该页无缩略图
A
D
C
B/b
182
倒角铣 刀Chamfer Milling Tool
1
1
2
2
3
3
45
45
45
45
45
45
12
12
25
25
32
32
28.1
28.1
41.3
41.3
49.3
49.3
40
40
40
40
40
40
20
20
25
25
32
32
P
W
P
W
P
W
KAPR
CM451-P20-12-1-SP12-100
CM451-W20-12-1-SP12-100
CM451-P25-25-2-SP12-120
CM451-W25-25-2-SP12-120
CM451-P32-32-3-SP12-180
CM451-W32-32-3-SP12-180
100
100
120
120
180
180
DC DCX LH LF DCON BD APMX
15
15
24
24
30
30
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.3
0.2
0.2
0.8
0.6
1.1
1.1
LF
LH
DCXDC
KAPR
APMX
BD
DCON
型号
Type
刃数
Edge
重量
Weight
刀具附件Accessories
SPMT120408 TL60 M5×13 T20
刀片螺钉
Insert Screw
扳手
Wrench
适用刀片
Applicable Insert
接口
形式
Inter
Face
P157
40
40
40
40
40
40
20
20
25
25
32
32
P
W
P
W
P
W
KAPR
100
100
120
120
180
180
DC DCX LH LF DCON BD APMX
14
14
20
20
26
26
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.5
0.2
0.2
0.8
0.6
1.1
1.1
1
1
2
2
2
2
30
30
30
30
30
30
12
12
25
25
32
32
23.3
23.3
36.3
36.3
43.3
43.3
CM601-P20-12-1-SP12-100
CM601-W20-12-1-SP12-100
CM601-P25-25-2-SP12-120
CM601-W25-25-2-SP12-120
CM601-P32-32-2-SP12-180
CM601-W32-32-2-SP12-180
LF
LH
DCXDC
KAPR
APMX
BD
DCON
倒角铣 刀Chamfer Milling Tool
A D C B/b 型号
Type
刃数
Edge
重量
Weight
刀具附件Accessories
SPMT120408 TL60 M5×13 T20
刀片螺钉
Insert Screw
扳手
Wrench
适用刀片
Applicable Insert
接口
形式
Inter
Face
183P157
A
D
C
B/b DC
LF
LH
DCX
KAPR
APMX
BD
DCON
1
1
2
2
3
3
60
60
60
60
60
60
12
12
25
25
32
32
32
32
45.4
45.4
52
52
40
40
40
40
50
50
20
20
25
25
32
32
P
W
P
W
P
W
KAPR
CM301-P20-12-1-SP12-100
CM301-W20-12-1-SP12-100
CM301-P25-25-2-SP12-120
CM301-W25-25-2-SP12-120
CM301-P32-32-3-SP12-180
CM301-W32-32-3-SP12-180
100
100
120
120
180
180
DC DCX LH LF DCON BD APMX
19
19
24
24
30
30
5
5
5
5
5
5
0.2
0.2
0.8
0.6
1.1
1.1
倒角铣 刀Chamfer Milling Tool
型号
Type
刃数
Edge
重量
Weight
刀具附件Accessories
SPMT120408 TL60 M5×13 T20
刀片螺钉
Insert Screw
扳手
Wrench
适用刀片
Applicable Insert
接口
形式
Inter
Face
184
P157
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
20
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
32
32
32
32
32
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
25
25
25
25
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
40
40
40
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
50
50
50
50
56
56
56
56
56
56
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
70
70
70
70
70
96
98
100
102
118
120
121
123
125
128
130
132
134
136
138
147
149
151
153
155
157
174
176
178
180
182
184
186
188
型号
Type
基本尺寸 Dimensions(mm)
D ΦD1 ΦD2 L1 L2 L
可转位浅孔钻 Indexable Drilling Inserts Tool Holder A D B 189 C/b UDR01-D13-W20-2X
UDR01-D14-W20-2X
UDR01-D15-W20-2X
UDR01-D16-W20-2X
UDR01-D17-W25-2X
UDR01-D18-W25-2X
UDR01-D19-W25-2X
UDR01-D20-W25-2X
UDR01-D21-W25-2X
UDR01-D22-W25-2X
UDR01-D23-W25-2X
UDR01-D24-W25-2X
UDR01-D25-W25-2X
UDR01-D26-W32-2X
UDR01-D27-W32-2X
UDR01-D28-W32-2X
UDR01-D29-W32-2X
UDR01-D30-W32-2X
UDR01-D31-W40-2X
UDR01-D32-W40-2X
UDR01-D33-W40-2X
UDR01-D34-W40-2X
UDR01-D35-W40-2X
UDR01-D36-W40-2X
UDR01-D37-W40-2X
UDR01-D38-W40-2X
UDR01-D39-W40-2X
UDR01-D40-W40-2X
UDR01-D41-W40-2X
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
90
92
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
200
202
204
206
208
210
212
214
216
型号
Type
基本尺寸 Dimensions(mm)
D ΦD1 ΦD2 L1 L2 L
13-16
17-21
22-27
28-33
34-41
42-50
L60 M2×4.3
L60 M2.2×5.5
L60 M2.5×6.5
L60 M3.5×8
L60 M4×10
L60 M5×13
直径
Diameter
螺钉
Screw
刀具附件Accessories
适用刀片
Insert
T06
T07
T08
T15
T15
T20
扳手
Wrench
可转位浅孔钻
A
D
B
190
C/b
SPGT050204-OPM
SPGT060204-OPM
SPGT07T308-OPM
SPGT090408-OPM
SPGT110408-OPM
SPGT140512-OPM
UDR01-D42-W40-2X
UDR01-D43-W40-2X
UDR01-D44-W40-2X
UDR01-D45-W40-2X
UDR01-D46-W40-2X
UDR01-D47-W40-2X
UDR01-D48-W40-2X
UDR01-D49-W40-2X
UDR01-D50-W40-2X
Indexable Drilling Inserts Tool Holder
UDR01-D13-W20-3X
UDR01-D14-W20-3X
UDR01-D15-W20-3X
UDR01-D16-W20-3X
UDR01-D17-W25-3X
UDR01-D18-W25-3X
UDR01-D19-W25-3X
UDR01-D20-W25-3X
UDR01-D21-W25-3X
UDR01-D22-W25-3X
UDR01-D23-W25-3X
UDR01-D24-W25-3X
UDR01-D25-W25-3X
UDR01-D26-W32-3X
UDR01-D27-W32-3X
UDR01-D28-W32-3X
UDR01-D29-W32-3X
UDR01-D30-W32-3X
UDR01-D31-W40-3X
UDR01-D32-W40-3X
UDR01-D33-W40-3X
UDR01-D34-W40-3X
UDR01-D35-W40-3X
UDR01-D36-W40-3X
UDR01-D37-W40-3X
UDR01-D38-W40-3X
UDR01-D39-W40-3X
UDR01-D40-W40-3X
UDR01-D41-W40-3X
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
20
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
32
32
32
32
32
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
25
25
25
25
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
40
40
40
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
44
47
50
53
56
59
62
65
68
71
74
77
80
83
86
89
92
95
98
101
104
107
110
113
117
119
122
125
128
50
50
50
50
56
56
56
56
56
56
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
70
70
70
70
70
111
114
127
120
135
138
140
143
146
149
153
156
159
162
165
168
178
181
184
187
190
193
196
199
217
220
223
231
229
型号
Type
基本尺寸 Dimensions(mm)
D ΦD1 ΦD2 L1 L2 L
可转位浅孔钻 A D B C/b Indexable Drilling Inserts Tool Holder 191
UDR01-D42-W40-3X
UDR01-D43-W40-3X
UDR01-D44-W40-3X
UDR01-D45-W40-3X
UDR01-D46-W40-3X
UDR01-D47-W40-3X
UDR01-D48-W40-3X
UDR01-D49-W40-3X
UDR01-D50-W40-3X
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
131
134
138
141
144
147
149
152
155
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
232
240
248
251
254
257
260
263
266
型号
Type
基本尺寸 Dimensions(mm)
D ΦD1 ΦD2 L1 L2 L
SPGT050204-OPM
SPGT060204-OPM
SPGT07T308-OPM
SPGT090408-OPM
SPGT110408-OPM
SPGT140512-OPM
13-16
17-21
22-27
28-33
34-41
42-50
L60 M2×4.3
L60 M2.2×5.5
L60 M2.5×6.5
L60 M3.5×8
L60 M4×10
L60 M5×13
直径
Diameter
螺钉
Screw
刀具附件Accessories
适用刀片
Insert
T06
T07
T08
T15
T15
T20
扳手
Wrench
可转位浅孔钻
A
D
B
C/b
Indexable Drilling Inserts Tool Holder
192
可转位浅孔钻 UDR01-D13-W20-4X
UDR01-D14-W20-4X
UDR01-D15-W20-4X
UDR01-D16-W20-4X
UDR01-D17-W25-4X
UDR01-D18-W25-4X
UDR01-D19-W25-4X
UDR01-D20-W25-4X
UDR01-D21-W25-4X
UDR01-D22-W25-4X
UDR01-D23-W32-4X
UDR01-D24-W32-4X
UDR01-D25-W32-4X
UDR01-D26-W32-4X
UDR01-D27-W32-4X
UDR01-D28-W32-4X
UDR01-D29-W32-4X
UDR01-D30-W32-4X
UDR01-D31-W40-4X
UDR01-D32-W40-4X
UDR01-D33-W40-4X
UDR01-D34-W40-4X
UDR01-D35-W40-4X
UDR01-D36-W40-4X
UDR01-D37-W40-4X
UDR01-D38-W40-4X
UDR01-D39-W40-4X
UDR01-D40-W40-4X
UDR01-D41-W40-4X
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
20
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
32
32
32
32
32
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
25
25
25
25
32
32
32
32
32
32
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
57
61
65
69
73
77
81
85
89
93
97
101
105
109
113
118
122
125
129
133
137
142
146
150
154
158
162
166
170
50
50
50
50
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
60
60
60
60
60
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
124
128
132
136
152
156
159
163
167
172
176
180
184
188
192
203
207
211
215
219
223
242
246
250
254
258
262
266
270
型号
Type
基本尺寸 Dimensions(mm)
ΦD ΦD1 ΦD2 L1 L2 L
A D B C/b Indexable Drilling Inserts Tool Holder 193
可转位浅孔钻
UDR01-D42-W40-4X
UDR01-D43-W40-4X
UDR01-D44-W40-4X
UDR01-D45-W40-4X
UDR01-D46-W40-4X
UDR01-D47-W40-4X
UDR01-D48-W40-4X
UDR01-D49-W40-4X
UDR01-D50-W40-4X
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
174
178
182
186
190
194
198
202
206
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
284
288
292
296
300
304
307
312
316
型号
Type
基本尺寸 Dimensions(mm)
D ΦD1 ΦD2 L1 L2 L
SPGT050204-OPM
SPGT060204-OPM
SPGT07T308-OPM
SPGT090408-OPM
SPGT110408-OPM
SPGT140512-OPM
13-16
17-21
22-27
28-33
34-41
42-50
L60 M2×4.3
L60 M2.2×5.5
L60 M2.5×6.5
L60 M3.5×8
L60 M4×10
L60 M5×13
直径
Diameter
螺钉
Screw
刀具附件Accessories
适用刀片
Insert
T06
T07
T08
T15
T15
T20
扳手
Wrench
A
D
B
C/b
Indexable Drilling Inserts Tool Holder
194
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
UDR02-D16-W25-3X
UDR02-D17-W25-3X
UDR02-D18-W25-3X
UDR02-D19-W25-3X
UDR02-D20-W25-3X
UDR02-D21-W25-3X
UDR02-D22-W25-3X
UDR02-D23-W25-3X
UDR02-D24-W25-3X
UDR02-D25-W25-3X
UDR02-D26-W32-3X
UDR02-D27-W32-3X
UDR02-D28-W32-3X
UDR02-D29-W32-3X
UDR02-D30-W32-3X
UDR02-D31-W40-3X
UDR02-D32-W40-3X
UDR02-D33-W40-3X
UDR02-D34-W40-3X
UDR02-D35-W40-3X
UDR02-D36-W40-3X
UDR02-D37-W40-3X
UDR02-D38-W40-3X
UDR02-D39-W40-3X
UDR02-D40-W40-3X
UDR02-D41-W40-3X
UDR02-D42-W40-3X
UDR02-D43-W40-3X
UDR02-D44-W40-3X
UDR02-D45-W40-3X
UDR02-D46-W40-3X
UDR02-D47-W40-3X
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
32
32
32
32
32
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
40
40
40
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
60
60
60
60
60
60
52
55
58
61
64
67
70
73
76
79
83
86
89
92
95
98
101
104
107
110
113
116
119
122
125
128
131
134
137
140
143
146
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
60
60
60
60
60
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
129
133
137
140
143
153
156
159
162
165
176
180
184
188
192
203
206
209
212
215
218
221
225
228
231
234
239
242
245
248
251
253
型号
Type
基本尺寸 Dimensions(mm)
ΦD ΦD1 ΦD2 L1 L2 L
可转位浅孔钻 A D B C/b Indexable Drilling Inserts Tool Holder 195
UDR02-D48-W40-3X
UDR02-D49-W40-3X
UDR02-D50-W40-3X
UDR02-D51-W50-3X
UDR02-D52-W50-3X
UDR02-D53-W50-3X
UDR02-D54-W50-3X
UDR02-D55-W50-3X
UDR02-D56-W50-3X
UDR02-D57-W50-3X
UDR02-D58-W50-3X
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
40
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
149
152
155
158
161
164
167
170
173
176
179
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
255
257
259
261
263
265
267
269
271
273
275
型号
Type
基本尺寸 Dimensions(mm)
D ΦD1 ΦD2 L1 L2 L
WCMX030208-ZK
WCMX040208-ZK
WCMX050308-ZK
WCMX06T308-ZK
WCMX080412-ZK
16-20
21-25
26-30
31-41
42-58
L60 M2.5×6.5
L60 M2.5×6.5
L60 M3×8
L60 M3.5×8
L60 M4×10
直径
Diameter
螺钉
Screw
刀具附件Accessories
适用刀片
Insert
T08
T08
T10
T15
T15
扳手
Wrench
可转位浅孔钻
A
D
B
C/b
Indexable Drilling Inserts Tool Holder
196
D 技术信息
D-1 车削刀具 Turning Tools
D-2
D-3
D-4
199-216
217-222
223-229
231-242
铣削刀具 Milling Tools
应用案例 Application Cases
钻削刀具 Drilling Tools
D-5 通用技术信息 General Technical Guide 243-262
Technical Information
D-1
车削刀具 Turning Tools
技术信息
A D/1 C
B 199Technical Information
普通车削刀片牌号与槽型推荐组合
Recommend Collocation of General Turning Grades and Chip Breakers
P类加工
ISO P Steel
M类加工
ISO M Stainless Steel
K类加工
ISO K Cast lron
OPR OC2125
OTR OC2125
OPM OC2125
OTM OC2125
OPF OC2115
OTF OC2115
OMF OP1215
MF OP1215 OP1315
MSF OP1215 OP1315
OMM OC4315 OP1215
OTM OP1215
OTF OP1215
OC3215
OC3220
A
D/1
B
C
粗加工 半精加工 精加工
OC3210
无槽
Flat
(None chip breaker)
通槽
General chip breaker
200
Finishing Semi Finishing Roughing
OC2325
OC2325
OC2325S
OC2325S
OC2325
OP1315
OP1315
OP1315
OP1315
OKR OC3215
OC3220
OC2325S
S类加工
ISO S Cast lron
SMM OP1105
OP6215
OSM
OP6215
OP1105
OKM OC3210
OC2325S
车削刀片推荐切削用量
Recommended Cutting Parameters on Different Grades
ISO
加工材料 碳素钢
Carbon steel
HB120-180 HB180-240 HB240-350
Materials
硬度
Hardness
合金钢 调质钢
Alloy steel Hardened and tempered steel
P类
ISO
加工材料 奥氏体
Austenite
HB120-200 HB330
Materials
硬度
Hardness
马氏体
Martensite
M类
ISO
加工材料
HB150-220 HB140-220
Materials
硬度
Hardness
灰口铸铁
Grey cast Iron
球墨铸铁
Nodular cast Iron
K类
ISO
HB60
加工材料
Materials
硬度
Hardness
铝合金
Aluminium alloy
N类
IOS P
IOS M
IOS K
IOS N
201A D/1 C
B
车削刀片推荐切削用量
OC2015
450-200
320-140
200-80
480-260
340-150
220-80
430-180
300-130
190-70
460-240
330-150
210-70
速度Vc(m/min)
牌号
Grade OC2025 OC2115 OC2125
OC4015
200-100
200-140
190-90
210-130
210-110
220-140
220-100
260-170
牌号
Grade OC4025 OC4225 OP1205
OC3015
280-160
280-140
400-190
300-150
380-200
220-110
牌号
Grade OC3115D OC3215
OK434
900-400 速度
Vc(m/min)
牌号
Grade
Recommended Cutting Parameters on Different Grades
202
A
D/1
B
C
材料
Materials
材料
Materials
速度Vc(m/min)速度Vc(m/min)
材料
Materials
碳素钢
Carbon steel
合金钢
Alloy steel
调质钢
Hardened and tempered steel
奥氏体
Austenite
马氏体
Martensite
灰口铸铁
Grey cast Iron
球墨铸铁
Nodular cast Iron
车削加工常见问题及解决方案
Common Problems and Solutions for Turning
刀具材料 切削条件 刀具形状 机床装夹
解决办法
常见问题
原因
刀尖
磨损
过大
加工中
精度超标
表面精度恶化 表面质量差
发热 切削
热的影响
加工中
尺寸波动
后刀面前刀
面磨损增大
微崩
积屑瘤
热龟裂
刀具寿命
长切屑缠绕
钢、铝
产生毛刺
铸铁，塌边
软钢、毛边
切削太短、
导致飞溅
切削刃刀尖
部分变形
尺寸
精度差刀具切削刃损伤切屑控制毛刺塌边
切削刃几何形状不合适
切削条件不适合
振动、发颤
积屑瘤
切削条件不适合
切削刃几何形状不适合
刀片精度不适合
工件、刀具位置偏移
后刀面磨损
前刀面磨损
振动、冲击
在断续切削大进给时发生
工件材料的硬度与刀具
材料和切削条件不适应
工件硬度与刀具
切削条件不适合
切削条件不适合
材料、切削条件不适合
刀刃几何形状不合适
切削条件不适合
刀刃几何形状不合适
切削条件不适合
刀具磨损、几何形状不合适
切削条件不适合
刀具磨损、几何形状不合适
切削条件不适合
刀具磨损、几何形状不合适
后刀面磨损增大
切削条件不适合
切削刃缺损
刀具磨损增大、
刀刃不够锋利 ◎ ◎
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硬度更高的材料 韧性更好的材料 刀尖圆弧半径 主偏角 切削刃强度 提高刀片精度 提高刀柄刚性 工件刀柄装夹 刀柄悬伸
动
力
、
机
床
间
隙
进给切深
切 前角
削
液 改变刀片槽型 切削速度
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◎
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203A D/1 C
B
车削加工常见问题及解决方案
Cutting Conditions Tool Shape
Setting/
Machine
Insert
Grade Harder Grade Tougher Grade
Corner Radius Setting Angle Edge Strength Change to Higher Tolerance Toolholder Rigidity Workpiece/Tool Installation Overhang Length Power,Rigidity
Vc Fn
Rake
Ap Angle Coolant Chip Breaker Review
Solutions
FAQ
Reason
Accuracy
Out Tolerance
Surface Accuracy Deterioration
Poor Roughness Of Surface
Heat Cutting Heat
Factors
Variation of
Dimension
Wear
Increase at
Relief Face
Chipping
Built-up Egde
Comp Cracks
Edge Nose
Deformation
Tool Life
Long,
Tangling Chips
Chips
Scattering
Steel,
AluminumBurr
Iron Cast,
Turned-down
Edge
Soft Steel,
Turned-down
Edge
of Accuracy Deterioration Edge Damage Chip Control Burrs Turned-down Edge
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Too Much Wear On Nose
Wear Increase
at Flank Wear
Unsuitable Cutting
Conditions
Tool wearness Increasing,
Cutting Edge not Sharp
Cutting Edge Chipping
Unsuitable Geometry
Unsuitable Cutting
Conditions
Vibration,Chattering
Built-up Edge
Unsuitable Cutting
Conditions
Unsuitable Geometry
Unsuitable Insert Accuracy
Position Offset of
Workpiece and Tool
Flank Wear
Rake Face Wear
Vibration,Shock
Unsuitable Workpiece
Hardness and Cutting Conditions
Unsuited Tool’s Material and Cutting
Condition to Workpiece Material
Interrupted Cutting
Unsuitable Material
and Cutting Conditions
Unsuitable
Cutting Conditions
Unsuitable Geometry
on cutting edge
Unsuitable
Cutting Conditions
Insert Wear,
Unsuitable Geometry
Unsuitable
Cutting Conditions
Insert Wear,
Unsuitable Geometry
Unsuitable
Cutting Conditions
Insert Wear,
Unsuitable Geometry
Unsuitable
Cutting Conditions
Unsuited Material
and Cutting Condition
◎
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Common Problems and Solutions for Turning
204
A
D/1
B
C
刀具磨损及解决方案
Tool Wear and Solution
提高切削速度
增大前角
选用亲和力小的刀具材料
（涂层、金属陶瓷等）
积屑瘤（粘结）
工件材料溶结到刀具切削刃精加工表面恶化，
切削阻力增加，加工软性材料 。 切削速度低，
切削刃不锋利，
刀具材料不适合。
塑性变形（刀刃塌下）
工件尺寸变化，刀尖磨损，
刀刃折皱或纯化加工合金钢产生。 刀具材料过软
切削速度过高
切削深度、进给量太大
切削刃温度过高
选用高耐磨性刀具材料
降低切削速度
减小切削深度进给量
选用导热系数高的刀具材料
（CVD和充分的切削液）
刀片破裂
刀具材料过硬
进给量大
切削刃强度不足
刀杆，刀柄刚性不足
选用韧性好的刀具材料
降低进给量
加大刃口修磨量（倒棱改倒圆）
改善工件及刀具刚性
切削阻力增加表面粗糙度恶化。
崩刃
突发性崩刃（前后刀面），
刀具寿命不稳定。 刀具材料过硬
进给量大
切削刃强度不足
刀杆、刀柄刚性不足
先用韧性好的刀具材料
降低进给量
加大刃口修磨量（倒棱改倒圆）
加大刀具刚性和主偏角
前刀面磨损（月牙洼磨损）
断屑控制不好，精加工表面恶化，
高速加工碳钢的情况下出现。 刀具材料过软
切削速度过高
进给量太大
槽型强度太小
选用高耐磨性刀具材料
降低切削速度
降低进给量
选用强度更大的刀片槽型
后刀面磨损
切削阻力增加，后刀面逐渐形成沟槽磨损。
表面质量变差或尺寸超差 刀具材料过软
切削速度过高
后角过小
进给量太小
选用高耐磨性刀具材料
降低切削速度
增大后角
加大进给量
刀具磨损/破损形式 现象 原因 解决方案
热龟裂
由于热循环而崩损（多出现在铣削和断续切削）
刀具材料过硬，
切削热引起的膨胀与收缩
（冷热循环）
干式切削或提供充足冷却液
选用韧性好更抗热冲击力的刀具材料
剥落
多出现在高硬度材料、有振动的切削
切削刃上粘结 切屑排出不畅 增大前角使切削刃锋利
增大刀片容屑槽。
切深处沟槽磨损
切深处的局部失效，局部崩刃，
局部月牙洼。
加工硬化材料、氧化皮、高温合金等
选用高耐磨性的CVD涂层材质
采用锥形切削（变切深）
减少主偏角
205A D/1 C
B
刀具磨损及解决方案
Tool Wear and Solution
Uncontrolled chip
Poor surface quality
when finishing
High speed processing
carbon steel
Sudden fracture of cutting edge
(rake face and flank)
Instability insert life
Higher cutting resistance
Notch wear on flank
Poor roughness of surface
or deterioration of accuracy.
Soft grades
Excessive cutting speed
Small flank angle
Low feed
Select a higher
wear-resistant grade
Reduce cutting speed
Increase flank angle
Increase feed
Soft grades
Excessive cutting speed
Excessive feed
The strength of chip breaker
Insufficiet
Toughness insufficient
Excessive feed rate
Strength of cutting edge insufficient
Instability of the tool
Soft grade
Excessive cutting speed
Excessive cutting depth and feed rate
Overheat on cutting edge
Cutting speed too low
Cutting edge obtuse
Unsuitable tool material
Toughness of tool grade insufficient
Swell and shrink by cutting
heat(cold-thermocyling)
Processing hardened material,
oxide-scale,superalloy
Build-up edge
Uncontrolled chip
Toughness insufficient
Excessive feed rate
Strength of cutting edge insufficient
Instability of the tool
Change to a higher wear-resistant grade
Reduce cutting speed
Reduce feed
Select a higher strength chip breaker
Select a tougher grade
Decrease feed rate
Increase honing of cutting edge
(chamfering to rounding)
Increase the stability and setting angle
Select a tougher grade
Decrease feed rate
Increase honing of cutting edge
(chamfering to rounding)
Increase the stability and setting angle
Select a higher red hardness cutting material
Decrease cutting speed
Decrease cutting depth and feed rate
Select a higher thermal conductivity
cutting material(CVD+sufficient coolant)
Cutting resistance increased
Poor surface
roughness
Variation of dimension
Nose wear,cutting edge
drape or passivating,
when processing alloy steel
Poor surface roughness
Workpiece dissolve with Cutting edge
Poor surface roughness when finishing
Cutting resistance increased
Cutting soft materials
Crack by heat cycle
(often happen in milling
and interrupted cutting)
Often in instability cutting
and cutting high-hardness
materials
Increase rake angle
Increase chip breaker
Select a higher wear-resistance CVD
grade Adopt taper cutting
(variable cutting depth)
Decrease setting angle
Notch partial failure Partial chipping
Partial cratering
Tool Wear Types Situation Reason Solutions
Increase cutting speed
Increase rake angle
Select small sticking force
Cutting without coolant/Sufficient
coolant
Select a tougher and more thermal
shock resistance grade
206
A
D/1
B
C
Flank Wear
Crater Wear
Chipping
Insert Fracture
Plastic Deformation
Build-Up-Edge
Themal Crack
Flaking
Notch Wear
一、车刀各部分的名称
前角增大使切削刃锋利，切屑流出阻力小，摩擦力小，切削变形小，因此切削力和切削功率小，切削温度低，刀具磨损小，加工
表面质量高。但过大前角使刀具的刚性和强度降低，热量不易传散，刀具磨损和破损严重，刀具寿命低。在确定刀具前角时，应根据
加工条件考虑选择。
二、前角的影响
Larger rake angle makes cutting edge sharper.reduces resistant forces of chip flow.diminishes friction and prevent deformation.leading to
smaller,less abrasion and higher surface quality.However,too large rake angle would reduce the rigidity and strength of tool.Heat can’t be
diffused easily,Serious breakage and abrasion on tool would occur,reducing too life.Please choose rake angle according to machining conditions.
选值
Value selection
具体情况
Situations
小前角
Small rake angle
大前角
Big rake angle
1. 加工脆性材料和硬材料时
2.粗 加工和断续切削时
When machining brittle and hard materials;
When roughing and interrupted cutting
1. 加工塑性材料和软材料时
2.精 加工时
When machining Plastic or soft materials;
When finishing;
Names of Turning Holder Parts
Effects of Rake Angle
车削刀具各部分作用
The Names of Each Part of Turning Tool
前刀面
副后刀面
主后刀面
Primary
dlearance angle
Minor angle
Rake angie
Incined angle
Nos radius
Nose height
secondary clearance angle
Total length
Toolholder height
Width of holder
Cutting edge
Shim
Primary fiank
Nose
Secondary clearance face
Secondary
cutting edge
Rake face
Insert
Tool holder
207A D/1 C
B
车削刀具各部分作用
后角在加工中的主要作用是减小刀具后刀面与加工表面的摩擦。当前角固定时，后角的增大能增大刀刃的锋利程度，切削力减小，
摩擦减小，故加工表面质量高；但是过大的后角使切削刃强度降低，散热条件差，磨损量大，因此刀具寿命降低。
后角选择原则是：在摩擦不严重的情况下，选择较小的后角。
三、后角的影响
The main function of clearance angle to reduce the friction between the clearance face of tool and the surface of workpiece.When the
rake angle is fixed,larger clearance angle can increase and the achieve higher surface quality.However,if clearance angle is too large,the strength
of cutting edge would decrease.Also,heat can’t be diffused easily and serious abrious would occur,reducing tool life.
The principle of choosing clearance angle:Choose small cleara-nce angle if friction is not serious
选值
Value selection
具体情况
Situations
小后角
Small clearance angle
大后角
Large clearance angle
1. 粗加工时为提高刀尖强度
2.加 工脆性材料和硬材料时
In order to increase nose strength when roughing
When machining brittle and hard materials
1. 精加工时为了减少摩擦
2.加 工易产生硬化层的材料时
In order to reduce friction when finishing
When machining materials easy to be hardened;
Effects of Clearance Angle
The Names of Each Part of Turning Tool
208
A
D/1
B
C
车削刀具各部分作用
刃倾角的正负决定了切屑的排出方向，还影响刀尖强度和抗冲击性能。
（2）如下图所示，当刃倾角为正时，即刀尖相对于车
刀的底平面处于最高点，切屑流向工件未加工表面。
(1)如 下图所示，当刃倾角为负时，即刀尖相对于车刀的
底平面处于最低点， 切屑流向工件已加工表面。
刃倾角的变化还能影响刀尖的强度和抗冲击性能。当刃倾角取负值时，刀尖在切削刃的最低点，切削刃切入工件时，切入点在切
削刃或前刀面，保护刀尖免受冲击，增强刀尖强度。一般大前角刀具通常选用负的刃倾角，既可增强刀尖强度，又可避免刀尖切入时
产生的冲击。
Positive or negative inclined angle determines the direction of chip flow,and also affects the strength and
impact resistance of insert nose.
As diagram(1)shows,when the inclined angle is
negative,namely nose is in the lowest point as
apposed to eht bottom of tool,chips flow to the
machined surface of workpiece.
As diagram(2)shows,when inclined angle is
positive.namely the nose is in the highest point as
apposed to the bottom of the tool,chips flow to the
areas of workpiece surface that haven’t been
machined.
The change of inclined angle also affects insert nose strength and impact resistance.When the inclined angle is
negative.the nose is in the lowest point of cutting edge.When the cutting edge enters the workpiece,the contacting
point is on the cutting edge or rake face,proteting the nose from impact and increase the strength of the
nose.Normally,negative inclined angle should be chosen for tools with big rake angle.This can not only increase nose
strength.But also prevent the impact of entry.
四、刃倾角的作用 Effects of Inclined Angle
The Names of Each Part of Turning Tool
209A D/1 C
B Negative inclined angle Positive inclined angle
减小主偏角可以使刀具强度提高，散热条件好，加工表面粗糙度小。这是因为主偏角小时，切削宽度长，故单位切削刃长度上受力
小。同时主偏角减小能提高刀具的寿命。
Reduces approaching angle increases the strength of tools and enable heat to diffuse easily,improving surface
quality.This is becauce when the approach angle is small,cutting edge width is large,and then the unit width of cutting
edge bears less cutting force.Meanwhile, tool life can be improved.
选值
Value selection
具体情况
Situations
小主偏角
Small approach
大主偏角
Big approach angle
高强度、高硬度和表面有硬化层的材料
For those materials with high intensity,high hardness and hardened layer on the surface
机床刚性不足时
When rigidity of the machine is not enough
通常，在车细长轴和阶梯轴时，选90°主偏角；在车外圆、端面和倒角时，选45°主偏角。
Normally,select 90°approach angle for turning of slender and step shaft; select 45°approach angle for
external turning.End surface machining and chamfering.When approach angle is larger,radial force is reduced,cutting
is stable ,cutting thickness is increased,and chip breaking is excellent.
增大主偏角，径向分力减小，切削平稳，切削厚度增大，断屑性能好。
五、主偏角的影响 Effects of Approach Angle
车削刀具各部分作用
The Names of Each Part of Turning Tool
Approach angle
Minor angle
210
A
D/1
B
C
车削刀具各部分作用
副偏角是影响表面粗糙度的主要角度，它的大小也影响刀具强度。过小的副偏角，会增加副后面与已加工表面间摩擦，引起振动。
副偏角的选择原则是，在粗加工或者不影响摩擦和产生振动的条件下，应选取较小的副偏角；在精加工时可选择较大的副偏角。.
Minor angle is the main angle that can affect surface quality,and it can also affect tool strength.If the approach angle is
too small, the friction between the secondary flank and machined surface of workpiece will increase,causing vibration.
The principle of selecting minor angle:Select small minor angle when roughing or when the friction is unaffected and
is on vibration.Select large minor angle when finishing.
刀尖圆弧半径对刀尖强度及加工表面粗糙度影响很大。
刀尖圆弧半径大，切削刃强度增大，刀具前、后刀面磨损可以在某种程度上减小。但刀尖圆弧半径过大时，径向切削力增加，易产
生振动，影响加工精度和工件表面粗糙度。
Nose radius significantly affects nose strength and surface quality.Large nose radius means higher cutting edge
strength,and the abrasion on the rake face and clearance face can be reduced to some extent. However,if the nose
radius is too large,radial force will increase,and vibration is easy to occur,affecting machining precision and surface
quality.
选值
Value selection
具体情况
Situations
小的刀尖圆弧半径
Small nose radius
大的刀尖圆弧半径
Large nose radius
1. 小切深的精加工
2.加 工细长轴类零件
3.机 床刚性不足时
Finishing at small cutting depth
Machining parts such as slender shaft
When the rigidity of the machine is not enough
1. 粗加工时
2.加 工硬材料，断续切削时
3.机 床刚性好时
When roughing/When machining hard
materials(intermittent cutting)
When the rigidity of the machine is not enough
六、副偏角的影响
七、刀尖圆弧半径
Effects of Minor Angle
Nose Radius
The Names of Each Part of Turning Tool
211A D/1 C
B
车削加工参数计算方法
Tool Wear and Solution
式中：Vc：切削速度(m/min)
n ：主轴转速(rev/min)
D ：工件直径(mm)
例如：主轴转速为280rev/min，切削直径为150mm的工件，
其切削速度为：
一、切削速度的计算 Calculation of Cutting Speed
二、进给量的计算 Calculation of Feed Rate
式中：f ：每转进给量(mm/rev)
l ：每分钟切削长度(mm/min)
n ：主轴转速(rev/min)
例如：主轴转速为500rev/min，每分钟切削长度为100mm/min，其每转进给量为：
In the formula：Vc： Cutting speed(m/min)
n：Rotating speed of main axle (rev/min)
D：Diameter of workpiece(mm)
For example：When the rotating speed is 280rev/min and the
diameter of workpiece is 150mm,the cutting speed should be：
=
´ ´
=
´ ´
=
1000
3.14 150 280
1000
D n
Vc p
132(m/min)
In the formula： f ：Feed rate per rotation(mm/rev)
L：Cutting length per minute(mm/min)
N：Rotating speed of main axle(rev/min)
For example：When the rotating speed of main axle is 500rev/min,
and the cutting length per minute is 100mm/min,the feed rate per rotating
should be：
0.2( / )
500
100
mm rev
n
l
f = = =
(mm/ rev)
n
l
f =
External turning Internal turning
212
A
D/1
B
C
车削加工参数计算方法
Tool Wear and Solution
式中：T：切削时间(min)
l ：被切削部分长度(mm)
f ：进给量(mm/rev)
n ：主轴转速(rev/min)
例如：求主轴转速为250rev/min，进给量为0.2mm/rev，
切削长度为150mm的工件所用时间：
(min)
f n
l
T
´
=
In the formula：T：Cutting time(min)
L：length of machined areas(mm)
F：Feed rate(mm/rev)
N：Rotating speed of main axle(rev/min)
For example：When the rotating speed of main axle is 250rev/min,
and the feed rate is 2.0mm/rev.the time needed for a cutting length
of 150mm should be：
3min
0.2 250
150
=
´
=
´
=
f n
l
T
式中：T ：切削时间(min)
Vc：切削速度(m/min)
f ：进给量(mm/rev)
当所切削的端面无内孔时，b=0，公式亦适用。
(min)
4000
( )
2 2
Vc f
a b
T
´ ´
´ -
=
p
In the formula：T：Cutting time(min)
Vc：length of machined areas(mm)
F:Cutting spead
For end surface without hole,b=0,the formula is still Valid.
四、端面切削时间的计算（恒线速）
三、外圆、内孔切削时间的计算 Cutting Time Calculation of External and Internal Turning
Time Calculation End Surface Turning (Constant Linear Speed)
(min)
f n
l
T
´
(min) =
f n
l
T
´
=
(
External turning
Internal turning
(
213A D/1 C
B
车削加工参数计算方法
Tool Wear and Solution
式中：R：已加工表面粗糙度理论值(um )
f ：进给量(mm/rev)
rc：刀尖圆弧半径(mm)
例如：进给量为0.2mm/rev，刀尖圆弧半径为0.4mm时，
其已加工表面粗糙度理论值为：
1000( )
8
2
m
r
f
R
c
= ´ m
In the formula：R：Theoretical roughness value of machined surface
F：Feed rate(mm/rev)
Rc：Nose radius(mm)
For example：When the feed rate is 0.2mm/rev,and the nose radius is 0.4mm.
the theoretical roughness value of machined surface should be：
1000 12.5( )
8 0.4
0.2
1000
8
2 2
m
r
f
R
c
´ = m
´
= ´ =
五、已加工表面粗糙度的理论值计算 The Oretical Value Calculation of Machined Surface Roughness
f
h
rc
1000( )
8
2
m
r
f
R
c
= ´ m
214
A
D/1
B
C
车削三要素对加工的影响
Tool Wear and Solution
三要素的影响 Effects of Three Main Parameters
切削速度（Vc）Cutting Speed(vc)
切削速度的影响 Effect of Cutting Speed
我们在切削加工中，通常都希望获得短的加工时间，长的刀
具寿命和高的加工精度。因此，必须充分考虑工件材料的材质、
硬度、形状状况及机床的性能，选择合适的刀具并使用高效率的
切削条件，即我们所说的三要素。
Normally,short machining time,long tool life and high
machining precision are expected in machining,so the
m a t e r i a l q u a l i t y , h a r d n e s s , a n d s h a p e o f t h e
workpiece,and properties of machine should be fully
considered and then we can select suitable tools and
adopt high-efficiency cutting parameters,namely three
parameters.
工件在车床上旋转，我们将其每分钟的转数定义为主轴转速（n）。由于工件旋转，在其直径的切削点处产生切削速度，称为线速
度，单位米/分钟。通常用线速度来考虑切削速度对加工的影响。
When the workpiece is rotating on the machine,the number of is rotation per minute is defined as Rotating speed of
main axle(n).Because of its rotation,the cutting speed measured on the contacting point of diameter is defined as linear
speed.m/min.Normally,linear,linear speed is considered to measure the effect of cutting speed on machining
切削速度对刀具寿命有非常大的影响。提高切削速度时，切削温度就上升，而使刀具寿命大大缩短。加工不同种类、硬度的工件，
切削速度会有相应的变化。通过大量的切削实验得出：
Cutting speed has significant effect in tool life.When the cutting speed is increased,cutting temperature will increase
and tool life will be shortened.Cutting speed varies according to the different types and hardness of work-piece.The
below congclusions are reached after many cutting experiments:
（1）在通常情况下，切削速度提高20%，刀具耐用度降低1/2；切削速度提高50%，刀具耐用度将降至原来的1/5。
(1)Normally tool life would be reduced to half when the cutting speed is increased by 20%.Tool life would be 20%
of the original life if the cutting speed is raised by 50%。
（2）低速（20-40m/min）切削易产生振动，使刀具寿命缩短。
(2)Low speed(20-40m/min)cutting could easily cause vibration and shorten tool life.
215A D/1 C
B
车削加工参数计算方法
Tool Wear and Solution
进给量是指工件每旋转一周，刀具的移动量，单位为毫米/转。
Feed rate is defined as the moving distance of tool after workpiece rotates for one circle,measured by
mm/rotation.
进给量是决定被加工表面质量的关键因素，同时也影响加工时切屑形成的范围和切屑的厚度。
在对刀具寿命影响方面，进给量过小，后刀面磨损大，刀具寿命大幅降低；进给量过大，切削温度升高，后刀面磨损也增大，但较
之切削速度对刀具寿命的影响要小。
Feed rate is a key factor that determines surface quality.Meanwhtile it also affect the range of chip forming and the
thickness of chips during machining.
In term of the effect on tool life,small feed rate leads to serious abrasion on clearance face,reducing tool life.
切削深度指未加工表面与已加工表面之间的差值，单位毫米。它是工件未加工直径与已加工直径差值的一半。
Cutting depth is defined as the difference between machined surface and unmachined surface.Measured by
mm.it is half the difference value between the original diameter and machined diameter.
切削深度应根据工件的加工余量、形状、机床功率、刚性及刀具的刚性来确定。
切削深度变化对刀具寿命影响不大。切削深度过小时，会造成刮擦，只切削刀工件表面的硬化层，缩短刀具寿命。当工件表面具有
硬化的氧化层时，应在机床功率允许范围内选择尽可能大的切削深度，以避免刀尖只切削工件的表面硬化层，造成刀尖的异常磨损甚
至破损。
Cutting depth should be determined by the machining alllowance and shape of workpiece,power and rigidity of machice,
and tool rigidity.
The change of cutting depth has little effect on tool life.If the cutting depth is too low. The cutting nose only scrapes the
hardened layer on the workpiece surface.reducing tool life.When there is hardened oxide layer on workpiece
surface,higher cutting depth should be adopted within the possible range of machine’s power to avoid cutting nosr just
cutting the hardened layer of workpiece.
进给量的影响
切削深度（ap）
切削深度的影响
进给量（fn） Feed Rate(fn)
Feed Rate(fn)
Cutting Depth(ap)
Effect of Cutting Depth
216
A
D/1
B
C
D-2 技术信息
铣削刀具 Milling Tools
A
D/2
C
B
217Technical Information
可转位铣削刀具技术信息
Technical Information About Indexable Miling Tools
顺铣：铣刀与工件接触部分的旋转方向与切削
进给方向相同的铣削方式。
顺铣和逆铣的差别和选择 Difference and Selection Between Down Miling and Up Miling
逆铣 顺铣
逆铣：铣刀与工件接触部分的旋转方向与切削
进给方向相反的铣削方式。
Conventional milling(also called up milling):the
feed direction of workpiece is opposite to that of
the milling rotation at the connecting position
Climb milling(also called down milling):the feed
direction of workpiece is the same as that of the
milling rotation at the connecting position
顺铣时，切削刃主要受到的是压应力，逆铣时，切削刃受到的是拉应力。硬质合金材料抗压强度比抗拉强度
大得多；顺铣时，切屑由厚变薄，刀刃与工件间相互挤压，刀齿与加工表面相对滑行时摩擦小，可减小刀齿磨损，
减少加工表面硬化、减小表面粗糙度Ra值。逆铣时，切屑由薄变厚，刀片切入时产生强烈的摩擦、较顺铣产生更
多的热量和使加工表面硬化。
逆铣时，由于铣刀作用在工件的水平切削力方向与工件进给方向相反，所以工作台丝杠与螺母的一个侧面紧
密结合。而顺铣切削时铣削力的方向与进给方向一致，当刀刃对工件的水平面作用力大到一定程度时工作台会发生
窜动，从而将间隙留在后侧，随着丝杠的继续转动，间隙又恢复到前侧。在这一瞬间工作台停止运动；当下次水平
切削分力又大到一定程度时，工作台会再次窜动。工作台的这种周期性的窜动，将严重影响加工质量和损坏刀具。
使用立铣刀顺铣时，刀齿每次都是由工件表面开始切削，所以不宜用来加工有硬皮的工件。
铣削薄壁零件或精度较高的方肩铣采用逆铣。
In down milling,the major force of cutting edge is compressive stress,white in up milling the tensite stress.The compressive
strength ofcemented carbide material is much larger than its tensile strength.In down milling,as chips become thin from thick
gradually,cutting edge and workpiece press against each other.The friction between edge and workpiece is small,thus reducing
the abrasion of edge,the hardening of workpiece surface and the surface roughness(Ra).in up milling ,chips become thick from
thin gradually.When the insert is cutting into the workpiece,it produces strong friction and more heat than in down milling,and
make workpiece surface hardened.
In up milling,because horizontal direction of cutting force milling cutter conducting on workpiece is opposite to the feed direction
of workpiece,the lead screw of worktable joints closely with oneside of the screw nut.In down milling,the direction of cutting
force is the same as the feed direction.When edge’s radial force on workpiece is large enough,the worktable will bounce left
and right,thus make the gap fall behind.The gap will return to the front side with the continuing rotation of lead screw.At this
moment the worktable stops motion,however,it will bounce left and right again when the radial cutting force is large enough
again.The periodical bounce of worktable will cause poor surface quality of workpiece and tool breakage.
When using end mills for down milling,the edges always starts cutting at the workpiece surface,therefore end mills are not
suitable for machining workpiece with hardened surface.
Up milling is recommended for milling thin-wall components or square milling with high requirenment for precision.
Magnified Magnified
Conventional milling Climb milling
218
A
D/2
B
C
刀具齿距的选择
Pitch Selection
切宽等于刀具直径时，加工系统稳
定，机床主电机功率足够时，选择疏齿
刀具，可得到高的生产效率
When the milling width is equal to diamete of
cutter,the machining system is stable and
main power of machine is sufficient,the use
of coarse pitch can achieve high productive
efficiency.
选择主偏角
铣削刀具齿距是刀刃上某点和下一刀刃相同点之间的距离。铣削刀具分疏齿、密齿、超密齿。
Pitch is the distance between one point on one cutting edge and the same point on the next edge.Milling cutters are mainly classified into
coarse.Close and extra close pitches
操作稳定性
Optimized stability
L(低） M(中) H(高)
切宽小于刀具直径时，以最多的刀
刃来参与切削，可获得高的生产率。
When the milling width is less than diameter
of cutter,cutting by maximum edges can
achieve high productive effciency.
一般用途铣削和多种混合生产。
Used in general milling and multiple mixed
productions.
铣削刀具的主偏角是由刀片与刀体形成的，主偏角影响
切削厚度、切削力和刀具寿命。在给定的进给率下，减小主
偏角，则切削厚度会减小，可使切削刃在更大的切削范围内
与工件接触。
较小的主偏角可使刀片更为平稳的步入或退出刀具表面
，这有助于减少径向力、保护刀刃，并减少破损机率。但会
增大轴向力，故不适用加工薄板类零件。
The approach angle is formed by insert and tool body.Lt
affects chip thickness.Cutting forces and tool-life.Decreasing the
approach angle reduces chip thickness and expands the cutting
area between cutting edge and workpiece at a given feed rate.
A Smaller approach angle also ensures stable entry into or
exiting workpiece,protecting the cutting edge and extending tool
life.However,this will increase axial cutting forces on the
workpiece,thus is not suitable for machining thin workpiece Such
as thin plate.
Selection of Approach Angle
主偏角
Approach angle
每齿进给量
Feed rate per tooth
实际最大切削厚度
Maximum chip stickiness
90°
75°
60°
45°
圆刀片
A
D/2
C
B
疏齿 不等齿距设计 超密齿
Coarse pitch unequal pitch design
密齿
Close pitch Extra close pitch
219
通用公式
The Names of Each Part of Milling Tools
切削速度 Cutting speed
主轴转速
每齿进给量
工作台进给量（进给速度）
Feed rate of worktable(feed speed)
每转进给量
加工时间
金属去除率
Magnified
副偏脚
Tooth shape
齿形
Feed rate per tooth
每齿进给量
Feed direction
220
Tc
3
cm
A
D/2
B
C
spindle speed
铣削刀具各部分的作用
Function of Each Part in Face Milling
效果
Effect
名称
Designation
轴向前角rf
Axial rake angle rf
决定排屑方向
Determining the chip direction
决定切削轻快与否
Determining whether the cutting
is easy and fast or not
平面铣刀主要角度标注 Main Angles of Face Mill
作用
Function
径向前角rp
Radial rake angle rp
主偏角Kr
Approach angle Kr
前角R
Rake angle R
刃倾角λS
Inclined angle of cutting edge λS
决定切屑厚度
Determining the chip thickness
决定切削轻快与否
Determining whether easy and
fast the cutting is or not
决定排屑方向
Determining the chip flow direction
角度为负：排屑性能好
Negative,excellent capability of chip removal
角度为正：排屑性能好
Positive angle:good cutting performance
Kr↑,切削厚度↑；Kr↓,切削厚度↓
Kr↑,chip thickness↑;Kr↓chip thickness↓
切削性能差，切削刃强度高
Poor cutting performance,
High-strength cutting edge
（-）←0→ +
- ←0→ +
排屑性能差，切削刃强度高
Poor capability of chip removal,
High-strength cutting edge
切削性能好,切削刃强度低
Good cutting performance,
Low-strength cutting edge
排屑性能好,切削刃强度低
Good performance of chip removal,
Low-strength cutting edge
不同前角的组合特征 Characteristics of Different Rake Angles Combined
负型前角
Negative rake angle
零度前角
0°rake angle
正型前角
Positive rake angle
rf Axial rake angle rf
rp Radial rake angle rp
+
+
+
-
-
-
P
M
K
N
S
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
适合加工材料
Applicable material
machined
A
D/2
C
B
平面铣刀主要角度标注
Main angles of face mills 径向前角 rp Radial rake angle rp
前角R
Rake angle R 刃倾角 Inclined angle of cutting edge λs
λs
Kr
主偏角 Approach angle Kr
轴向前角
Axial rake angle rf
rf
双正前角
Double posotove
rake angle
双负前角 一正一负前角
Double negative
Rake angle
Positive and negative
negative rake angle
221
不同主偏角的切削性能
Selection Method of Cutting Tools
45° 主偏角
approach angle 75° 90°
示意图
Schematic diagram
说明
Instruction
轴向分力最大。加工薄壁零
件时，工件会发生扰曲，导致加
工件的精度下降；加工铸铁时，
有利于防止工件边缘产生崩落。
Axial force is the largest,it will bend
when machining thin-wall
workpiece,reducing the precision of
workpiece.It can help avoid fringe
brekage of workpiece when
machining cast iron
主要的为径向切削分力，是
平面铣削最常用的一种主偏角。
理论上轴向分力为零，适合
于薄板件的铣削。
The main force is radial cutting
force,in is often used in general
face milling
he axial is zero in theory,suitable
for milling thin plate workpiece
面铣中切宽与刀具切削直径的选择 Selection of Cutting Width and Tool Cutting Diameter in Face Milling
一般来说，切削宽度与刀具的切削直径
与切宽的关系为：DC=（1.2—1.5）ae。 在
实际加工中尽量避免刀具中心与工件中心相
重合
Generally speaking,the relation between
cutting width and tool cutting diameter is
Dc=(1.2-1.5)ae
in practical machining,same center line
of tool center and work piece center
should be avoided. (1.2-1.5)ae
DC:刀具切削直径
ae：切削宽度
Dc=ae
Tool cutting diameter
Cutting width
222
A
D/2
B
C
钻削刀具 Drilling Tools
02
A
D/3
C
B D-3 技术信息
223Technical Information
可转位浅孔钻技术信息
Drilling Application
钻头的钻入 initial Drill Peneration
钻头的钻入是钻削成功的重要因素。保证良好的孔质量的方法之一是保证工件的钻入表面与钻头的中心轴线垂直。
此外，可转位浅孔钻还可以通过调整进给，来加工凸的、凹的、倾斜的和不规则的钻入表面。
Initial drill peneration is an important factor for suceessful drilling. one way of ensuring good hole quality is to make sure the peneration surface of the
workpiece is vertical to the drill centre axis.
In addtion, an indexable drill can carry our inital peneration of convex, concave, inclined and irregular surfaces by adjusting rates.
对于凸的表面，其加工条件相对较好，并且钻心能理想地首先与工件接触，因
而可采用正常的进给。
For a convex surface, the conditions are relatively good and the centre of the drill ideally makes
contact with the workpiece first, thus normal feed can be adopted.
被钻削的零件表面为倾斜表面，切削刃受到不均匀的负荷，会使切削刃过早的
磨损。如果倾斜表面的角度超过2°进给应减小推荐值的1/3。
When penerating an inclined surface, the cutting edges will be unevenlly loaded, which may
result in the premature drill abrasion. if the angle of the inclined surface is larger than 2°, the
feed should be reduced to 1/3 of the value recommended for the drill.
在钻入凹的表面时，通常会造成钻头轴心偏离中心，对于这种情况进给应减小
到推荐值的1/3。
When drilling into non-sysmmetric curved surface, the drill tends to deviate from the centre
because it is penetrating an inclined surface. the feed should be reduced to lower than the value
recommended for the initial peneration of concave surface.
在钻入不对称的曲面时，由于是钻入倾斜表面，所以钻头可能会偏离中心，此
时进给的选择比钻入凹表面时应更小。
When drilling into irregular surface, the insert faces the risk of chipping, which may also occur
when drilling through the workpiece.therefore, the feed rate should be reduced.reduced to lower
than the value recommended for the initial peneration of concave surface.
在钻入不规则表面时，会出现刀片崩刃的危险，在开始钻削时心须减少进给量
同时在钻头钻通时也可能会出现这种情况，因此也必须减小进给。
When drilling into irregular surface,the insert faces the risk of chipping,which may also
occur when drilling through the workpiece.therefore,the feed rate should be reduced
加工表面情况
workpiece surface
应对措施
countermeasures
A
D/3
B
C
，
，
224
浅孔钻加工相关参数计算方法
Calculations for Shallow Drilling 02
A
D/3
C
B
225Cutting Speed
Machining Time
Feed Speed
Metal Removal Rate
Common Problems and Solutions for Drilling
孔加工孔常见问题及解决方法
现象
Problem
孔径扩大Oversize holes
孔径的一致性较差
Irregular hole size
A B
A B
原因 解决方法
Cause Solution
钻头装夹不好
主轴本身跳动量过大
Poor clamping
Large run-out around spindle
选择精度高的刀柄及夹具
校正主轴
每次装夹钻头时，仔细测量与调整
Select the holder and chuch with high
Precisioncalibrating spindle
Check and adjust after clamping drill
顶角不对称
钻头跳动过大
横刃偏心
Non-symmetric point angle
Large run-out
Chisel edge is off center
Regrind drill
Check the precision after clamping drill
修磨刀具
修磨后检查精度
顶角不对称
钻头跳动过大
横刃偏心
刃带棱面磨损过大
Non-symmetric point angle
Large run-out
Chisel edge is off center
Excessive margin abrasion
Select the holder and chuch with high
Precision
Calibrating spindle
Check and adjust after clamping drill
选择精度高的刀柄及夹具
校正主轴
每次装夹钻头时，仔细测量与调整
钻头装夹不好
主轴本身跳动量大
工件装夹不牢固
Poor clamping
Large run-out around spindle
Workpiece is not firmly held
Select the holder and chuch with high
Precision
Calibrating spindle
Check and adjust after clamping drill
选择精度高的刀柄及夹具
校正主轴
每次装夹钻头时，仔细测量与调整
进给量过大
Feed rate is too high
降低进给速度
Reduce the feed speed
切削液供给不足
Coolant provide is not enough
改变切削液供给方法，增加流量
Change the coolant supply method,
Or increase coolant volume
226
A
D/3
B
C
Common Problems and Solutions for Drilling
孔加工孔常见问题及解决方法
原因 解决方法
Cause Solution
机床主轴重复定位精度低
钻头装夹不好
主轴本身跳动量大
Poor re-positioning of spindle
Poor clamping
Large run-out around spindle
提高机床重复定位精度
选择精度高的刀柄及夹具
校正主轴
每次装夹钻头时，仔细测量与调整
Improve the re-positioning precision of
Machineselect the holder and chuch
With high precision
Calibrating spindle
Check and adjust after clamping drill
被加工表面进给方向不垂直
The feed direction is not
Vertical to the workpiece
Surface
Adjust the feed direction vertical to
The workpiece
将被加工表面调整成与进给方向垂直
顶尖与轴心不重合(车床)
Top center not align with the
Spindle center
Check and adjust alignment carefully
Before drilling
加工前仔细调整
顶角不对称
钻头跳动过大
横刃偏心
Non-symmetric point angle
Large run-out
Chisel edge is off center
修磨刀具
修磨后检查精度
Regrind drill
Chech the precision after regrinding
钻头刚性不足
Insufficient drill rigidity
提高钻头刚性
Increase drill rigidity
现象
Problem
孔的位置精度较差
Low position accuracy
直线度不良 垂直度不良
Bad linearity bad perpendicularity
孔的垂直度不良 孔的直线度不良
bad linearity bad perpendicularity
刀具磨损过大
Excessive margin abrasion Regrind
重新修磨
中心孔精度不好
Poor center hole accuracy
提高中心孔位置精度
Increase the position accuracy of hole
被切削平面不平
顶尖与轴心不重合(车床)
调整为水平面或预加工为水平面
预钻中心孔
Uneven workpiece rigidity
Top center not align with the
Spindle center (lathe)
The workpiece must be horizontal or
Premachined to horizontal before drilling
Pre-drill a center hole
A
D/3
C
B
227
Common Problems and Solutions for Drilling
孔加工孔常见问题及解决方法
原因 解决方法
Cause Solution
顶角不对称
钻头跳动过大
横刃偏心
Non-symmetric point angle
Large run-out
Chisel edge is off center
修磨刀具
修磨后检查精度
Regrind drill
Chech the precision after regrinding
钻头装夹不好
主轴本身跳动量大
工件装夹不牢固
Poor clamping
Large run-out around spindle
Workpiece is not firmly held
Select the holder and chuch with high
Precisioncalibrating spindle check run
Out and adjust after clamping drill
选择精度高的刀柄及夹具
校正主轴
每次装夹钻头时，仔细测量与调整
后角过大
Clearance angle is too large Regrind drill
重新修磨切削刃
钻头刚性不足
Insufficient drill rigidity Increase drill rigidity
提高钻头刚性
修磨不当
Incorrect regriding
重新修磨校正
Regrind calibration
切削液供给不足或型号不匹配
Insufficient coolant or
Unsuitable coolant type
改变切削液供给方法，增加流量
采用润滑性好的切削油
Change the coolant supply method,
Or increase coolant volume
现象
Problem
圆度较差
Poor roundness
钻头装夹不好
主轴本身跳动量大
选择精度高的刀柄及夹具
校正主轴
Poor clamping
Large run-out around spindle
Select the holder and chuch with high
Precisioncalibrating spindle
进给速度过大
Feed rate is too high
降低进给速度
Decrease the feed rate
切削阻塞
Chip jamming
重选钻头(容屑槽型、螺旋角等)
重选加工方法
(进给速度的调整，采用分步阶梯方式等)
Select a suitable drill(considering flute
Geometry, helical angle etc)change the
Cutting method (adjust feed rate, use
Step feed etc.)
顶角不对称
钻头跳动量过大
横刃偏心
刃带棱面磨损过大
Non-symmetric point angle
Large run-out
Chisel edge is off center
Excessive margin abrasion
重修磨刀具
修磨后检查精度
Regrind drill
Chech the precision after regrinding
进给速度过低 提高进给速度
Feed rate is too low Increase the feed speed
被加工工件表面质量差
Poor workpiece surface quality
圆柱度较差
Poor cylindricity
重新修磨切削刃，使用涂层钻头 切削刃磨损过大，刃带棱面粘结严重。
Excessive abrasion on
Cuttingedge
Excessive build-up on margin
Regrind drill
Select a coated drill
228
A
D/3
B
C
Shallow Drilling Recommend Cutting Parameter Chat
浅孔钻推荐切削参数表
材料 硬度HB 直径Dc
mm
进给量fn 切削速度 Vc
Material mm/r ISO
低合金钢
高合金钢
铸钢
不锈钢
铁素体
马氏体
奥氏体
可锻铸铁
灰口铸铁
球墨铸铁
铝合金
PMKN
80-200
150-260
150-320
180-250
150-270
150-275
150-230
150-220
160-250
60-110
16.0-23.0
24.0-30.0
31.0-38.0
39.0-46.0
47.0-58.0
0.05-0.09
0.05-0.09
0.06-0.10
0.07-0.11
0.08-0.12
16.0-23.0
24.0-30.0
31.0-38.0
39.0-46.0
47.0-58.0
0.05-0.09
0.05-0.12
0.06-0.14
0.08-0.16
0.10-0.20
16.0-23.0
24.0-30.0
31.0-38.0
39.0-46.0
47.0-58.0
0.05-0.09
0.05-0.12
0.06-0.16
0.08-0.18
0.10-0.22
16.0-23.0
24.0-30.0
31.0-38.0
39.0-46.0
47.0-58.0
0.05-0.08
0.05-0.08
0.06-0.10
0.07-0.11
0.07-0.12
16.0-23.0
24.0-30.0
31.0-38.0
39.0-46.0
47.0-58.0
0.05-0.09
0.05-0.12
0.06-0.16
0.08-0.18
0.10-0.22
16.0-23.0
24.0-30.0
31.0-38.0
39.0-46.0
47.0-58.0
0.05-0.09
0.05-0.11
0.06-0.13
0.08-0.14
0.10-0.16
16.0-23.0
24.0-30.0
31.0-38.0
39.0-46.0
47.0-58.0
0.05-0.10
0.05-0.14
0.08-0.16
0.10-0.20
0.12-0.24
16.0-23.0
24.0-30.0
31.0-38.0
39.0-46.0
47.0-58.0
0.05-0.10
0.05-0.14
0.08-0.16
0.10-0.20
0.12-0.24
16.0-23.0
24.0-30.0
31.0-38.0
39.0-46.0
47.0-58.0
0.05-0.09
0.05-0.12
0.06-0.14
0.08-0.16
0.10-0.20
16.0-23.0
24.0-30.0
31.0-38.0
39.0-46.0
47.0-58.0
0.05-0.10
0.05-0.14
0.08-0.16
0.10-0.20
0.12-0.24
200(170-240)
170(140-220)
150(120-180)
140(120-170)
160(110-230)
140(110-220)
160(120-220)
200(170-240)
160(130-200)
300(250-350)
02A
D/3CB m/min
碳钢
Carbon steel
Low alloy steel
High alloy steel
Cast steel
Stainless steel
Ferritic stainless steel
Martensitic stainless steel
Austenitic stainless steel
Malleable cast iron
Grey cast iron
Nodular cast iron
Aluminium alloy
229
D-4 技术信息
应用案例
Application Cases
230
A
D/4BC
Technical Information
A
D/4
C
B
不锈钢加工案例
Stainless Steel Cutting Application Cases
客户名称：
工件名称：
被加工材料：
加工设备：
使用刀片：
对比刀片：
冷却方式：
加工内容：
加工参数：
****法兰制造有限公司
不锈钢法兰（盲板）
304L
CSK50A
CNMG120412-MF/OP1215
某知名厂家
冷却液
粗车端面
Vc= 180 m/min， Fn= 0.28 mm/r，Ap= 2.2 mm 加工件数(件)
寿命对比图：
0
10
20
30
40
50
OKE 某知名厂家
17
14
Customer：
Workpiece：
Workpiece material：
Lathe type：
OKE insert：
Compare insert：
Cooling type：
Processing content：
Cutting parameter：
Stainless steel flange
XX Company
Stainless steel flange(no hole)
304L
CSK50A
CNMG120412-MF/OP1215
A well-known manufacturer
Fluid cooling
End face rough turning
Vc= 180 m/min，Fn= 0.28 mm/r，Ap= 2.2 mm
客户名称：
工件名称：
被加工材料：
加工设备：
使用刀片：
对比刀片：
冷却方式：
加工内容：
加工参数：
****机械制造有限公司
法兰盘
SUS304
HTC1635i
WNMG060412-MSF/OP1315
某知名厂家
冷却液
精加工端面
Vc= 200 m/min， Fn= 0.28 mm/r，Ap= 0.6 mm
Customer：
Workpiece：
Workpiece material：
Lathe type：
OKE insert：
Compare insert：
Cooling type：
Processing content：
Cutting parameter：
Stainless steel flange
XX Company
Flange
SUS304
HTC1635i
WNMG060412-MSF/OP1315
A well-known manufacturer
Fluid cooling
End face fine finishing
Vc= 200 m/min，Fn= 0.28 mm/r，Ap= 0.6 mm
加工件数(件)
寿命对比图：
OKE 某知名厂家
30
25
0
10
20
30
40
50
231A well-known manufacturer
A well-known manufacturer
Workpiece number(pcs)
Cutting life comparison Cutting life comparison Workpiece number(pcs)
