相关设计The Technical

影响轴承使用寿命的因素 Influences on the service life

·轴承载荷和负载方式

·线速度

·PV值

·对磨件表面光洁度

·对磨件热处理方式

·环境温度等

Wear and service life of the slide bearings are dependent on the following:

• Specific bearing load

• Sliding speed

• PV value

• Roughness depth of the mating surface

• Mating surface material and Temperature etc.

PV Value Calculation PV值的计算 \mathsf { P V } { = } \mathsf { P } x \mathsf { V } ( \mathsf { N } / \mathsf { m } \mathsf { m } ^ { 2 } x \mathsf { m } / \mathsf { s } )

PV是指轴承在一定的承载和线速度条件下的乘积之和，PV值与轴承的使用寿命成反比例关系；因此建议设计时尽量使用比较低的安全PV值，以确保轴承会有更长的使用寿命；虽然样本中有明确了各类材料的PV值，但是这些都是在径向旋转条件下测得的，而事实上设计人员在设计轴承的寿命是还需要考虑很多因素。另外环境温度是一个必须要考虑的因素，由于温度的上升会导致轴承于座孔间的配合间隙发生变化，轴与轴承内孔的配合公差也会发生变化，从而影响轴承的正常使用。

As the sum of products of a bearing under the conditions of certain loading and linear velocity, PV value is inversely proportional to the service life of the bearing, so lower safe PV value is suggested to be used during design to ensure longer service life of the bearing. Although PV values of different materials are defined in the sample, these are measured under the condition of radial rotation, as a matter of fact, designers need to consider many factors when designing bearing life. Besides, ambient temperature, as a parameter which must be considered, should consider many factors, because fit clearance between bearing and seat hole and fit tolerance between shaft and bearing bore change due to temperature rise.

相关设计The Technical

运转方式和PV值的计算 Direction of motion and PV value

		Load 负载 PN/mm² {kgf/cm²}	Velocity V 线速度 m/s {m/min}	PV Value PV值 N/mm²*m/s {kgf/cm²*m/min}
1. Rotating motion in single direction of radial journal 旋转运动	ushing 轴套	F dL $\left\{ \frac { 1 0 ^ { 2 } { \sf F } } { { \sf d L } } \right\}$	πdn 10{ $\left\{ \frac { \pi { \sf d n } } { 1 0 ^ { 3 } } \right\}$	πFn 10L $\left\{ \frac { \pi \mathsf { F } \mathsf { n } } { 1 0 \mathsf { L } } \right\}$
2. Oscillating motion 摇摆运动	ushing 轴套	$\frac { F } { { \mathsf { d } } { \mathsf { L } } }$ $\left\{ \frac { 1 0 ^ { 2 } \mathsf { F } } { \mathsf { d L } } \right\}$	$\frac { { \mathsf { d c } } { \mathsf { \theta } } } { 1 0 ^ { 3 } }$ $\left\{ { \frac { \pi \mathsf { d c } \theta } { 1 8 0 \times 1 0 ^ { 3 } } } \right\}$	$\frac { { \sf F c } _ { \mathrm { ~ \tiny ~ d ~ } } } { 1 0 ^ { 3 } \mathrm { L } }$ $\left\{ \frac { \pi \mathsf { F c } \mathsf { \theta } } { 1 8 0 \times 1 0 ^ { 2 } \mathsf { L } } \right\}$
3. Reciprocating motion 往复运动	ushing 轴套	$\frac { F } { { \mathsf { d } } { \mathsf { L } } }$ $\left\{ \frac { 1 0 ^ { 2 } \mathsf { F } } { \mathsf { d L } } \right\}$	2cS 103 2cS 10³	2FcS 10{dL FcS 5dL
推力运动	Rotation 旋转	$\frac { 4 \mathsf { F } } { \pi ( \mathsf { D } ^ { 2 } - \mathsf { d } ^ { 2 } ) }$ $\left\{ \frac { \stackrel { \because } { 4 0 0 F } } { \pi ( { \sf D } ^ { 2 } - { \sf d } ^ { 2 } ) } \right\}$ $\frac { 4 \mathsf { F } } { \pi ( \mathsf { D } ^ { 2 } - \mathsf { d } ^ { 2 } ) }$	πDn 103 $\left\{ \frac { \pi \mathsf { D } \mathsf { n } } { 1 0 ^ { 3 } } \right\}$ $\frac { \mathsf { D c } \mathrm { ~ \# ~ } } { 1 0 ^ { \frac { 3 } { } } }$	$\begin{array} { r } { \frac { 4 \mathsf { F } \mathsf { D } \mathsf { n } } { 1 0 ^ { 3 } ( \mathsf { D } ^ { 2 } - \mathsf { d } ^ { 2 } ) } } \\ { \left\{ \frac { 4 \mathsf { F } \mathsf { D } \mathsf { n } } { 1 0 ( \mathsf { D } ^ { 2 } - \mathsf { d } ^ { 2 } ) } \right\} } \end{array}$ 4FDcθ
5. Plane reciprocating motion 平面滑动		F BL $\left\{ \frac { 1 0 ^ { 2 } \mathsf { F } } { \mathsf { W L } } \right\}$	2cS 103 2cS 103	2FcS 10BL FcS 5WL

相关设计The Technical

相配轴 Mating Shaft

相配轴的材料、硬度、表面粗超度和表面处理对轴承的使用有很大的影响，以下推荐材料可供参考；另外，在海水、药液等腐蚀场合下使用时建议使用不锈钢霍表面镀铬处理。

Bearing performance is influenced by the material, hardness, surface roughness and surface treatment of the mating shaft. If uesd in a corrosive environment such as in the seawater, or in the chemical liquid, double or triple chrome plating should be consideration.

正确设计 Correct

相关设计The Technical

轴承座孔 Housing

设计的标准轴承要求座孔必须加工到H7公差，最大表面粗糙度为Ra3.2。为了便于轴承的安装，轴承座孔应有 2 0 ^ { \circ } \quad ± { 5 ^ { \circ } } 的倒角。

There should be chamfers on the housing bore during the assembly. A chamfer \begin{array} { r l } { \mathsf { F } _ { \mathsf { G } } x 2 0 ^ { \circ } } & { { } ± 5 ^ { \circ } } \end{array} is important for the easier pressing of the bushing into the housing.

壁厚设计 Wall thickness

金属自润滑轴承的壁厚可以尽可能的设计成薄壁结构已达到尺寸的最小化，建议壁厚设计如下：

Wall thickness of the metallic bearings can be made thin to realize smaller mechanical design.

长度设计 Length

一般来说，轴承的长度是根据轴承的长度和内径比计算得到的，比如一般工况我们建议长度和内径比为0.5\~2.0，而对于高速、高载和不平稳的接触面运用时建议长度和内径比为0.8\~1.0。

In general, length of bearing is calculated by the ratio of the bearing hength and inner side diameter, for normal application: the length/ID=0.5\~2.0, for high load, high speed and uneven contact is recommend: the length/ID=0.8\~1.0.

相关设计The Technical

定期给油 Periodic Greasing

金属基自润滑轴承设计为自润滑免维护的轴承材料，但在润滑条件下更能表现出其优越的性能。

·降低摩擦系数，减少磨损量

·运行更平稳，提高 PV值

·带走轴承运行过程中产生的热量

·可以大大延长轴承的使用寿命

·防止异物的侵入

·防止对磨件的生锈现象

Metallic self-lubricating bearings designed for maintenance-free and dry operation, but periodic greasing or oiling will improve the bearing performance and extension the service life.

• Reduction of coefficient of friction and wear amount

• Smoothly running and Increase the limited PV value

• Cooling effect

• Greatly extension the bearing service life

• Protect the contamination reach the bearing section

• Prevent mating material rust

密封件 Seals

金属基自润滑轴承允许一些不会损害轴承表面的异物进入，但当异物的侵入增加或高碾磨型物质进入时应当安装合适的密封件以提高轴承的使用寿命。

if increased levels of contamination occur or the bearing is used in an aggressive environment, the bearing section should be protected from dust and containment. The normal solution is to re-design the surrounding structure so that the contamination can not reach the bearing section. if the contamination is critical, a collar of grease or a shaft seal is recommended.

金属类轴承的安装Metal Bushing Installation

机械压装 Pressure Assembly

通常情况下，轴承可以采用压力装配的方式进行安装，装配时应采用芯轴慢慢压入，禁止直接击打轴承以免产生变形，装配前应确保座孔内表面光洁无异物。

Typically, the bearings can be used to pressure the assembly with the installation, assembly, slowly push the mandrel should be used to prohibit the direct hit to avoid deformation of the bearing, the assembly should ensure that the seat before the hole smooth surface without foreign body.

冷冻装配 Cooling assembly

通过液氮或干冰采用冷装配压装相比采用机械压装方式更为有效，此时标准的冷冻温度为-40℃\~-70℃，冷冻时间一般为1小时以上，具体需要根据零件的壁厚和配合公差。

By liquid nitrogen or dry ice compared with cold press-fit assembly with mechanical press-fit method is more effective, then the standard freezing temperature of -40℃ \~ -70C, freezing time is generally 1 hour or more, according to the specific needs of parts of the wall thick and with tolerance.

轴承的收缩量可以根据以下公式计算：

Shrinkage of the bearing can be calculated according to the following companies:

△D=D×α×△T

△ D:OD 外径收缩量

D:OD 轴承外径

α：线性膨胀系数(1/105K)

ΔT:温度差

ΔD=D×α×ΔT △D:OD Diameter shrinkage

D:OD Bearing outer diameter

α:Linear expansion coefficient(1/105K)

△T:Temperature difference

金属类轴承的安装Metal Bushing Installation

止推垫片和滑板的安装

止推垫片和滑板应当安装在座孔的凹槽内，为了避免零件的移动建议使用定位销或沉头螺丝加以固定。

It is recommended to install the thrust washers and sliding plates with the hollow indented housings. To avoid the moving of such parts, a dowel pins is recommended to be installed.

1. 定位销安装 Dowel pin application (thrust washer)

2. 镶嵌式安装 Inlaid installation（Plate）

3. 沉头螺丝安装 Flat head screw application

轴径公差

Shaft tolerances

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