieved via a heater and PID controller.

Collector

Design:multiple layer PTFE primary

diffuser, integrating cavity,and PTFE

secondary diffuser.

Collector Area:2.1 cm diameter.

Azimuthal Asymmetry:<1%.

Cosine Eror see table and figure

below.

Radiometer Physical specifications:

Dimensions: diameter 15.2 cm (6”), length without connectors: 35.6 cm (14”).

Housing material: 6061-T6 aluminum, hard anodized and powder-coated.

Environmental Temperature Range: -30 ° C to +35° C (version with higher rating

for deployment in the tropics are available – contact factory).

Instrument control unit:

Purpose:power conditioning, temperature regulation, data output.

Dimensions: 43 cm (W) x 30.5 cm (L) x 7 cm (H) (19” rack mount).

Material: aluminum.

Power:85-264 VAC, 47-63 Hz, via IEC-320 power cord (included).

GUVis-3511 Specifications

Typical Cosine Error

Wavelength range

Solar zenith angle

< 60° 60-70° 80°

300-700 nm+ ± 3% ± 4% -7%

700-1050 nm ± 3% ± 4% -10%

1640 nm - 6% -10% -20%

+

The cosine error is virtually independent of wavelength

between 300 and 700 nm.

-20%

-10%

0%

10%

20%

0 20 40 60 80 100

Angle of incidence

Cosine Error

300 - 700 nm

1020 nm

115 High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences

High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences 116

Microradiometer Specifications

Detectors: Si (13 mm2

), or InGaAs (7 mm2

) photodiodes.

Photocurrent-to-Voltage Conversion: electrometer amplifier with three gain

stages. (nominal gain ratios: 1, 200, and 40,000; actual gain ratios are determined for each microra-diometer and stored in the firmware).

ADC: 24-bit bipolar: 4–125 Hz data rates.

Dynamic Range (usable): 10 decades

Linearity: measured on all microradiometers over a signal current range of

1x10-12 to 1x10-5 A using a programmable light source. Errors are typically <1%

compared to a refer-ence electrometer. Gain ratios are individually measured

and programmed into each microradiometer.

Speed: ADC sample rate is programmable from 4–125 Hz, and normally set to

125 Hz, with averaging over the user-defined sampling period performed by the

microradiometer.

Response Time: exponential change with a time constant of <0.01 s.

Time Required for Gain Change: <0.1 s.

Electronic Sensitivity: ADC resolution is 0.5 μV with a cur-rent resolution of

<10-15 A. The saturation curent is 160 μA The 3-gain signal-range is 1.6x1011, defined as the saturation signal divided by minimum resolvable signal.

Electronic Sensitivity: ADC resolution is 0.5 μV with a cur-rent resolution of

<10-15 A. The saturation curent is 160 μA The 3-gain signal-range is 1.6x1011,

defined as the saturation signal divided by minimum resolvable signal.

Noise: Si detector has 15-20 fA of noise when ADC is sam-pling at 125 Hz and

microradiometer is averaging of 25 samples

Optical Sensitivity: expressed as Noise Equivalent lrradiance at 5 Hz sampling

rate.

Dark Offsets: dark offsets are measured and set at the time of calibration for

each gain level. Offsets can also be automatically measured and applied in the

field to accommodate different temperature regimes.

Microradiometer Power: ±5 VDC at 4 mA

Optical Filters:10 nm full-width at half-maximum multicavity ion-deposited

interference filters selected for greatest out-of-band blocking(typically 10 ° )，

minimum fluorescence and maximum stability

Data rate:sensor heads communicate at 115,200 baud, using RS-232(half

duplex). The Control Unit communicates at 115,200 baud with the PC using

RS-232 or USB

Wavelength Noise Equivalent Irradiance

305

412

610

1,020

1,245

1,640

3×10-4

1×10-4

2×10-5

4×10-5

6×10-5

3×10-5

μW cm-2 nm-1 [nm]

The BioSHADE accessory is an option and not required for operation of the GUVis-3511.

Shadowband: radius: 9.6 cm (3.78 in); width: 2.54 cm (1 in).

Stepper motor: size 17 motor with 51,200 step resolution and home sensor.

Shadowband position recorded in data file.

Stepper motor control: via microradiometer aggregator.

Power requirements: stepper motor: 12.2 V; control: 6.4 V.

Diameter stepper motor housing: 8.9 cm (3.5”).

Integrated spectrograph. OSPREy instrument developments include the

integration of a high-performance spectrograph beneath the cosine collector.

Contact the factory for updates if your are interested in this hyperspectral

feature.

Measurements of the spectral response functions. Spectral characterization of

every channel with BSI’s purpose-built spectral tester.

Measurement of the directional response of the irradiance collector.

Bernhard, G. et al. (2005). Real-time ultraviolet and column ozone from

multichannel ultraviolet radiometers deployed in the National Science Foundation’s ultraviolet monitoring network. Optical Engineering, 44(4), 041011-1 -

041011-12.

Dahlback, A. (1996) Measurements of biologically effective UV doses, total

ozone abundances, and cloud effects with multichannel, moderate bandwidth

filter instruments. Appl.Opt., 35(33), 6514-6521.

Díaz et al. (2005). Multichannel radiometer calibration: a new approach, Appl.

Opt., 44(26), 5374-5380.

Johnsen et al. (2008). Intercomparison and harmonization of UV Index measurements from multiband filter radiometers, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D15206,

doi:10.1029/2007JD009731.

BioSHADE Specifications

The BioSHADE accessory is an option and not required for operation of the GUVis-3511.

Diameter stepper motor housing: 8.9 cm (3.5”).

Provided data: time (UT), latitude, longitude, number of satel-lites in view,

computer clock updating via µLogger software.

Update rate: 1 second.

BioGPS Specifications

GUVis-3511 may be custom-configured to meet a wide variety of research

needs including wavelength selection, temperature set point, cable length, and

custom channels. Additional accessories include:

Accessories

GUV radiometers have been introduced in 1992 and are being used in several

UV monitoring networks around the world, including the National Science

Foundation’ s Polar UV Monitor-ing Network. Instruments have demonstrated

their quality at the first international intercomparison of multiband filter

radi-ometers, arranged in Oslo in 2005 [Johnsen et al., 2008]. A selection of

papers concerning GUV measurements are pro-vided below. Additional references are available at www.biospherical.com/nsf/references.asp.

References

117 High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences

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27

High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences 118

BlC

Compact 4-Channel

Radiometer

Biospherical Instruments’ BlC family of radiometers are scaled-down version of

our widely used PUV/GUV and PRR instrument systems. The standard BlC measures downwelling (cosine) irradiance in three monochromatic wavebands as

well as PAR(400-700nm). Wavelengths are available ranging from 305 nm in the

UVB to 875 nm in the near infrared. BlC photodetectors share a common Teflon® collector for maximum accuracy over time. BlCs are available in submersible and surface reference versions.

A submersible BlC fitted with optional temperature and pressure transducers

may be combined with a matching surface reference BlC to provide accurate

vertical profiles of irradiance down to 100m.

Compact and lightweight, the BlC features a wide dynamic-range (>5 decades)

and is suitable for a variety of aquatic research applications.

The BlC connects to either a PC workstation or laptop computer (not included)-

for all data-acquisition duties. Windows®-based LoggerLight software is

included.

Measures cosine irradiance in three

user-selected wavelengths* and PAR

(400-700nm)

Serial output affords direct connection with a computer or PC-based

datalogger

Suitable for both aquatic profiling

and remote field measurements

Optional sensors for water temperature and depth

Windows®-based data-acquisition

software

Key Features

Aquatic BlC Radiometer with optional

temperature and pressure sensors

119 High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences

Specifications

Diameter: 10.2 cm

Length:20.0 cm

Depth Range: 100 m(Max operating)

Materials:PET plastic housing

Weight: 2.0 kg in air, near neutral in water

Temperature Rating: 0oC to 500C

Submersible BIC

Diameter:10.2cm

Length: 20.0 cm

Materials: Aluminum housing (anodized andpowder-coated)

Weight: 3.0 kg in air

Cosine Collector: Teflon®-covered quartz. Surface reference BlCs are optimized for use in air.

Temperature Rating: -100C to 500C

Surface Reference BIC

Bandwidth:10nmFWHM standard except 305nm (controlled by atmospheric

ozone cutoff)

Available Wavelengths:305(optional), 313, 320, 340, 380, 395, 412, 443, 455,

465, 475, 490, 510, 520， 532, 555, 565, 589, 625, 665, 670, 683, 694, 710, 765,

780，875 nm and PAR(400-700 nm)

Filter Type: Custom 5 cavity interference filters low-fluorescence design

Cosine Collector: Teflon®-covered quartz. Submersible BlCs are optimized for

use in water.

Angular Response: ±2% from 0° to 65°: ±10% from 65° to 85°

Optical Specifications

BlCs communicate with a PC or PC-based data acquisition system, using serial

(RS-232) data. Photodetector outputs are digitized with a 24-bit ADC (analog

-to-digital converter) and the reading packed into binary bytes for rapid

transmission to the computer. An identification tag is provided to separate data

streams from up to nine different BlCs running from the same comport

(DSM-2100 Digital Signal Manifold required).

Acquisition and communication.

Noise equivalent irradiance is 1 x 10-6

μE.cm-2.s-1. Maximum iradiance level in

air is typically 0.45 μE.cm-2.s-1. Dyamic

range is somewhat dependent on

wavelength and the period over

which the data acauisition svstem is

averaging the data. As a auide, data

collection with no averading will

provide over five orders of magnitude

of dynamic range; averaging over 10

second periods extends the dynamic

range to approximately 6 orders of

maqnitude.

Sensitivity and Dynamic Range.

The following are available optionally: 305 nm filter/photodetector, water

temperature and depth, BlC lowering frame, QSC-2100 underwater cable,

QSC-2145 surface reference cable, and DSM-2100 Digital Sianal Manifold to

connect multiple instruments on one serial port.

Order Separately.

5.8 - 15 VDC minimum at less than 20

mA. DSM-2100 (sold separately) can

provide needed power.

Power Reguirements.

Compact and lightweight,

BlC radiometers are very

portable and ideal for field research

High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences 120

BIR

4-Channel Radiance

Instrument

The new BlR (Biospherical Instruments Radiance) is a compact radiance-only

version of our popular PRR radiometers. The BlR is equipped to measure upwelling radiance at four user-defined channels.Available wavelengths range

from 313 to 875nm.

The BlR combines optical design elements of our PRR series, with the low-power electronics of our digital output single-channel sensors. This compact instrument features more than 5 decades of dynamic-range and is suitable for a variety of field research applications.

This instrument connects directly to a Windows PC, laptop computer, or

PC-based data acquisition system. All power is supplied by the host computer's

comport.“LOGGERLight\" Windows-based data-acquisition software is included.

The BIR is fully waterproof and rated to a depth of 100 meters. The radiometer

may be ordered with integral water temperature / depth sensors for a complete

profiling package.

Having very low power requirements (>2mA/channel), the BlR is suitable for

solar and/or battery-powered moorings. The BlR may also be backpacked into

remote locations for use in shallow ponds or mountain streams.

Measures immersed radiance at four

user-defined wavelengths*

Suitable for both profiling and

stationary field measurements

Integral sensors are available for

measurement of water temperature

and depth to 100 meters

Serial output allows direct connection to a Windows PC or PC-based

datalogging system

Very low power requirements make

the BlR ideal for use on solar /

battery-powered moorings

Windows®-based “LOGGERLight\"

data-acquisition software is included

313, 320, 330, 340, 380, 395, 412,

443, 465, 490, 510, 520, 532, 555,

565, 589, 625, 665, 670, 683, 694,

710, 765, 780, 875nm NaturalFluorescence [Luz(Chl)] is also available

Key Features

*

This 4-channel radiometer is fully

powered by the host Pc's cornport

121 High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences

The BlR communicates directly with a Windows PC, using serial (RS-232)

connection. Signals from each photodetector are digitized with a 24-bit ADC.

An identification tag is provided to separate data streams from multiple BlR

(and BlC) instruments which may be running on the same comport. The controlling PC may poll the channels for data up to several times per second.

System Electronic Specifications

The sensitivity of these radiometers range from 1 x 10-6 μE/cm2

/s in water. The

dynamic range is somewhat dependent on wavelength and how often the

data-acquisition system is averaging the data. As a guideline, data collection

with no averaging will provide over 5 orders of magnitude of dynamic range,

while averaging over 10 second intervals extends the dynamic range to approximately 6 orders of magnitude.

Sensitivity and Dynamic Range

The power reguirements of these instruments is very low, <2mA per channel, for

use on solar or battery powered moorings.

Power Requirements

Compact and lightweight, the BlR is

ideal for use in field research activities

High-quality optical instruments for the oceanographic atmospheric, water quality, biological sciences 122

Diameter:10.2 cm

Length: 20.0 cm

Depth Range: 100 m

Materials: PET plastic housing

Weight: 2.0 kg in air, near neutral in water

Temperature Rating: 0℃ to 500℃

BlR Mechanical Specifications

Optical Collector: UV-Quartz window

Spectral Range: 313-875 nm

Standard Wavelengths: 313, 320, 330, 340, 380, 395, 412, 443, 465, 490, 510,

520, 532, 555, 565, 589, 625, 665, 670, 683, 694, 710, 765, 780 and 875nm.

Natural Fluorescence [Luz(ChL)] is also available

Bandwidth:10nm FWHM standard

Detectors: Custom 13 mm2

silicon photodiodes

Filter Type: Custom low-fluorescence interference

Field of View: 10° half angle in water(SeaWiFS-compatible）

BIR Optical Specifications

Windows®based “LOGGERLight\" data

acquisition software is included

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125 Integrated Solutions For Water Quality Monitoring

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127 Integrated Solutions For Water Quality Monitoring

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preloaded

Touchscreen, Mouse, Keyboard, Stylus

USB, Wifi, Bluetooth

3 ports for USB flash drive, keyboard, mouse or

compatible external printer

Bench Space Required

Custom Protocols

Quality Control Protocols

Additional Analysis Capabilities

Color Correction

Data Storage

ISO 13485 FM 583842

Microtox® LX

129 Integrated Solutions For Water Quality Monitoring

Microtox® FX

Microtox® FX is a simple, rapid, extremely responsive, portable water quality test system. Designed for acute toxicity

screening and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) testing, MicrotoxFX uses bioluminescence technology to screen for

contamination in instances of drinking water emergencies and chemical spills into water systems. Microtox® FX is the

portable toxicity analyser used with the Microtox® technology.

The Microtox® FX instrument has a combined detection

capability that provides a very sensitive and rapid test to

detect two of the most probable classes of agents;

pathogens and toxic chemicals, that may accidently or

intentionally contaminate drinking water or wastewater.

Microtox® FX’s acute toxicity and ATP detection

capabilities make it the ideal instrument for rapidly and

accurately assessing if the quality of drinking water, from

the source to the tap, has been affected by an incident.

*Check with your Modern Water monitoring representative to

confirm compatibility with a specific test kit.

Portable Toxicity And Bio-contaminant Detection

Biological early warning system sensitive to more than

2,700 simple and complex chemicals

Fast-Reliable results available in 5 minutes after initial

sample preparation

Test results highly correlated with other widely accepted

toxicity test methods

Excellent correlation with HPC test methods

Fully portable - lightweight with sturdy field carrying

case

Battery life of up to 8 - 10 hours with typical use

Compatible with widely available ATP test kits*

Manufactured in a certified lSO 13485 quality system

with 100% lot traceability

Integrated Solutions For Water Quality Monitoring 130

Microtox® FX is designed for use in any sample location throughout the water

distribution or industrial waste water system. lt is particularly suited to remote

sites such as reservoirs, storage tanks, ocean or lake going vessels or in any

hard to reach place.

Microtox® FX is the portable version ofthe industry-leading change Model 500

(M500) to LX laboratory analyser. The Microtox® FX test is fast, simple to

conduct, uses small sample sizes and is very cost effective.Results correlate well

with those from other toxicity bioassays such as fish, daphnia and shrimp.

Microtox®FX is used extensively in the measurement of toxicity of “fit for use”

water and wastewater treatment effluent. lt is also used as an early screening

tool for relative toxicity as part of a test battery.

Microtox® FX test systems are uniquely suited for drinking water surveillance

where supplies are monitored regularly and at strategic points. lt can quickly

reveal any changes in the level of toxicity of drinking water making it the ideal

solution for major events. Microtox® has been deployed during the Summer

Olympics beginning in 1984.

In industrial and municipal wastewater, Microtox® FX helps assure compliance

with NPDES toxicity limits,measures toxicity in influent streams and determines

treatment efficiency.

Chemical contamination of drinking water and wastewater

Microtox® FX can rapidly estimate the microbial concentration of a drinking

water sample to a level of 100 cfu/mL without additional filtration or incubation

steps. The data is available in minutes and is highly correlated with standard

heterotrophic plate count methods.

Microtox® FX is extremely responsive and has been designed for use in a wide

variety of applications where it is crucial to rapidly determine the biomass of a

sample.

Microbial contamination of drinking water

Microtox® FX

131 Integrated Solutions For Water Quality Monitoring

The Microtox® FX system performs a dual function; toxicity testing and

determination of microbial contamination. The Microtox® FX test system uses a

strain of naturally occurring luminescent bacteria called Aliivibrio fischeri to

provide acute toxicity detection. The bacteria emit light as a natural part of

their metabolism. Exposure to a toxic substance causes disruption of the

respiratory process of the bacteria resulting in reduced light output. The

Microtox® FX photometer measures the light levels before and after addition of

the sample, and the reduction in light output is a measure of the toxicity ofthe

sample.

All organisms contain ATP as their main energy source and the amount of ATP in

a sample is directly proportional to the biomass of the sample.

ATP reacts with luciferin/luciferase, the enzyme system present in firefly tails, to

produce light. In the reaction, each molecule of ATP produces one photon of

light; the light output of this reaction can be accurately measured using the

very sensitive Microtox® FX instrument.

Process explained

Drinking water monitoring

Emergency response: Biological

contamination Chemical toxicity

Hazardous waste

Industrial effluent

Industrial process water

Applications

Municipal effluent

Recreational water

Soil

Sediments

Storm water

Freeze-dried luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri)

Freeze-dried -15°C to -25°C

Rehydrated 2 hours (ambient temperature)

Refrigerate

Toxicity (Q-Tox and B-Tox) and ATP measurement

1-60 minute exposure

Light output by test reagent measured after timed

exposure to a sample

Percentage light loss or gain for toxicity test

or light unit (photon) count (for ATP measurements)

<20% coefficient of variation for B-Tox and Q-Tox mode

testing

The analyser can detect photon counts from 0 to 60

million

Stand alone or download capability to PC; built in

software prompts operational steps, records light

measurements and automatically calculates results for

immediate review and further analysis

ISO 13485 FM 583842

Specifications

Size

Weight

Power

Instrument Operational Temp

Reagent Operational Temp

Dynamic Test Range

Approvals

Display Output

Data l/O

Data Storage

Data Handling

Test Reagent

Toxicity Reagent Storage

ATP Reagent Storage

Test Modes

Test Durations

Test Measurement Criterion

Results Display

Repeatability (Precision)

Sensitivity and Range

ISO Accreditation

20cm × 18cm × 10cm(8” × 7” × 4”)

1 kg (2.2 lbs)

0°C-40°C

10°C-28°C

1 to 60 million counts (approx.)

CE(European Community)

Backlight LCD -8 lines × 20 characters

Standard serial USB for data transfer and firmware

updates

6.5k byte storage area (approx. 600 reads)

Self-contained Lithium ion battery or a universal power

adapter (15 V dc @ 4 amps)

Microtox® FX

Integrated Solutions For Water Quality Monitoring 132

Automatic diagnosis and reporting of system faults

Remote data analysis and troubleshooting

Real-time and truly continuous monitoring

4-week, autonomous operating cycle

No manual intervention except for monthly maintenance

Detects thousands of chemical compounds with lower

levels of detection than most other biosensor systems

Microtox® CTM

Modern Water’s Microtox® CTM is a site-based, broad range, Continuous Toxicity Monitor (CTM). It continuously measures

the chemical toxicity of a water source, giving instant indication of water health. Microtox® CTM is a fully automatic

instrument that offers a 4-week, autonomous operating cycle and requires a low level of skill for both operation and

maintenance.

Microtox® CTM makes fully automatic, continuous, on-line

testing a reality. lt has broad-range detection capabilities

that provide rapid early warning of contamination by

several thousand known chemicals. This enables

containment measures to be actioned in time to protect

against serious contamination events. A major advantage

over most analytical methods is that Microtox® CTM is able

to detect a broad-range of contaminants whether or not

there is prior knowledge of the potential source of

contamination.

Other on-line toxicity monitors take intermittent samples

and provide only one test result in typically 15-30 minutes.

This means that brief events may be missed or lead to a

high incidence of false negatives. Microtox CTM takes two

measurements per second, significantly reducing the risk

of missed events.

Continous Toxicity Monitoring

133 Integrated Solutions For Water Quality Monitoring

Sample Requirement

Sample Temperature

Ambient Temperature

Power supply

Display

Communications

Communications Options

Consumables

Auto Calibration Interval

Standard

Waste Volume

Autosampler

Weight

Dimensions: Main Enclosure

Control Panel

Housing

Maintenance

Mounting

Optional

Certification

100 -200 ml/min at ambient pressure

5-35

5-40 ℃ with A/C option

100/240V, 50-60Hz AC, 480W

Colour, 180mm diagonal, touch sensitive

Ethernet, USB port for data download

4-20 mA, 2 relay alarm output, GPRs modem, Wifi network, LAN

Supplied frozen immediate use on site or storage at -22℃, Suitable for 4 weeks operation

User settable between 3 and 24 hours

5 mg/L zinc ion from zinc sulphate or customer specified

120 l/month -non-toxic, suitable for soak away

Takes samples on positive alarm (optional)

70kg (approx.)

1250 × 750 × 365 mm (H × W × D)

425 × 750 × 365 mm (H × W × D)

Aluminium

Typically 2 hours per month

Wall or floor

Pre-filtration, A/C option

CE, RoHS and WEEE

Biosensor tests using bioluminescent bacteria have been in use for 30 years and

their capability in detecting toxic substances is well understood. They make use

of a strain of bacteria that emits light when healthy and when exposed to toxic

substances, the amount of light emitted reduces. The greater the toxicity of the

sample, the lower the light emitted.

Measuring changes in light between healthy bacteria and bacteria exposed to

toxic substances will therefore indicate the presence of toxicity in a water

sample, whether from a single substance or a combination. Existing tests are

off-line or intermittent and reguire high levels of skilled operator intervention,

unlike Microtox® CTM.

Process Explained

Deliberate and accidental

contamination events

Waterintake protection

Potable water at point of use or in the

distribution network

Monitoring of rivers, lakes, reservoirs,

seawater, groundwater/natural

attenuation

Effluent monitoring for discharge

Recycled water

Applications

Microtox®CTM automatically and

simultaneously detects a broad range

of toxins including: metals, pesticides,

fungicides, herbicides, chlorinated

solvents, industrial chemicals. CTM also

responds to synergistic toxicity events.

This enables the detection of harmful

contaminants in waters without the

need for an extensive suite of time

consuming and expensive tests.

What It Detects

Specifications

Microtox® CTM

Integrated Solutions For Water Quality Monitoring 134

MicroTrace™ PDV

Measuring trace metals in water, soil and food has always

been a vital part of modern environmental monitoring.

Voltammetry offers an internationally accepted alternative

to laboratory analysis. Modern Water’s PDV provides

excellent on-site characterization of pollution hot spots

and contamination sources.

Trace Metal Analysis To O.5ug/L

Single instrument can be configured to measure up to 24

different metals

Analyze in the lab or the field down to 0.5 μg/L- below

drinking water regulations for many target metals

Traditional & Simplified Chinese user interface now

available (VAS only) and tablet App

More accurate, higher sensitivity and less susceptible to

interference than colorimetric methods

Excellent Correlation with Laboratory Methods (AAS,

ICP-MS) but much lower capital and operating costs.

30 years of application development, validation studies

and academic references

Solid electrodes-multi-year lifetimes and no hazardous

elemental mercury.

Standalone field instrument- compact, light weight

carrying case allows for field use

Speciation of selected metals by lability & oxidation state

AC or rechargeable battery for on-site use

High levels of accuracy and repeatability

Fast analysis on site, combined with low cost per test

allow:

immediate identification of problems

interactive sampling to locate and identify contamination

source and extent.

remediation decisions to be made onsite, saving time and

increasing efficiency

larger number of sample points, improving site

characterization cutting remediation costs

135 Integrated Solutions For Water Quality Monitoring

Standalon operation is troublesome and we introduced the tablet app to

replace it. Suggest replacing this with something like; The MicroTrace PDV now

comes with a tablet running an app specifically designed for the Microtrace

PDV. Combines greatly simplified operation using preloaded analysis menus,

step by step instructions and built in help features, with advanced analytical

options such as blank subtraction and standard addition calibration. The

upgraded product can be run either on 4 × 1.5V AA batteries, or from the mains

using the standard 8-12V DC transformer:

The MicroTrace PDV comes with the VAS software package, which is easy to use

and is compatible with Windows XP and 10 VAS enables storage and

manipulation of voltammograms, operating data and in-depth data analysis.

Our MicroTrace PDV comes equipped with a standard analytical cell which can

detect a wide range of different metals. The SV LabCell is an optional extra that

allows the use of Bi film which has performance advantages for cathodic

stripping methods(less DO interference).

The SV LabCell extends the PDV’s range of metals to include molybdenum and

uranium; it also gives a better response for nickel, cobalt and chromium at low

levels.

The SV LabCell

Academic research

Monitoring at remote locations

Contaminated land remediation

Food and feed analysis

Tracing contamination back to

source

Monitoring of rivers, lakes, reservoirs,seawater

Applications

Accidental contamination events

industrial effluent monitoring

Groundwater monitoring / natural

attenuation

Wastewater recycling and WWTP

influent monitoring

Drinking water intake and distribution

MicroTrace™ PDV

Integrated Solutions For Water Quality Monitoring 136

In Voltammetry metals are drawn onto the working electrode when a specific

voltage is applied to the water sample under test.

When a stripping voltage is applied, the metals return to the sample solution,

generating a small current. Each metal has a specific voltage at which it returns

to solution. So the metal is identified by its stripping voltage and the current

generated indicates the concentration of metal in the sample.

Process Explained

All values are dependent upon the metal(s) being analyzed and the nature of

the sample. MDL based on clean water samples.

*Requires SV Labcell

Specifications

Metal

Ag

As(III)

As(total)

Au

Bi

Cd

Co

Cr(VI)

Cr(total)

Cu

Fe

Hg

Mn

Mo

Ni

Pb

Pd

Sb(III)

Se(IV)

Sn

Te

Ti

U

Zn

Metal Name

Silver

Arsenic (lll)

Arsenic

Gold

Bismuth

Cadmium

Cobalt

Chromium (Vl)

Chromium

Copper

lron

Mercury

Manganese

Molybdenum

Nickel

Lead

Palladium

Antimony (ll)

Selenium (lV)

Tin

Tellurium

Thallium

Uranium

Zinc

PDV

0.5μg/L

0.5μg/L

0.5μg/L

2μg/L

2μg/L

0.5μg/L

10μg/L(1μg/L*)

5μg/L(1μg/L*)

10μg/L

0.5μg/L

5μg/L

5μg/L

2μg/L

1μg/L

5μg/L

0.5μg/L

5μg/L

5μg/L

5μg/L

5μg/L

10μg/L

2μg/L

1μg/L

0.5μg/L

MicroTrace™ PDV

Electrochemistr y Cell

Stirrer

Referenc e

Electrode

PDV/OVA

Wo rking Electrode

Counte r

Electrode

137 Integrated Solutions For Water Quality Monitoring

*Requires SV Labcell

Power supply

Dimensions PDV6000ultra

Dimensions SV LabCell

Working Electrode, Std. Cell

Working Electrode, SV LabCell

Counter Electrode

Reference Electrode

Cell Material

Cell Stirrer

Display

CE Compliant

Communications

Keypad

Analysis Methods Available

Waveforms Available

Voltammetry Range

Sensitivity

Variation (%CV)

Result Output

Calibration

Packing

Android Tablet App

(Tablet included with

instrument)

Portable laboratory instrument

connected to PC or laptop

AC, 110-240V or DC 8 -12V or 4 × AA batteries

360mm × 270mm × 155mm(L × W × D)

220mm × 160mm × 160mm (L × W × D). Drain tank,

solid-state electrodes and stand provided

Glassy carbon, used with a variety of films, or solid gold

Glassy carbon

Platinum

Ag/AgCl in KCl

Acrylic (Labcell only) and PTFE

DC magnetic motor and magnetically coupled stirrer

LCD graphic screen

Yes

USB

5 button keypad

Anodic stripping, Cathodic stripping

Linear sweep, square wave and differential pulse

-2.0V to +2.0V(3.3V factory option)

2 nA

5 to 10%

Voltammetry curves, element concentration(s),

historical data

Standard comparison or standard addition

Sturdy water-proof carry case

Pre loaded application menus

Step by step in-app instructions Sample picture and

GPS

All data saved and exportable

Blank subtraction, standard addition and other

analytical tools

Windows OS: 7 and 10

VAS software, making the instrument a top of the

range voltammetry instrument

Automatic data saving, graph optimisation, print

facility for all data, reports and graphs

Microtrace PDV with Standard Cell Specifications MicroTrace™ PDV

Integrated Solutions For Water Quality Monitoring 138

117 Integrated Solutions For Water Quality Monitoring

MicroTrace™ OVA7100

Measuring trace metals in water streams, whether its

drinking water, ground water, river water, factory effluent,

soil washings or WWTP discharge is a vital part of modern

environmental monitoring. Voltammetry offers an

internationally accepted alternative to laboratory analysis

or automatic samplers. Modern Water's range of OVA

products are cost effective, accurate, simple to use and

easy to integrate into existing systems.

On-line Metal Monitor

Can be configured to monitor 23 different metals

Very low detection levels (down to 0.1 μg/L*)

High levels of accuracy and repeatability-Excellent

Correlation with Laboratory Methods (AAS, ICP-MS)

24-hour monitoring at high frequency can identify and

isolate events that daily average sampling may miss

Short analysis times allow identification of events as they

occur - laboratory analysis typically identifies an event

only after it occurred

Single cell unit can measure up to six metals.

Programmable alarm and outputs for out-of-range

samples or system faults.

Remote access and data communication with many

different secure communication options available

including wireless

Easy connection to process control room allows

integration into automated plant control systems (dosing,

flow diversion)

Pre-treatment options available to eliminate

interferences and allow total and dissolved

concentrations to be monitored

Solid electrodes-no hazardous mercury drop electrodes

Automated testing of pump operation and reagent /

sample supply

Standard addition or multiple point calibration curve

options

Multiple language interface options -including traditiona

and simplified Chinese

Online technical support (requires internet connection)

In Voltammetry metals are drawn onto the working

electrode when a specific voltage is applied to the water

sample under test.

When a stripping voltage is applied, the metals return to

the sample solution, generating a small current. Each metal

has a specific voltage at which it returns to solution. So the

metal is identified by its stripping voltage and the current

generated indicates the concentration of metal in the

sample.

Process Explained

Electrochemistr y Cell

Stirrer

Referenc e

Electrode

PDV/OVA

Wo rking Electrode

Counte r

Electrode

139 Integrated Solutions For Water Quality Monitoring

Accidental or deliberate

contamination events

Drinking water intake and

distribution

Groundwater monitoring / natural

attenuation

Applications

Industrial effuent monitoring

Mining and metals processing

Monitoring of rivers, lakes,

reservoirs, seawater

Wastewater recycling and WWTP

influent monitoring

The OVA7100 can detect a range of metals (for example: As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni,

Pb, Se, Tl, Zn, and others) to single figure μg/l levels (typically 0.5-5μg/l).

Colour or turbidity does not affect the method. Samples range from waste

water, process water, river water to drinking water.

Acid / UV digest and filtration are treatment options.

What it detects

Specifications

Working Electrode

Counter Electrode

Reference Electrode

Cell Material

Cell Stirrer

Cell Volume

Drain

CE Compliant

Voltammetry Range

Sensitivity

Analysis methods available

Waveforms available

Calibration

Result Output

Variation (% CV)*

Operating Software

Power supply

Operating Temp

Humidity

IP Rating

Communications

Outputs

Mass

Application Software

Dimensions

Glassy carbon, used with a variety of films, or solid gold

Platinum

Ag/AgCl in KCl

Acrylic and PTFE

Adjustable speed stirrer

10 ml nominal

Pumped to waste

YES

-2V to +2V

InA

Anodic stripping, Cathodic stripping

Linear sweep, square wave and differential pulse

Standard comparison and standard addition option

Voltammetry curves, element concentration(s), historical data

5 to 10%

Windows 10 Enterprise (lOT)

90 to 260V AC standard. DC options available

5°C-60°C

5%-95% non-condensing

IP 65

LAN Modbus TCP/IP, wireless, USB

12V alarm. Serial RS 485 (default). RS422 or RS232 optional

1400mm (analytical compartment 700mm, reagent

compartment 700mm) × 482mm × 400mm(H × W × D)

22 kg (analyser)

LabView OVA7100

*All values are dependent upon the metal(s) being analysed and the nature of

the sample

15” touch screen control panel in box, lP65 rated

4-20mA output

Pre-treatment cell for sample digest and sample acidification for total metal

content

UV pre-treatment for samples with high organic content

External pump and filter unit, can be used either for removing coarse solids or

to bring samples to the instrument from up to 50m away. ldeally suited for

river monitoring, but can be used in WWT plants and factories

OVA7100 Options

MicroTrace™ OVA7100

Integrated Solutions For Water Quality Monitoring 140

sales@zealquest.com

www.zealquestgroup.eu(NL)

www.zealquest-asia.sg(SG)

Zealquest AI Netherlands B.V.

Delftweg 50, 2289 AL Rijswijk, The Netherlands

Zealquest Asia Pte.Ltd

101, Thomson Road #28-03A United Square Singapore 307591