ONESOLAR TECHNOLOGY

Committed to forging a brand as a “Strong and elegant pioneer in optoelectronic technology innovation," empowering a new future for digital life.

"The ancients mastered the roots and the details, harmonising all things from heaven to earth. Their wisdom pervaded every scale and scope - a timeless truth that still endures in the records of old.

— Zhuangzi, “Tianxia” (The Under-Heaven)

ONESOLAR

CONTENTS

01

COMPANY PROFILE

RUNSHIHUA Group 06
ONESOLAR TECHNOLOGY 08

02

TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS

Perovskite 12
Technology Framework 14
Technological Capabilities 16
Products and Samples Display 18
Certifications and Accreditations 20

03

STRATEGY AND DEVELOPMENT

Positioning and Development Vision 24
Strategic Objectives 25
Application Scenarios and Product Portfolio 26
R&D and Development Strategy 28
Development Plan 30

ABOUT RUNSHIHUA GROUP

RUNSHIHUA GROUP

RUNSHIHUA Group focuses on providing reliable energy solutions to customers through innovative technology and efficient services. It is committed to becoming a globally leading provider of clean energy and integrated service solutions, driving the green and low-carbon transition, and creating a sustainable future.

Adhering to the core values of "Green Development, Integrity and Win-Win Collaboration, Innovation and Initiative, and People-Centricity," we empower a green future with technological wisdom, nurturing the world and illuminating China!

ABOUT ONESOLAR

ONESOLAR TECHNOLOGY

ONESOLAR TECHNOLOGY Co., Ltd. is the core part of Guangdong Runshihua Holding Group's strategic layout for next-generation optoelectronic technologies and their industrialisation. The company was jointly established by the Group and the national-level high-level young talent team from the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, and was founded in Longgang, Shenzhen, in April 2024.

The company possesses strong R&D capabilities, leveraging the nearly decade-long research achievements of Professor Tong Jinhui's team from the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, in the fields of perovskite single-junction solar cells, perovskite tandem solar cells, and large-area module development (including multiple publications in Science, Nature, and Nature sub-journals). Combined with Runshihua Group's more than ten years of experience in the new energy sector, ONESOLAR TECHNOLOGY adheres to the development philosophy of “being clear about the fundamentals and attentive to the details” and upholds the corporate spirit of “striving for greater purity and superior product quality.

Co-Founder Chief Scientist

RESEARCH

SOLAR CELLS

Carrier lifetimes of >1 μs in Sn-Pb perovskites enable efficien all-perovskite tandem solar cells

RESEARCHER Tong Jinhui

Jinhui Tongt, Zhaoning Song", Dong Hoo Kin, Xihan Chen', Cong Chin". Avel Palmstrom', Paul F. Ndione, Manhew O. Remse', Sean P. Dunflala., Chadiah G. Relds, Jum Lin', Fel Zhang', Steven P. Harvey, Zhen Ii', Steton T. Chridtomson, Clen Teeter', Derel Zhan², Mouafk M. Al Jasci, Maikel E. A. M. van Hest', Matthw C. Reand', Sean E Shaheen. Joseph J. Berry', Yanfa Van'?, Kal Zhe?

National High-Level Young Talent, Researcher, and Doctoral Supervisor at Wuhan University of Technology; Postdoctoral Fellow at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA.

Co-Founder General Manager

PROFESSOR Hu Guotang

Associate Professor of Industrial Design at Wuhan University of Technology. Formerly served as Deputy Secretary of the Party Working Committee of Beiqiao Subdistrict, Xiangcheng District, Suzhou, Jiangsu; Deputy County Mayor of Xuyi County, Huai'an; and Deputy Director of the Management Committee of Yangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone.

The Optoelectronic Energy Conversion Technology Laboratory is located in Guangdong Everbright Smart Valley, Dalang Town, Dongguan City.

The company currently has over 20 employees, among whom are 1 national-level high-level young talent, 2 with associate senior professional titles or above, 2 PhDs, and 7 Master's degree holders. R&D personnel account for 80% of the workforce, and 100% hold a bachelor's degree or above.

TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS

12

PEROVSKITE

It is neither calcium, nor titanium, nor a mineral ore, but a synthetically engineered semiconductor material with an ABX\_ crystal structure.

Perovskite materials used in the optoelectronic industry offer advantages such as high conversion efficiency, tunable bandgap, excellent low-light response, simple and low-cost fabrication processes, flexibility/semi-transparency, and suitability for tandem structures.

Perovskite has become a rising star in photovoltaic cells. With further scientific research and technological innovation, it is expected to overcome existing bottlenecks and achieve large-scale commercial production, making a significant contribution to the global energy transition and environmental protection.

ABXzCrystal Structure Diagram

TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM

Technology Roadmap

Focusing on large-area perovskite solar cell modules, with inverted single-junction as the technological foundation, we are strategically deploying large-area rigid and flexible perovskite single-junction modules, as well as all-perovskite tandem cells and perovskite space battery large-area modules.

INDUSTRY-LEADING LEVEL

ITO/FTO Substrate Cleaning
P1 Laser Scribing Equipment

Large-area Evaporation

P2 Laser Scribing Equipment

CERTIFIED SINGLE-JUNCTIONMODULE EFFICIENCY

Large-area Evaporation or Coating

MPPT STEADY-STATE EFFICIENCY

Uniform Large-area Hot Plate Heating
Uniform Large-area Hot Plate Heating
Large-area Coating

21%

Large-area Evaporation or Coating

Uniform Large-area Hot Plate Heating

P3 Laser Scribing

P4 Laser Edge Deletion

Testing
POE Lamination & Butyl Edge Sealing

TECHNICAL STRENGTH

SETTING A NEW WORLD RECORD

Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency of All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

30.41

Performance Breakthroughs and World Records.

On September 3, 2024, certified by an authoritative institution, the photoelectric conversion efficiency reached 30.41%, the world's highest certified efficiency among low-cost thin-film photovoltaic cells during the same period, far surpassing the 29% theoretical efficiency limit of conventional crystalline silicon solar cells, firmly establishing ONESOLAR TECHNOLOGY's leading position in the perovskite photovoltaic field.

The company's pilot line has been completed and its R&D products have successfully rolled off the production line, placing it at the leading level among domestic peers in the industry.

22%

CERTIFIED SINGLE-JUNCTIONMODULE EFFICIENCY

300×300 mm² Large-Area Perovskite Single-Junction Module

21% MPPT STEADY-STATE

Maximum Power Point Tracking

INDUSTRY LEADERSHIP

ONESOLAR

ONESOLAR Perovskite Luminaires

Combining aesthetics with functionality, achieving innovations in design philosophy, structural form, color matching, material innovation, andcultural integration. Embodying energy invisibility, form freedom, and intelligent functionality.

Perovskite Light Strips

Perovskite Solar Cell Module (Rigid Large-Area) 22%

QUALIFICATIONS AND CERTIFICATIONS

Certificates

Rigid Perovskite Solar Cell Small-Area Device (≤1 cm²) 26.15%

Flexible with Area Exceeding 300×300 mm² Module 19.06%

All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cell 30.41%

Flexible Perovskite Small-Area Device (≤1 cm²) 28.08%

Granted Patent Certificate - Utility Model for a Solar-Powered Wireless Charging Foldable Phone Case

Intellectual Property Application Acceptance Notice

SS车味日

20年月论

Patent Applications Filed

24

Authorized Utility Model Patent

Intellectual Property (As of April 15, 2026)

Invention Patents

14

Design Patent

Utility Model Patents

STRATEGY AND DEVELOPMENT

13

POSITIONING AND DEVELOPMENT VISION

Brand Positioning

Committed to forging a brand as a “strong and elegant pioneer in optoelectronic technology innovation," empowering a new future for digital life.

Focusing on the development and application of advanced optoelectronic functional materials, high-efficiency optoelectronic energy conversion technology, and advanced electronic and electrical integrated manufacturing technology, the company is deeply engaged in C-end consumer scenarios, specializing in the R&D, production, and sales of lightweight, high-efficiency intelligent power supplies and novel optoelectronic energy conversion system solutions.

PRODUCTION

SALES

Just light. Always on.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES

The company adheres to the corporate philosophy of "Being clear about the fundamentals and attentive to the details.'

With "R&D of key functional materials – development of core technological processes – intelligent manufacturing of distinctive products - reconstruction of user behavior patterns" as the core pathway.

Upholding the product ecosystem vision of "Where there is light, energy is always on."

Creating the ultimate experience of "Unrestricted travel" for users.

Committed to forging a brand as a "Strong and elegant pioneer in optoelectronic technology innovation," empowering a new future for digital life.

APPLICATION SCENARIOS AND PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

Indoor low-light energy harvesting scenarios, daily mobile terminal supplemental charging scenarios, outdoor travel and camping scenarios, emergency backup power scenarios, and space energy scenarios.

Core products cover four major categories.

Direct power supply for low-power electronic products

Supplemental power supply for mobile smart terminals

Outdoor mobile emergency power supply

Space power supply for future space data centers

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

R&D Plan

Simultaneous development of perovskite single-junction and tandem solar cells.

Single-junction cells

Inverted perovskite solar cells in 300×300 mm² and 600×600 mm² sizes.

Tandem cells

All-perovskite tandem solar cells.

Flexible cells

Flexible inverted perovskite solar cells for mobile devices, wearable devices, building-integrated photovoltaics, etc.

Space cells

Space-application perovskite solar cells that meet the demands of high efficiency, radiation resistance, and

Product Development Strategy

Leveraging R&D pilot line and pilot-scale production capacity, focus on developing emergency backup power supplies for flexible lightweight wearable electronic terminal devices, low-power direct power supplies, and personalized cultural-creative mobile power products, aiming to create hit products.

Deeply engage in flexible consumer mobile intelligent device power supplement products, and develop niche markets such as automotive photovoltaics.

Build gigawatt-scale ultra-large-size perovskite production lines, focusing on development and application of advanced optoelectronic functional materials, high-efficiency optoelectronic energy conversion technology, and novel optoelectronic energy conversion systems, while also laying out future space power supply fields.

2024

April: Company established; November: Pilot line completed. December: 300×300 mm² R&D product rolled off the production line.

2025

2026

600×600 mm² pilot-scale line
completed.
300×300 mm² rigid exceeds 23% Flexible lightweight consumer mobile energy products enter the market.

300×300 mm² rigid 23%, flexible 19%

2029

Perovskite space photovoltaic technology Gradually maturing, C-end market Share significantly increased.

2027

600×600 mm² efficiency 21% Develop niche markets such as automotive photovoltaics.

2030

Product quality ranks first-class
domestically, with capital increase and production expansion.
Planning for IPO + direct power supply for low-power electronic products
Supplemental power supply for mobile smart terminals
Outdoor mobile emergency power supply Space power supply for future space data centers.

ONESOLAR

Just light. Always on.

ONESOLAR TECHNOLOGY

Just light. Always on.