Application
| BA 46,BA 47,A1 BA211,ZK29 | Valvewith adjustable stage nozzleand sample valve for continuous blowdown of steamboilersand evaporators. |
| BAE 46,BAE47,BAE 210,BAE211,ZKE29 | Valve with adjustable stage nozzle,sample valve,and electric actuator for auto- matically controlled continuous blowdown. Especially suited for boilers operating without constant supervision EN 12953. |
Pressure/Temperature Rating According to EN 1092-1 (2013) for:1.0460 in accordance with PED and AD 2Oo0 or A105 according to Pressure Equipment Directive (PED).
| Type | Ratings according to | Boiling point [C] at max. pressure [bar] = Ts/pmax | |
| BA 46/BAE46 | PN 40 1.0460 | EN 1092-1 | 238/31 |
| PN 40A105 | EN 1092-1 | 238/31 | |
| Class150A105 | ASMEB16.34 | 198/14 | |
| Class 300A105 | ASME B16.34 | 254/42 | |
| BA 47/BAE 47 | PN631.0460 | EN1092-1 | 261/47 |
| PN 63 A105 | EN 1092-1 | 261/47 | |
| Class600A105 | ASME B16.34 | 271/55 | |
| BA 210/BAE210 | PN2501.0460 | DIN2401 | 348/161 |
| BA 211/BAE211 | PN3201.7335 | DIN2401 | 374/220 |
| ZK29/ZKE29 | PN1601.7335 | EN1092-1 | 336/138 |
F
| Type | Flanged EN | FlangedASME | Socket-weld | Butt-weld |
| BA 46/BAE46 | · | · | - | |
| BA 47/BAE 47 | 二 |
Dimensions BA 46,BAE 46 [mm]
| Connections | DN | 15 | 20 | 25 | 32 | 40 | 50 |
| Flanged EN | L | 150 | 150 | 160 | 180 | 200 | 230 |
| Flanged ASME Class 150 | L | 150 | 150 | 160 | 180 | 230 | 230 |
| FlangedASMEClass300 | L | 150 | 150 | 160 | 180 | 230 | 230 |
| Socket-weld | L | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 250 | 250 |
Dimensions BA 47,BAE 47 [mm]
| Connections | DN | 15 | 20 | 25 | 32 | 40 | 50 |
| Flanged EN | L | - | - | 190 | 二 | 220 | 250 |
| Flanged ASME Class 600 | L | 二 | 二 | 216 | 二 | 216 | 250 |
| Socket-weld | L | - | - | 200 | - | 250 | 250 |
Dimensions BA 210,BAE 210,BA 211,BAE 211 [mm]
| Connections | DN | 15 | 20 | 25 | 32 | 40 | 50 |
| FlangedEN | L | 二 | 二 | 410 | 二 | 二 | 二 |
| FlangedASME Class 600 | L | 二 | 二 | 410 | 二 | 二 | 二 |
| FlangedASMEClass900/1500 | L | 二 | 二 | 440 | 二 | - | 二 |
| Socket-weld | L | 二 | 1 | 300 | 1 | 二 |
GeSTRA
Description
A short boiler blowdown is performed by quickly opening the blowdown valve.This createsa short-term low-pressure areaaround the blowoff opening atthe bottomof the boiler, causing a suction effect thatremoves accumulated sludge and sediments that have setted out in the lower part of the boiler.
Thesuction effectofan intermittentblowdown isonlyeffectiveat the moment when the valve is being opened.For this reason the valve should only be opened for approx.2 seconds.Longer opening periods waste boiler water.
For the closing process the design of the valve is of great importance. The closing force of the spring of the intermittent blowdown valves (M)PAis increased by the boiler pressure,whichmeans that the valve is in a good condition for breaking up any dirt particles settled on the valve seat/plug,thus ensuring a positive shutoff.
Theservice life of thevalveseat/plug is further increased by the pressure reduction that takes place in the radial stage nozzle installed downstream of the valve.The time interval between bottom blowdownprocessescanonlybe calculated indirectly by taking the boiler efficiency,the feedwater qualityand theadmissible boiler water quality into account.
Application
In steam boiler plants operating without constant supervision. Automation of intermittent blowdown by generating electric pulses to initiate a blowdown cycle via the GESTRA rapid-action intermittent blowdown valve MPA.
If space underneath the boilder is of concern, (M)PAs that can be tilted by 4 5 ^ { \circ } are available on request.
Controls
| Type | Design | Interval time | Pulse duration sec | Mains voltage | Version | ||
| SPECTORconnect | a | b | f | ||||
| LRR 1-60 Contiuinria | 1h-120 h | 1-60 | 24VDC | ||||
| SPECTORmodule | |||||||
| LRR 1-52 | Contiucinilrf | 1 h-200 h | 1-10 | 24VDC | |||
| SPECTORcompact | |||||||
| TA 10 | Cycling timer PRS 10 integrated in solenoid valve plug,strainer, solenoid valve | 30 min-10 h | 0,5-10 | 230V/50 Hz 24VDC | : | ||
Three-WaySolenoidValve
| Max.service pressure [bar] | Min. differential pressure [bar] | Connection | Protection |
| 161) | min. 0.5 | /4"BSP | IP65 |
| Material | Connection | Mesh size [mm] | |
| Body | 1 Filter | ||
| Gun metal Rg 5 | 1.4571 | /"BSP | 0.5 |
| Version |
| a=Field case |
| b= Plug-in unit in plastic case |
| C = 19" slide-in unit |
| e = Case for panel mounting |
| f= Integrated in solenoid |
| valve plug |
| Type | DN | PN | Stock code |
| Pressure reducing station 1/4" | 147545 | ||
| Striner /" | 4301241 | ||
| Reducer1/2"-/4" | 3401145 | ||
| Solenoid valve 6430 C 4",230VAC | 52830 |
| Type | DN | PN | Stock code |
| Pressure reducing station /4" | 147545 | ||
| Strainer 1/2" GSF335 | 4301241 | ||
| Reducer1/2"-/4" | 3401145 | ||
| Solnoid valve240C | 146247 | ||
| MPA 46 | 25 40 | 40 | 3661500 3661700 |
| MPA 47 | 25 40 | 63 | 3671500 3671700 |
| Type | DN | PN | Stock code |
| TA 10 24 VDC Pressure reducing station | 360224252 147545 | ||
| MPA 46 | 25 40 | 40 | 3661500 3661700 |
| MPA 47 | 25 40 | 63 | 3671500 3671700 |
Application
| PA46,PA 47,PA 48,PA110 | Manual intermittentblowdownof steamboilersand pressurized hot-waterboilers. |
| MPA46,MPA47,MPA48, MPA 110 | Automatic, programme-controlled intermittent blowdown of steam boilers and waste-heat boilers.Especially suited for boilers operating without constant supervisionEN12953. |
世 5中
Pressure/Temperature Rating According to EN 1092-1 (2013)for:1.0460 in accordance with PED and AD 2Oo0 or SA105 according to Pressure Equipment Directive (PED).
| Type | Ratings according to | Boiling point [C] at max. pressure [bar] =Ts/Pmax | Control fluid MPA.. | Max. control pressure MPA... | |
| PA 46 MPA 46 | PN 401.0460 | EN 1092-1 | 238/31 | Water or compressed air | 8bar |
| PN 40 SA105 | EN 1092-1 | 238/31 | |||
| Class150SA105 | ASMEB16.34 | 198/14 | |||
| Class 300 SA105 | ASME B16.34 | 254/41 | |||
| PA 47 MPA 47 | PN 631.0460 | EN1092-1 | 261/47 | ||
| PN 63 SA105 | EN 1092-1 | 261/47 | |||
| Class 400/600SA105 | ASME B16.34 | 271/55 | |||
| PA 48 MPA 48 | PN 100 1.0460 | EN 1092-1 | 287/70 | ||
| Class 600SA105 | ASMEB16.34 | 287/70 | |||
| PA 110 MPA 110 | PN 250 1.7335 | EN 1092-1 | 374/220 | Compressed air | 6bar |
| PN250A182-F12 | EN1092-1 | 374/220 | |||
| Class 400/600 A182-F12 | ASME B16.34 | 300/85 | |||
| Class 900 A182-F12 | ASME B16.34 | 326/124 | |||
| Class 1500 A182-F12 | ASME B16.34 | 363/196 | |||
| Type | Flanged EN | Flanged ASME | Socket-weld | Butt-weld |
| PA4x,MPA 4 | · | · | - | |
| PA 110, MPA 110 | · | · | 1 |
| Connection | DN | 20 | 25 | 32 | 40 | 50 |
| Flanged EN | L | 150 | 160 | 180 | 200 | 230 |
| Flanged ASME Class 150 | L | 150 | 160 | 180 | 230 | 230 |
| FlangedASMEClass300 | L | 150 | 160 | 180 | 230 | 230 |
| Socket-weld | L | 200 | 200 | 200 | 250 | 250 |
中 中 中 中
F hMPA 110
| Connection | DN | 20 | 25 | 32 | 40 | 50 |
| Flanged EN | L | - | 190 | - | 220 | 250 |
| Flanged ASME CI 600 | L | - | 216 | - | 216 | 250 |
| Socket-weld | L | 二 | 200 | - | 250 | 250 |
Dimensions PA 110, MPA 110 [mm]
| Connection | DN | 20 | 25 | 32 | 40 | 50 |
| Flanged EN | L | - | 410 | - | - | - |
| Flanged ASME CI 600 | L | - | 410 | |||
| FlangedASMECI900/1500 | l | - | 440 | _ | - | - |
| Butt-weld end | L | 1 | 300 | 1 | 1 |
GeSTRA
TheBenefits of the New GESTRA Intermittent Blowdown Valves
Improvedblowdowneffectiveness through integrated pressure chamber in the outlet section of the body
■Greater tightness through additional wiper rings between the packing seals
Longerservice lifeandavailability through radial stage nozzle downstream of the valve seat
■Insensitive to waterhammer through absence of large body cover
■Reduced wear through new arrangement of the seals on the lowpressure side
■Consistent implementation of the work safety regulations through novel distance tube
■Quick and easy installation thanks to multifunction parts
■Reduced maintenance and service effort through additional cup springs acting on the compression spring and through the possibility of tensioning the seals from outside
Betterchecking functionally through relief vent for leak detection from outside
■Greater convenience through innovative clip fastening of the hand lever PA46/47/48
Liquid Monitoring-Detecting Ingress of Oil in Condensate Systems and Marine Installations
Purpose
Application
Continuousmonitoring of transparent liquids to detect any ingress of insoluble foreign matter causing turbidity, such as emulsified oils and greases.Measuring of turbidity and signal evaluation for indication,recording and control.Tripping of alarms, control valves etc.
The oil turbidity detector 0 \mathsf { R } 5 2 / . consists of a measuring sensor ORG 12/ORG 22 and the ORT 6.
| Condensatemonitoring insteam boilers todetectany ingress of oilsand greases inaccordancewith EN12952/..53. |
| Monitoring of cooling water,drinking water,condensateand beverages for turbidity. |
| Monitoring ofcooling water,drinkingwater,condensateandbeverages forturbidityinhazardousareas zone 1(on request). |
| Hot-water monitoring in district heating plants. |
| Filterandcooling-watermonitoringonships. |
| Type | Sensor | PN | Connection | Material | Measuring transducer ORT 6 Wall-mounting case, measuring range O-25 ppm 2 alarm relay outputs (instantaneous/delayed) LED bar chart display |
| OR 52/5 | ORG 12 | 10 | 3/8″ | GG25 | 4-20 mA current output |
| OR 52/6 | ORG 22 | 10 | 3/8" | 1.4580 | · |
| OR52/5EX | ORG 12 | 10 | 3/8″ | GG25 | |
| OR52/6EX | ORG 22 | 10 | 3/8" | 1.4580 | · |
Liquid Monitoring-Detecting Ingress of Acids,Alkalis, Raw Water, Dyes, etc.
Purpose
Application
Monitoring conductive liquids for contamination by foreign matter that increases the TDS concentration; conductivity monitoring (TDS control),signalling and display.
Forcondensateand feedwatermonitoring insteamand (pressurised)hotwaterplants todetect ingressof acids,alkalis,terd.
Technical Data of Conductivity Electrodes
| Type | PN | Conne- | Serice presretsa | Intpgratdr | Ambient temperature | suped[:mm) | TUV | GL |
| LRG 16-9 | 40 | 32/238C | 70°℃ | 43 | · | · | ||
| LRGT 16-3 | 40 | 1" | 32/238C | · | 70C | 200 /300/400 | · | · |
| Type | swithingg4-20mA4 | Mains votage | Protection | Measuring range | TUV | GL | |||||
| a | Design | e | |||||||||
| LRS 1-7a | · | 230V/AC | IP65 | · | - | - | - | 0.5-10,000 uS/cm | · | · | |
| LRS 1-50 | · | 24V/DC | IP20 | 1 | 1 | 0.5-10,000 uS/cm | · | 二 | |||
GeSTRA
| Type | Stock code |
| OR52/5 | 4003040 |
| OR 52/6 | 4003140 |
| Pneumatic three-way control valvePN16,DN50 with pilot valve | 1503407 |
| Non-return valve DISCO RK 86a, SF 20 mbar PN40,DN50 | 121180182 |
Non-return valve see pages 44-54
Type approval: TUV WUL xx-009
| Type | Stock code | |
| LRG 16-9 | 3771839 | |
| Connecting cable male/female 5m | 1502563 | |
| LRS 1-7 | 3781640 | |
| Pneumatic three-way control valve PN16,DN 50 with pilot valve | 1503407 | |
Type approval: TUV WUL xx-014
Optional Special voltage 24 VAC
.51
| Type | Stock code |
| LRG 16-9 wthmeasurig | 377183930 |
| LRS 1-50 24VDC | 3041041 |
| DISCO Non-return valve RK86a,SF20mbar PN40,DN50 | 121180182 |
Type approval:
TUV WUL xx-018
EG Z-IS-TAF-MUC-12-08-103881-007
Ingress of Oil in Cooling Water Systems Digital Indicator
GeSTRA
Purpose and Application of Oil Detector
The oil detector ORGS 11-2 is used for monitoring coolingwater to detectany ingress of oil.An alarm and control unit installed downstream of the detector will dump contaminated cooling water,thereby preventing oil contamination of the installation to be cooled. The equipment detects all low-density matter that is insoluble in water, not emulsified,and hasalower electricalconductivity thanwater. Antirust oils,which emulsify in cooling water, do not trigger an alarm.
The output contact relays of the contaminationdetectorareself-monitoringandofthe normally closed type,and will therefore triggeranalarmintheeventofamalfunction.
| Type | PN | Connection | Material |
| ORGS 11-2 | 6 | Inlet E0-15-L | C 22.8 |
| Outlet E0-12-L/S | |||
| Drain E0-15-L |
| Type | Stock code |
| ORGS 11-2 | 4041140 |
Typeapproval formarine applications see page 104
Purpose and Application Residual Hardness Control in FeedwaterSystems
Softcontrol Data continuously monitors the residual hardness inawatersoftenersystem. The automatic internal calibration and selfmonitoring routine ensure a high level of operational and process reliability.All analysis resultsandalarmsare logged chronologi
cally and stored on an integrated USB flash drive.Softcontrol Data provides continuous monitoring and logging of the statutory hardness limit of 0 . 0 5 ^ { \circ } dH. 1 4 - 2 0 \ : { m A } output signal enables integration in external PLC systems.The equipment is easy to install and works completely self-suficiently. Apart from exchanging the Plug&Play sensor everysix to nine months no other maintenance is required. Softcontrol Data offersacleardisplayof information and individual adjustment options for limit values,test cycles,unit of measurements and language settings.
| Designation | Pressure rating | Connections | Stock code |
| Softcontrol Data | PN 10 | PA tubing 0D4mm/ ID2mm | 1507859 |
Principle ofMeasurement
The design is based on the Karman vortex street principle using a body installed perpendicular to the axis of the pipe.The vortices generated in the flow stream produce pressure oscilations which are converted into electrical signals bya sensor.The output signal is then evaluated and processed in the flow computer.
Speciallyshapedvortexshedder
| Absolute pressure [bar] | DN20 | DN25 | DN 40 | DN50 | DN80 | DN 100 | DN150 | DN200 | DN250 | DN300 |
| 1.0 | 30 | 45 | 120 | 180 | 480 | 750 | 1700 | 3000 | 4500 | 6700 |
| 1.4 | 40 | 65 | 165 | 250 | 650 | 1030 | 2300 | 4100 | 6400 | 9200 |
| 1.6 | 45 | 72 | 185 | 290 | 750 | 1150 | 2600 | 4650 | 7200 | 10500 |
| 1.8 | 50 | 80 | 210 | 320 | 830 | 1300 | 2900 | 5200 | 8100 | 11700 |
| 2.0 | 60 | 90 | 230 | 350 | 920 | 1430 | 3200 | 5700 | 8900 | 12900 |
| 2.5 | 70 | 110 | 280 | 440 | 1130 | 1700 | 4000 | 7050 | 11000 | 15900 |
| 3.0 | 85 | 130 | 335 | 520 | 1340 | 2100 | 4700 | 8400 | 13000 | 18500 |
| 4.0 | 110 | 170 | 440 | 680 | 1750 | 2750 | 6200 | 11000 | 17000 | 24500 |
| 5.0 | 135 | 210 | 540 | 850 | 2170 | 3400 | 7600 | 13500 | 21000 | 30500 |
| 6.0 | 160 | 250 | 645 | 1000 | 2550 | 4030 | 9050 | 16100 | 25000 | 36000 |
| 9.0 | 235 | 370 | 745 | 1450 | 3780 | 5900 | 13300 | 23500 | 37000 | 53000 |
| 11.0 | 285 | 440 | 950 | 1790 | 4580 | 7150 | 16100 | 28500 | 44000 | 64000 |
| 14.0 | 360 | 560 | 1150 | 2250 | 5780 | 9030 | 20300 | 36000 | 56000 | 81000 |
| 21.0 | 535 | 830 | 2140 | 3350 | 8550 | 13400 | 30100 | 53500 | 83000 | 120000 |
| 31.0 | 790 | 1230 | 3150 | 4930 | 12600 | 19700 | 44300 | 78800 | 123000 | 177000 |
| Steam-flowmeasurement system for constant saturated steam pressure consisting of: Vortex flowmeter type 84 W-U and flow computer type SPECTORcontrol Flow | Steam-flowmeasurement system for fluctuating saturated steam pressure (temperature compensated) consisting of: Vortex flowmeter type 84 W-U, flow computer type SPECTORcontrol Flowand temperature sensor TRG 5-63,L= 160 mm | Steam-flowmeasurement system for fluctuating saturated steam pressure (pressure compensated) consisting of: Vortex flowmeter type 84 W-U, flow computer type SPECTORcontrol Flowand pressure transmitter DRT with syphon and pressure gauge. | Steam-flowmeasurement system for superheatedsteam (temperature and pressure compensated) consisting of: Vortex flowmeter type 84 W-U, flow computer type SPECTORcontrol Flow, temperature sensor TRG 5-63 and pressure trans- mitter DRT with syphon and pressure gauge |
| For up to 5 measuring points SPECToRcontro/Il(a visual display &control system for viewing,calculating, monitoring and controlling) can be used. | |||
GESTRA Special Equipment and Vessels for Heat Recovery
As a“one-stop shop"we offer special equipment and vessels for heat recovery fitted with premium-grade industrial valves and steam traps and augmented by modern control systems.Saving energy and operational safety form the foundation of our design philosophy.
CAESar Selecting&Sizing Software
Condensate flowrate,heat quantity or mass floware the decisive factors when selecting and determining the prices of pressure vessels, heat recovery systems,desuperheaters and the like. In addition,the program can also evaluate the economic efficiency of the system,ascertain potential savings and payoff times,
GESTRA pressure equipment is designed, constructed and tested to PED1) 2O14/68/EU and AD Bulletin 2ooo.Pressure equipment of category I, I,Ill and IV bears the CE marking. The Declaration of Conformity certifies that the equipment satisfies the applicable safety requirements of the PED.
Pressure equipment that falls within the scope of article 4section 3of the PED 2014/68/EU is designed and manufactured in accordance with what is recognised as sound engineering practice.This equipment will not be CE marked but must be accompanied bya Declaration of Manufacturer.
1) PED \mathbf { \sigma } = \mathbf { \sigma } Pressure Equipment Directive
Special Equipment and Vessels for Heat Recovery
Page
Condensate Recovery and Return System Quick CC 158
Open-Type Condensate Recovery and Return Tank SDL (S). 159
Closed-Type Condensate Recovery and Return Tank SDL(S). ..160
Steam Powered Condensate Return Tank KH.. . 161
Steam-Powered Condensate-Return Unit (Fluid Lifter) FPS .162
Desuperheaters EK,KD. .163
Steam Regenerators GRDE. .164
Heat Exchanger Unit GESTRAheat. 165
Feedwater Deaerating Plants NDR,SW, FD. 166-167
Flash Vessels VD.. .. 168
Blowdown Receiver (Mixing Cooler) VDM ..169
Condensate Dampening Pot ED.. . 170
Steam Driers and Purifies TD (Steam Separators). . 171
Air Driers and Purifiers (Steam Separators).. 171
Questionnaire for preparing offers 173-180
Condensate tank of rectangular design type Quick CC with high-pressure centrifugal pump(s) installed next to the tank
Application
Condensate tanks are used to collect the condensate coming from steam users or flashvessels.From the tank the condensate is pumped into the feedwater tank by a level-controlled pump,in most cases viaa deaerator.
Rectangular condensate tank type Quick CC
The standard range of rectangular condensate tanksisdesigned forcondensate flowratesof up to 8 t/h and a max.service pressure of 0.1 barg.
Tank made of steel type S235JRG2, inside: untreated,outside:anti-corrosion coating or stainless steel 1.4571with two condensate pumps and accessories installed next to the tank,e.g.
bimetaldial thermometer,water-level indicator, GESTRA level electrode and control forautomatic pump operation,non-return valves,shut-off valves, high-pressure centrifugal pump(s) and pressure gauge. Completely assembled and interconnected, control cabinet supplied but not mounted.
| Pumping capacity m3/h | Delivery head mWs | Type Quick CC | Stock code 2 pumps | Weight kg | Type QuickCC | Stock code 1 pump | Weight kg |
| 1 | 28 | 340-2-CR1-5 | 5201271 | 230 | 340-1-CR1-5 | 5201281 | 200 |
| 1 | 57 | 340-2-CR1-10 | 5201272 | 240 | 340-1-CR1-10 | 5201282 | 205 |
| 2 | 20 | 550-2-CR1-5 | 5201471 | 275 | 550-1-CR1-5 | 5201481 | 245 |
| 2 | 42 | 550-2-CR1-10 | 5201472 | 285 | 550-1-CR1-10 | 5201482 | 250 |
| 3 | 23 | 750-2-CR3-5 | 5201573 | 335 | 750-1-CR3-5 | 5201583 | 295 |
| 3 | 46 | 750-2-CR3-10 | 5201574 | 345 | 750-1-CR3-10 | 5201584 | 300 |
| 4 | 15 | 1000-2-CR3-5 | 5201773 | 390 | 1000-1-CR3-5 | 5201783 | 350 |
| 4 | 32 | 1000-2-CR3-10 | 5201774 | 400 | 1000-1-CR3-10 | 5201784 | 355 |
| 6 | 19 | 1500-2-CR5-4 | 5201875 | 485 | 1500-1-CR5-4 | 5201885 | 445 |
| 6 | 35 | 1500-2-CR5-7 | 5201876 | 495 | 1500-1-CR5-7 | 5201886 | 450 |
| 8 | 22 | 2000-2-CR10-3 | 5201977 | 610 | 2000-1-CR10-3 | 5201987 | 550 |
| 8 | 60 | 2000-2-CR10-7 | 5201978 | 645 | 2000-1-CR10-7 | 5201988 | 565 |
| Type | Quick CC 340 | Quick CC 550 | Quick CC 750 | Quick CC 1000 | Quick CC 1500 | Quick CC 2000 |
| Volume [] | 340 | 550 | 750 | 1000 | 1500 | 2000 |
| Length [mm] | 1507 | 1657 | 1827 | 1977 | 2545 | 3075 |
| Width [mm] | 600 | 750 | 900 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
| Height [mm] | 1532 | 1532 | 1532 | 1532 | 1532 | 1532 |
| Size | Volume | Pumping capacity [m³/h] |
| 1 | 250 | 1 |
| 390 | 2 | |
| 850 | 4 | |
| IV | 1370 | 6 |
| v | 2100 | 9 |
| VI | 2900 | 12 |
| VII | 3800 | 16 |
| VIII | 4500 | 20 |
| IX | 5900 | 25 |
| X | 6900 | 30 |
Application
Condensate tanks are used to collect the condensate coming from steamusers or flash vessels.From the tank the condensate is pumped into the deaerator by level-controlled pumps.
Open condensate tank of cylindrical design type SDL (S)
The standard range of cylindrical condensate tanks isdesigned for condensate flowratesof up to 30 t/h and a max.service pressure of O.5 bar. Condensate tanks for larger flowrates available on request.
Tanksavailableashorizontalorvertical design,made of steel S235JRG2, inside:untreated, outside:anti-corrosion coating.Two high-pressure pumps andassociatedvalvesandaccessories installed next to the tank: e.g. bimetal dial thermometer,pressure gauge unit,water-level indicator, GESTRA level controland level electrode forautomatic pump operation and non-return valves are part of the installation.
| Size | volume | ca Puty ma/h) |
| 1 | 250 | 1 |
| = | 390 | 2 |
| 850 | 4 | |
| IV | 1370 | 6 |
| V | 2100 | 9 |
| VI | 2900 | 12 |
| VII | 3800 | 16 |
| VIII | 4500 | 20 |
| IX | 5900 | 25 |
| X | 6900 | 30 |
Application
Condensate tanks are used to collect the condensate coming from steam users or flash vessels.From the tank the condensate is pumped into thedeaeratorby level-controlled pumps.
Closed condensate tanks of cylindrical design type SDL (S)
The standard range of cylindrical condensate tanks isdesigned for condensate flowrates of up to 30 t/h and a max.service pressure of 4bar.Condensate tanks for larger flowrates available on request.
Tanksavailableas horizontal or vertical design,made of steel boiler plate type P265GH, inside:untreated, outside: anticorrosion coating.Two horizontal-type centrifugal pumps and associated valves andaccessories installed next to the tank: e.g.bimetal dial thermometer,pressure gauge assembly,magneticallyoperated liquid level gauge,level electrode and control forautomatic pump operation,safety device,overflow,air vent,vacuum breaker, shut-off valves and nonreturnvalvesarepartoftheinstallation.
| Size | Volume 四 | Pumping capacity [m3/h] | Booster steam pressure [barg] | Pump capacity [bar] |
| KH13-2 | 50 | 2 | 12 | 8.4 |
| KH13-3 | 75 | 3 | 12 | 8.4 |
| KH13-5 | 100 | 5 | 12 | 8.4 |
| KH 13-10 | 390 | 10 | 13 | 8.4 |
GeSTRA
Application
Condensate tanks are used to collect the condensate from steam processors or flash vessels.From the tank the condensate is returnedtothemaincondensatetankor deaeratorwiththeaidoflevel-controlled booster steam.
Steam-powered condensate return unit KH...
The standard version is suitable for condensate flowrates ofup to 10 t/handamax. service pressure of 12 barg.
The condensate return tank is made from steel type P265GH.Outside:anti-corrosion coating. Inside: untreated.
Associated valves and equipment such as pressure gauge assembly,solenoid valve, levelelectrodeandcontrolforautomatic booster steam supply, non-return valves are completely assembled and interconnected.
| Size | Volume 四 | Booster steam pressure [barg] | Pumping capacity |
| FPS 11-8 | 45 | 8 | up to 1000 kg/h |
| FPS 23-10 | 88 | 10 | up to 2300kg/h |
| FPS 14-13 | 100 | 12 | up to 5000kg/h |
Othermaterials for tankand valvesavailable on request.
Application of the Fluid Lifter
Condensate tanksare used to collect the condensate fromsteam processors orflash vessels.From the tank the condensate is returned to themain condensate tankor deaeratorwith theaid of float-controlled booster steam.
Steam-Powered Condensate-Return Unit (Fluid Lifter) type FPS 14...
The condensate is returned to the main condensate tank with the aid of booster steam, without electric power.The standard version of the FPS14 is suitable for condensate flowrates of 5 t/h and a max.service pressure of 12 bar g.
The discharge capacity decreases with rising backpressure.The tank ismade of steel of P265GH. Outside: anti-corrosion coating. Inside:untreated.The non-return valves are completelyassembledand interconnected, inclusive of counter-flanges,bolts and gaskets.
System 1
Superheated Electric temperature
steam outlet control 田 面 Cooling Electric pressure -water inlet regulation Superheated Cooler with equipment 1 steam inlet n D T 情 咖 Drain Pressure reducing station
Application
Heating installations in all industries
Heating of drying calenders in the paper
industry
Heating of boiling pans in the foodstuff
industry
Heating of cable presses
Radiant panels for hardware production in the
electrical industry
Steam moistening plants in the
textile industry
System Description
stem1Injection cooler wit fixed jet orifices
The coolingwater is injected through special jet orifice into thesteam flow.Theamount isadjusted by a control valve upstream of the desuperheaterand controlled by the high differential pressure.The typeand numberof nozzlesare dictated by the operating data. The internals of the pipe installed downstreamof the equipment prevent temperature shocks at the external pipe.
System2 Water-bathdesuperheater
The heat of the superheated steam causes the cooling water/condensate to evaporate, thereby cooling thesuperheatedsteam.The steam produced is conducted through steam separating units and has a steam content of more than 9 8 % (i.e. less than 2 % residual moisture).
Criteria forSystemSelection
1.What is the ratio betweenminimumand maximum steam quantity in the control range?
2.What is the pressure and the temperature of the available cooling water?
3.How close must the temperature of the desuperheated steam be to that of saturated steam?
Questions concerning System Design
1.Maximum steam flow at inlet? 2.Minimum steam flow at inlet?
3.Maximum service pressure?
4.Maximum temperature at inlet? 5.Standard temperature at inlet? 6.Temperature at outlet? 7.Saturated-steam temperature?
8.Temperature of injected cooling water?
9.Injected cooling-water flow?
10.Cooling-water pressure at cooler?
11.Pump pressure?
12.Design pressure?
13.Design temperature?
14.Length of installation?
Technical Data
| System 1 | System 2 | ||
| Pressure rating | [bar] | 28 | 28 |
| Maximum temperature | [C] | 450 | 380 |
| Coolingwater pressureabove steam pressure | [bar] | 5-9 | 1 |
| Steamflowrate | [t/h] | 100 | 15 |
| Steamflowratio | 1:5 | 1 : 100 | |
| Set point above saturation temperature | [K] | 5 | 二 |
Application
Steam regenerators are used to produce saturated steam fora secondary system from steam or pressurized hot water.
Puresteam,withoutany contaminants that might be detrimental to health such as hydrazine,is produced.
Steamregeneratorsare thereforeespecially suited forsterilizing equipment in hospitals, steaming and drying chambers in the foodstuff industry,and for the production of distillates.
Technical Data (standard)
| Service pressure | primary | [bar] | 28 |
| Service temperature | primary | [C] | 250 |
| Service pressure | secondary | [bar] | 12 |
| Service temperature | secondary | [C] | 200 |
| Capacity range | [kW] | 5000 | |
| Feedwater quality | [uS/cm] | ||
| Boilerwater quality | [uS/cm] |
Standard Installation
Steamregenerators with self-acting, electric or electropneumatic heating-steam control
| Type | Pure steam flowrate [kg/h] | [mm] | Overall length approx. [mm] | Max. design pressure/ temperature primary [bar/℃] | Max. design pressure/ temperature secondary [bar/C] |
| GRDE5 | 300 | 450 | 3300 | 12/200 | 6/200 |
| GRDE 6 | 600 | 500 | 3800 | 12/200 | 6/200 |
| GRDE 7 | 1000 | 600 | 3500 | 12/200 | 6/200 |
| GRDE8 | 1200 | 700 | 4000 | 12/200 | 6/200 |
GeSTRA
GESTRA Heat exchangerunit typeGESTRAheat
The GESTRAheat is a compact solution for transferring energy fromsteamtowater.It is suitable for generatingaprecise water temperature in applications with constant and foreseeable load conditions.
Fully assembled package with coordinated heat exchangers and temperature control devices.
Additional safety,control and steam treatment systems (if required) are easy to install.
GESTRAheat heat transfer system comprising:
Shell and tube heat exchanger equipped as follows:
Control on the condensate side
Stopvalve on thesteam side
On the condensate side: Electricallyactuated controlvalve
Measurement and control equipment: Temperature sensor,temperature regulator, thermometer
The system is assembled and wired ready for connection,and is delivered on a sturdy base frame.
Power supply: 230 V, 50 Hz
| Nominal power (kW) | Type | Valve type | Dimensions (mm) | Flanged ends DN | ||||
| Height | Length | Width | Steam | Water | Condensate | |||
| 200 | GH-200kW | Pneumatic | 1951 | 1472 | 775 | 40 | 50 | 25 |
| 400 | GH-400kW | Electric | approx.1865 | approx.1500 | approx. 900 | 50 | 65 | 25 |
| 600 | GH-600kW | Pneumatic | approx.2025 | approx.1500 | approx. 935 | 65 | 80 | 25 |
| 800 | GH-800kW | Electric | approx.2080 | approx.2000 | approx.965 | 80 | 100 | 40 |
| 1000 | GH-1000kW | Pneumatic | approx. 2275 | approx. 2000 | approx.965 | 100 | 100 | 40 |
| 1200 | GH-1200kW | Electric | approx. 2275 | approx.2000 | approx.965 | 100 | 100 | 40 |
GeSTRA
Application
To avoid corrosion damage to steam boiler plants,the content of aggressive gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide,in the feedwatermust beas lowas possible.The German Technical Supervisory Association (VdTUV) has issued directives concerning boiler feedwater quality which are applied by German boiler manufacturers when giving a warranty on their boilers. Thermal deaeration in addition to chemical deaeration is very important for maintaining the required feedwater quality.
Recommendation:
For quality of soft water: Concentration of chloride approx. 5 0 ~ { m g / l } Conductivity approx.250 uS/cm
| Type | Capacity | Heixg.tm | |
| 250 | 0.5-1.6 | 250 | 1050 |
| 350 | 1.7-3.0 | 350 | 1260 |
| 450 | 3.1-5.0 | 450 | 1280 |
| 550 | 5.1-8.0 | 555 | 1300 |
| 650 | 8.1-11.0 | 650 | 1820 |
| 800 | 11.1 - 15.0 | 800 | 1850 |
| 900 | 15.1- 19.0 | 900 | 1870 |
| 1000 | 19.1-24.0 | 1000 | 1880 |
| 1200 | 24.1-33.0 | 1200 | 2323 |
| 1400 | 33.1-40.0 | 1400 | 2473 |
| Size | LengthVolume oftank | ||
| 1 | 800 | 2360 | 1000 |
| = | 1000 | 2940 | 2000 |
| 1200 | 3050 | 3000 | |
| IV | 1200 | 3550 | 4000 |
| V | 1600 | 3680 | 6000 |
| VI | 1600 | 4680 | 8000 |
| VII | 1600 | 5680 | 10000 |
| VIII | 2000 | 5000 | 16000 |
| IX | 2000 | 7850 | 22000 |
| X | 2500 | 7050 | 30000 |
| XI | 2500 | 9100 | 40000 |
Technical Data (Standard
| Max.service pressure | Max.service temperature | Capacity range | Materials (DIN reference) | Residual oxygen |
| 0.5bar | 111C | 0.5-24 m³/h | S235JRG2 | |
| 1.4571 |
The base support, access ladder and operating platform are not part of the GESTRA AG product range.
Consisting of:
Deaerator dome NDR,completely of stainless steel 1.4571,wet deck surface permanently welded
surfacetreament:pickledandpassivated
feedwater tank SW,material: S235JRG2
surface treatment:anti-rust coating outside,untreated inside
Operating conditions:
Condensate approx. 7 0 % ,make up water approx. 3 0 % (204号
heating steam pressure:5-10 barg,operating pressure:O.3 barg
admissible service pressure: O.5 barg,admissible service temperature: 111 ^ \circ { \mathsf { C } } (20
ManufacturedandtestedinaccordancewithED2014/68/EUandADoBultin,conforityassessment:paragraph4ction3 Without official acceptance inspection but with factory pressure test
If operated properly, the residual oxygen value 0 _ { 2 } will be below 0 . 0 2 \ : { m g / l } and carbon dioxide \mathsf { C O } _ { 2 } will no longer be detectable.
Supplied with:
Basicequipment forthe feedwaterdeaerator,water level control Heating steam control (mechanical or electropneumatic)
Base,access ladder and operator platform are not included in our product range.
| Type | Service pressure | Service temperature | Capacity | Residual oxygen |
| FD-2m/FD-2p | 0.5barg | 111C | 1.0 - 2.0 m3/h | |
| FD-4m /FD-4p | 2.1 - 4.0 m3/h | |||
| FD-6m /FD-6p | 4.1 - 6.0 m3/h | |||
| FD-8m/FD-8p FD-10m/FD-10p | 6.1 - 8.0m3/h | |||
| 8.1-10.0m3/h |
GeSTRA
Application
Condensate flash vessel
Condensate flashvesselscanbeused inall steam plants where condensate from steam consumers isreduced toa lowerpressure. This pressure drop constitutes a change of the energy content that causes some of the condensate to revaporize and form flash steam.
In the flash vessel the flash steam is separated from the water,and then fed into a low-pressure steam system.The condensate remaining in the flash vessel is discharged into a condensate tank.
Blowdown flash vessel
Blowdown flash vessels are used if the flash steam formed downstream of continuous blowdown valves is to be utilized.
| Type | Service presure | Service ecpgerture | Condensateflowrate | Volume | (DINrteriene) |
| VD | 0.5-12 | 111-250 | 1.2-40 | 50-1400 | S235JRG2 P265GH |
| VD 45 | 28 | 250 | 0.2-1.2 | 15 | P265GH GGG-40.3 |
Technical Data
| Max.service pressure | Max. temperature | Capacity range | Material |
| 0.5bar | 111℃ | up to 15 t/h | S235JRG2 (RSt 37-2) |
| P265GH (H II) | |||
| 1.4541 | |||
| 1.4571 |
Description
Mixingcoolersare blowdown receivers that cool hot waste water that can no longer beused for heat recoveryand therefore is discharged into pits,drains or sewage systems.
Application
Process plants where contaminated,hot waste water is being formed.
Steamboiler plantswhere the blowdown is cooled withuntreated water.
Mixing coolers for vapours.
GeSTRA
Technical Data
| Service pressure | Related temperature | Capacity range | Material | Volume [ |
| 18 bar | 250℃ | up to 15 t/h | S235JRG2/ P265GH | 4to50 |
Description
The condensate dampening pot provides a cushioningeffecttoneutralizewaterhammer. The condensate is discharged without noise.
Application
Steam and condensate systems.
Air/SteamDriersand PurifiersTD/TP (Steam Separators)
D GESTRA
Description
Steam separatorsareused to remove condensateanddirtywatercarry-over from steam.Bythismeans trouble-freeoperation andalongservice lifeof the heat exchanger and steam consumer is obtained.
Application
Downstream of steam boilers and steamgenerating units. Between boiler and superheater. In steamlinesahead of steam manifolds In district-heating lines and flash steam lines.
Upstream of turbines,steam engines,steam tools.
For direct heating with steam. Inspray-vapour humidifiersystems for airconditioning plants.
| Pressure rating | Nominal sizes DN | Materials |
| PN16 PN 40 PN 63 PN 100 | 15 to 500 mm | P235GH |
| S235JR+N | ||
| P265GH | ||
| 16Mo3 | ||
| 1.4571 |
GeSTRA
1. Flash vessel
2.Steam pressure reducing station
3.Condensate recovery and return system (rectangular type)
4.Condensate recovery and return system (cylindrical type)
5.Steam-powered condensate return unit
6.Blowdown receiver ("mixing cooler")
7.Feedwater deaerator
8.Water-bath desuperheater
Desuperheater: injection spray type
9.Steam regenerator
10.Steam drier TD
11. Heat exchanger
E-mail: info@de.gestra.com
Condensate flowrate kg/h Condensatetemperature ℃ Condensate pressure bar(a)
Tank design:
丨angularroundhorizontalverticalopenclosed
Condensate pumps:
Qty.
Discharge head mWS Mains voltage
Horizontal pump Vertical pump
Typical Installations
Supply options:
Accessoriesdetached Accessories assembled and interconnected
Condensate tankmade of:
Steel
Stainless steel grade 1.4571 (X6 CrNiMoTi17-12-2)
Yourdetails
| Name/Title |
| Company Name |
| Telephone |
| Fax |
| Date |
E-mail: info@de.gestra.com
Reducing of steam pressure
yesno If yes, Self-acting control □Electro-pneumatic
Steam flowrate
Steam pressure:
P1 bara/psia upstream of pressure reducing station \mathsf { P } _ { 2 } bara/psia downstream of pressure reducing and cooling station
Cooling fluid:
\mathsf { P } _ { 4 } bar/psi upstream of cooler if not fitted
t4 (20 \mathring { - } \mathtt { C } upstream of cooler
Water-bathdesuperheater
{ t } _ { 2 } = { t } _ { \mathbb { S } }
Injection cooler
{ t } _ { 2 } = { t } _ { { s } } + > 5 ^ { \circ } controllable
Supply options forwater-bath desuperheater:
Accessoriesdetached
Accessoriesassembled
Steam temperature:
t1 ^ \circ { \mathsf { C } } upstream of pressure reducing station or when no more pressure reduction takes place upstream of cooling unit t2 ^ { \circ } \complement downstream of pressure reducing and cooling station
Typical Installations
Yourdetails
| Name/Title |
| Company Name |
| Telephone |
| Fax |
| Date |
E-mail: info@de.gestra.com
Puresteam output kg
Service data (primary)
Medium: □Steam Hot water Pressure bara/psia Temperature On ^ { \circ } \complement Temperature Off_ 1 ^ { \circ } \mathtt { C }
Services data (secondary)
Medium: □Steam Feedwater Pressure bara/psia Temperature C
Pneumatic
Feedwater control Solenoid valve or control valve
Yourdetails
| Name/Title |
| Company Name |
| Telephone |
| Fax |
| Date |
E-mail: info@de.gestra.com
Boiler capacity kg/h
Make-up water flowrate kg/h Temperature approx. ℃
Steam pressure bar(a)
Service pressure (deaerator)
Make-up feed control Electric Pneumatic Pressure control Self-acting Electric Pneumatic
Typical Installation
Yourdetails
| Name/Title |
| Company Name |
| Telephone |
| Fax |
| Date |
E-mail: info@de.gestra.com
Pressure { ±b { \mathsf { p } } } _ { 1 } upstream of steam trap at steam user P1= bar(a)/psi(a) (boilerpressure at flash vessel) Pressure { \mathfrak { p } } _ { 2 } of flash steam at flash outlet to low pressure system P2= bar(a)/psi(a) Pressure { ±b p } _ { 3 } downstream of steam trap after the flash vessel P3= bar(a)/psi(a) Condensate flowrate to flash off m= kg/h
Typical Installation
Yourdetails
| Name/Title |
| Company Name |
| Telephone |
| Fax |
| Date |
E-mail: info@de.gestra.com
Hot-water flowrate kg/h Material Steel Edelstahl 1.4571
Hot-water temperature ℃
Hot-water pressure bar(a) Application
Cooling-water temperature ℃ Boiler blowdown □Other
Cooling-water pressure bar(a) Flash steam condensation
Typical Installation
Mixingcoolerwithcooling-watercontroland,onrequest,withadditionalflash-steamcondensation
Yourdetails
| Name/Title |
| Company Name |
| Telephone |
| Fax |
| Date |
E-mail: info@de.gestra.com
Service data (primary)
Medium: □Steam Hot water Thermal oil
Pressure bar/psi Temperature (in) C Flowrate kg/h Temperature (out) C
Material: Steel Stainless steel grade 1.4571 (X6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-2)
Service data (secondary)
Medium: □Steam Hot water Thermal oil
Pressure bar/psi Temperature (in) ℃ Flowrate _kg/h Temperature (out) C
Material: Steel Stainless steel grade 1.4571 (X6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-2)
Typical Installation
GESTRA Heat Exchanger controlled fromthe steam sidewith constant temperatureofthe secondary circuit
Control Self-actingElectric Pneumatic
Controlledfromthecondensateside
esign horizontal tube bundle heat exchanger vertical tube bundle heat exchanger GESTRA heat exchanger unit type GESTRAheat
GESTRA HeatexchangerunittypeGESTRAheat
Yourdetails
| Name/Title |
| Company Name |
| Telephone |
| Fax |
| Date |
E-mail: info@de.gestra.com
Medium: Saturated steam □Superheated steam □Air Gas
Flowrate: m= kg/h VN= Nm³/h
Service pressure: p= bara/psia
Service temperature: t= ℃C
Admissible pressure: p= barg/psig
Approved temperature: t= C
Material:
| Name/Title |
| Company Name |
| Telephone |
| Fax |
| Date |
Academy Page
Mobile Testing Station, See-Through Demo Facility. 182
Tools for Design Engineers, Users & Operators Page
Programs& Sizing Software.. 183
GESTRA Steam Traps & Valves Library CAD drawings. .183
Documentation and Reference Literature Page
GESTRA Condensate Manual 184
Brochuresand Leaflets. .184
Technical Infos. .184
Data Sheets, Installation and Operating Instructions. .184
General Information Page
InformationonATEXDirective2014/34/EU 185
Information on Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 2014/68/EU. 186-189
Combined Imperial and S.I.Steam Tables 190-191
DINMaterial Reference Chart. 192
Design of GESTRA Valves. 193
Search Index Page
Index by Product Name. 194-196
Index by Product Code. .197-199
GeSTRA
Our GESTRA Academy offers a broad portfolio of in-depth vocational training seminars for design engineers,consultants,manufacturers and operators.As part of the workshops there will be practical hands-on demonstrations at our stateof-the-art simulation facilities on site. Evaluating and understanding what is going on in a steam system helps preventing costly malfunctions and downtime.
Mobile Testing Station
Our mobile testing station is a testing,demonstration and training facility on wheels.We would be happy to send our mobile testing station togetherwith our experienced support engineers to you in order to solve your operating problems directly on site and conduct training seminars on your premises.You provide steam,water and electricity and, by means of our mobile testing station,we provide a comprehensive and personalized workshop tailored to your specific requirements and focusing on steam and condensate systems.
Steam Trap Test Benches
Demonstrationof up-to-date electronic monitoring equipmentforsteam trapsup to 2O barservice pressure.The installation clearly illustrates the operational mode of the various systems.
Steam Boiler Demonstration Facility
This simulation facility provides the opportunity to demonstrate the newest and most effective boiler equipment. Design engineers, manufacturers and operators can observe different operating modes andsimulations of in-service failures.Thanks to these demonstration sessions individuals gain the knowledge needed to prevent expensive failures and downtime.
See-Through Demo Facility
Ourcustom-built see-through demo facilitymakes thermodynamic processes in steam and condensate systems visible.The whole installation is completely made from glass and allows the spectators to see effectsand properties otherwise hidden from the human eyes.This facility illustrates ina practical manner some of the more abstract concepts discussed during the workshopsand seminars.
Please call us so that we can schedule a demonstration with our mobile testing station at your facility. Telephone: + 4 9 4213503-218/-376
Sizing & Selection Software and Useful Tools for Steam Practitioners
Forthe followingsoftware tools go towww.gestra.com/resources
CAESar Steam trap selecting&sizing software (multilingual) www.gestra.com Select by application or by type.Filter criteria: functional type, nominal pressure,end connectionandmaterial. Output with specification text and ordering details.
GESTRACALCUquick
Asoftware tool to help designersand steam practitioners calculate valve sizes and flow velocitiesand determinesteam,condensateand pipe parameters.
GESTRA Steam Traps& Valves Library
To help you design and plan an installation we ofer you our extensive library with CAD drawings.
GESTRA CondensateManual
This handbook is intended for operators and users and illustrates typical applications encountered in steam and condensate systems,shows examples of installation and describes processes and equipment.
Brochures&Leaflets
For more detailed information on products,properties,designs,function and application.
Technical Infos
Answers are given to frequently asked questions regarding condensate lines,steam,boiler equipment, non-returnvalvesand manymore topics.
DataSheetsand InstallationManuals
Technical specification of our products,description of intended use and function.
Informationondesign,installation,maintenanceand safeoperation.
Available in many languages.
Please go to our website for more information: www.gestra.com
Manufacturer's Declaration on the ATEX Directive (explosion protection)
European Directive 2014/34/EU (ATEX) governs the requirements for equipment that is operated in potentially explosive atmospheres. Here,the potentially explosive atmosphere is the surrounding atmosphere.
As of 20 April 2O16,this European Directive has applied to the operation of electrical and non-electricalequipmentintheEUmemberstates.
The items of equipment named below have been inspected as regards their suitability for use in potentially explosive atmospheres in accordance with the above-mentioned Directive. The equipment does not have its own potential ignition source,in accordance with Annex l, section 1.3.Therefore,on the basis of paragraph 2,section (1),the Directive does not apply. According to paragraph 30 (2) of Regulation (EC) No.765/20o8,these items of equipment must notbe labelled with the CE mark in relation to Directive 2O14/34/EU.Neither do these items requirea Declarationof Conformityas per2014/34/EU.
When used for their intended purpose-described in the relevant GESTRA data sheets and Installation & Operating Manuals -and as they do not have their own potential ignition source,the items of equipment named belowmay be used inpotentially explosive atmospheres.
The GESTRA items of equipment mentioned below,
in the version without electrical or pneumatic attachments,
are suitable for operation in the following zones: Zone O,1,2 (gases). Steam traps,steam trapaccessories:
TypeAK,BK,DK,IB,MK,SMK,TK,UBK,UC,UNA,VK
Mechanical control valves:
Type BW, CW
Special equipment and vessels for heat recovery:
Type TD,ED
The GESTRA items of equipment mentioned below are suitable for operation in the following
zones: Zone 0,1,2 (gases)and Zone 20,21,22(dusts)
Check valves:
Type BB,CB,MB,RK,SBO
Strainers:
Type SZ
Note: Some electrical and non-electrical items of equipment marketed by GESTRA and not mentioned here can be used in certain potentially explosive atmospheres.If you have any questions about using this equipment in potentially explosive atmospheres for your particular application,please contact us.Please note that certain items of GESTRA equipment have a Declaration of Conformity with other European directives,and therefore bear the CE mark.If necessary,you can find details in the relevantdata sheets,Installation&Operating Manuals and Declarations of Conformity.
Bremen,Juli2021 iV. Sls
Kerstin Borchers ATEX Officer
| Pressure CL acc.to name plate | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| A1-Steam Traps | Valve | Type | Type no. | PN/CL | |||||||||||||||||||
| X | 845 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| X | X | AK451) BK15 | 716 | 40 | 小 | ||||||||||||||||||
| X | H | X | BK15 | 716 | CL300 CL150 | ||||||||||||||||||
| H | X | BK15 BK27N1) | 716 712 | 40 | /// | ||||||||||||||||||
| X | H | X | 712 | 63 | |||||||||||||||||||
| X | H | X | BK28 | 713,870100/CL600 714,871160/CL900 | |||||||||||||||||||
| X X | BK29 | BK36,36A/7(Swivel707846 | 40/CL300 | BK36A/7 inconjunction with UC/UCY | |||||||||||||||||||
| X | 719,717 | CL40/00 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| X | BK37 BK45 | 708 | 40/CL300 40/CL300 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| X | BK46 | 711 | 715,872630/CL2500 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| X X | BK212 DK36A/7 (Swivel) | 846 877 | CL300 40 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| X X DK45 | 878,879 750 | 63/CL600 10/16 | in conjunction with UC/UCY | VV** | |||||||||||||||||||
| H | DK47.57 GK11 | 750 16 720 | 6 | *)DN100+150=PN10 | |||||||||||||||||||
| GK21 MK20 | 40 | CL300 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| X | H H | MK25/2 MK25/2 | 729 | CL150 | 一 | ||||||||||||||||||
| X | MK25/2 | 729 734 | 40 CL300 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (X) (X) | H H | MK25/2S MK25/2S | 734 734 | CL150 | |||||||||||||||||||
| MK 25/2S | MK36A/7(Swivel) 846 | CL300 40/CL300 | 40/CL300 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pressure CL acc.to name plate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valve | Type | PN/CL | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Type no. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A2-Check Valves | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| X | H | X | X X | BB12A/22A/32A 14A/24A/34A | 149 149 | 10 | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||||
| X | H H | X X | X | BB BB | 15A/25A/35A | 149 | 16 25/CL150 | √ | √ √ | ? | ||||||||||||||
| X X | H X | X | BB | 16A/26A/36A | 149 | 40/CL300 | √ √ | √ | √ √ | √ √ √ | ? | |||||||||||||
| X | H | X | X | BB | 17A | 149 | 63 | √ √ | √ | √ | ? | |||||||||||||
| X | H | X | X | BB | 18A | 149 | 100/CL600 | 2.DN 800=ASME 30" | 1.BB DIN-&ASME | √ √ | √ ? | |||||||||||||
| X | H | X | X | BB | 19A | 149 | 160/CL900 | (DN750) | ||||||||||||||||
| X | H | X | X | BB | 12C/22C/32C | 143 | 10 | √ | ? | |||||||||||||||
| X | H | X | X | BB | 14C/24C/34C | 143 | 16 | √ | √ | |||||||||||||||
| X | H | X | X | BB | 15C/25C/35C 16C/26C/36C | 143 | 25/CL150 40/CL300 | √ | √ | ? | ||||||||||||||
| X | H | X X | X X | BB BB 17C | 143 143 | 63 | √ | √ | ? | |||||||||||||||
| X X | H H | X | X | BB 18C | 143 | 100/CL600 | √ | |||||||||||||||||
| X | H | X | X | BB 19C | 143 | 160/CL900 | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||||||
| (X) | H | X | BB | 11G/21G | 140 | 6 | √ | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||
| X | H | X | BB 12G/22G | 140 10 | √ | |||||||||||||||||||
| X (X) | H H | X X | BB 14G/24G CB 14 | 140 138 | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||
EU: Pressure Equipment Directive 2014/68/EU,CE marking,exemption according to Article 4(3) UK: Pressure Equipment (Safety) Regulation 2016 no.1105,UKCA marking,exemptionaccording to Regulation 8.
| Pressure CL acc. to name plate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valve | Type | Type no. | PN/CL | 600 | 800 | 90010001200 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| A4-SelfActingTemperature&PressureController | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (X) | H | X | 5801 | 270 | 16 | / / | /// | √ | ||||||||||||||||||
| (X) | H | X | 5801 | 270 | 25 | 1 √ | √ | ? | ||||||||||||||||||
| (X) | H | X | 5801 | 272 | 40 | √ | √ | √ √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||||
| (X) | H | X | 5801 | 273 | 40 | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||||||||
| (X) | H | X | 5610 | 274 | 16 | / | √ | |||||||||||||||||||
| (X) | H | X | 5610 | 274 | 25 | √ | √ √ | √ | ||||||||||||||||||
| (X) | H | X | 5610 | 275 | 40 | 1 | √ √ | √ | ||||||||||||||||||
| X | BW | 31 | 032 | 25+40+CL150 | 1 | 1 | DN15-25=PN40as from2002 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (X) | H | X | X | BW BW | 31A | 033 | 25+40 | √ | DN15-25=PN40asfrom2002 | |||||||||||||||||
| (X) | H | X | X x1) | CW | 31A 41 | 033 | CL150 / | / / | / / | |||||||||||||||||
| X1) X1) | CW41/4 | 035 035 | 16 | / | / | |||||||||||||||||||||
| X | CW44 | 036 | 16 25 | /// | / | |||||||||||||||||||||
| X | X | CW | 44k | 036 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| X | Clorius L1S | 235 | 16 | / | ||||||||||||||||||||||
EU:Pressure Equipment Directive 2014/68/EU,CE marking,exemption according to Article 4(3) UK: Pressure Equipment (Safety) Regulation 2016 no.1105,UKCA marking,exemptionaccording to Regulation 8.
| Pressure CL acc. to name plate | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| mrkino1 | Valve Type | Type no. PN/CL | ||||||||||||||||||||
| A6-Safety Valves | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| X | B+D | X | GSV 4421 | 300 | ||||||||||||||||||
| X | B+D | X | X | GSV 4425 | 300 | |||||||||||||||||
| X | B+D | X | X | GSV 4422 | 300 | |||||||||||||||||
| X | B+D | X | X | GSV 4414 | 300 | |||||||||||||||||
| A7-Strainer | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| A | x) | GSF11,14 | 431 | 6-16* | √ | *) liquids max.10 bar | ||||||||||||||||
| (X) | H | X | X | GSF 24,25,35,36,46A | 431 | 16-40 | / | |||||||||||||||
| (X) | H | X | X | GSF 332-334,336-338 | 430 | 16-160 | ||||||||||||||||
| (x) | X | X | GSF | 341-348 | 430 6-25 | / | / | |||||||||||||||
| (x) H (X) | H XX | SZ36A | 437 40/CL300 | |||||||||||||||||||
| A8-StopValvesights | X | X | GAV | 36,66F, 66AF | 447149 | 40/25 | √ | |||||||||||||||
| (X) | H H | X | X | GAV | 64F,65F | 445,446 | 16-25 | / | *) = GAV 66F | |||||||||||||
| (X) (x) | H | X | X | GAV | 63F | 444 | 16 / | //1 | ||||||||||||||
| (X) | H X | X | GSG | 405,406 | 453 16,40 | |||||||||||||||||
| (X) 443 | 424 | H Xx | GSG | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||
| (X) | BIntei | H X | X | Vortex 84W-U | 110 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||
| Not covered by the Pressure Equipment Directive or must not bear this mark | onrequest | ForspecialversionsofGESTRAseriesequip- ment, e.g.otherconnectionsizes, it isneces- | |
| Not part of GESTRA product range | (X)CE-marking depending on size | sary to ascertain whether the equipment must | |
| Is declared conform | (X)*on request | beaccompanied by the declaration of confor- nity hastobearthemarki |
| VACUUM | 46898 | ||||||||||||
| VACUUM These figures are in inches of Mercury | Pasure | ||||||||||||
| 86 | 5192208009 | 898818222272 | 18.926012133998611.2722元22866 | e Prsoute Absolute | |||||||||
| 99.99 | 乙ZZ | 0 8 | 50 | ||||||||||
| 94886909 | 22282268882996222682920 | ||||||||||||
| TSaturatorne s | |||||||||||||
| 2忆7 | m3/kg | ||||||||||||
| 22886604220392886 | ft3/1b |
| 00000000000000000000000000 |
| EN Material Designation | Old Material Designation (DIN) | ASTM | |||
| Number | Symbol | Number | Symbol | equivalent1) | Material |
| 1.0038 | 235JRG2 | 1.0038 | RSt 37-2 | A284-B | Constructional steel |
| 1.0315 | P235G2TH | 1.0315 | ST 37.8 | 二 | Constructional steel |
| 1.0345 | P235GH | 1.0345 | ST 35.8 (HI) | A285-CA | High-qualitysteel(structuralstel) |
| 1.0460 | P250GH | 1.0460 | C22.8 | A105 | Forged steel,unalloed (carboel) |
| 1.0619 | GP240GH | 1.0619 | GS-C 25 | A216-WCB | Cast stee (carbon steel) |
| 1.4006 | X12Cr13 | 1.4006 | X10 Cr 13 | A182-F6A | Chromium steel |
| 1.4008 | GX7CrNiMo12-1 | 1.4008 | G-X 8 CrNi 13 | Cast stainless steel | |
| 1.4021 | X20Cr13 | 1.4021 | X20 Cr 13 | AISI 420 | Chromium steel |
| 1.4027 | GX20Cr14 | 1.4027 | G-X 20 Cr 14 | - | (Cast) chromium steel |
| 1.4107 | GX8CrNi12 | 1.4107 | G-X 8 CrNi 12 | A217-CA15 | Chromium steel |
| 1.4301 | X5CrNi18-10 | 1.4301 | X5 CrNi 18 10 | A182-F304 | Forgedstasel |
| 1.4308 | GX5CrNi19-10 | 1.4308 | G-X 6CrNi 189 | A351-CF8 | Cast stainlessteel, |
| 1.4317 | GX4CrNi13-4 | 二 | 二 | A743 CA6NM | Cast stainless steel |
| 1.4404 | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | 1.4404 | X2CrNiMo17132 | A182 F316L | Forged stainlesssteel,ustenitic |
| 1.4408 | GX5CrNiMo19-11-2 | 1.4408 | G-X 6CrNiMo 18 10 | A351-CF8M | Cast stainlessel |
| 1.4435 | X2CrNiMo18-14-3 | 1.4435 | X2 CrNiMo 18 14 3 | AISI 316L | Stainlesseel |
| 1.4541 | X6CrNiTi18-10 | 1.4541 | X6 CrNiTi 18 10 | - | Forgedstainlesseel,ti |
| 1.4550 | X6CrNiNb18-10 | 1.4550 | X6 CrNiNb 18 10 | A182-F347 | Forgedstainlseel |
| 1.4552 | GX5CrNiNb19-11 | 1.4552 | G-X 5 CrNiNb 18 9 | A351-CF8C | Caststainlessel |
| 1.4571 | X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 | 1.4571 | X6 CrNiMoTi17122 | AISI 316Ti | Forged stainlesssteel, |
| 1.4581 | GX5CrNiMoNb19-11-2 | 1.4581 | G-X 5 CrNiMoNb 18 10 | - | Caststainsel |
| 1.4901 | X10CrWoMoVNb9-2 | 1 | 二 | A182-F92 | Forgedsteel,ighlyheatestant |
| 1.4903 | X10CrMoVNb9-1 | 1.4903 | X10 CrMoVNb 91 | A182-F91 | Forgedsteel,highlyattt |
| 1.4922 | X20 CrMo V11-1 | 1.4922 | X20 CrMo V121 | - | Forged steel, heat resistant |
| 1.4923 | X22CrMoV12-1 | 1.4923 | X22 CrMo V12 1 | - | Forgedstel,atsan |
| 1.4980 | X6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-2 | 1.4980 | X5NiCrTi 26 15 | - | Forged steel, hatristnt |
| 1.4496 | X7 CrNiMo BNb 16-16 | 1.4986 | X8 CrNiMo BNb 16 16 | Forgedsteel,at | |
| 1.5415 | 16Mo3 | 1.5415 | 15Mo3 | A182-F1 | Forged steel,heat rtat |
| 1.5419 | G20Mo5 | 1.5419 | GS-22 Mo 4 | A217-WC1 | Cast steel,atreant |
| 1.7225 | 42CrMo4 | 1.7225 | 42CrMo4 | A193-B7 | Forged steel,eatsan |
| 1.7335 | 13CrM04-5 | 1.7335 | 13 CrMo4 4 | A182-F12-2 | Forgedsteel,heat reistant |
| 1.7357 | G17CrMo5-5 | 1.7357 | GS-17 CrMo 5 5 | A217-WC6 | Cast steel,heat snt |
| 1.7380 | 10CrMo9-10 | 1.7380 | 10 CrMo 9 10 | A182 F22-3 | Forgedsteel,atsant |
| 1.7383 | 11CrMo9-10 | 二 | A182 F22-3 | Forged steel,heat rtat | |
| 1.7709 | 21CrMoV 5-7 | 1.7709 | 21CrMoV57 | - | Forgedsteel,ats |
| 2.4600 | Hastelloy B-3 | 2.4600 | NiMo 29Cr | B335/564 | Hastelloy B |
| 2.4610 | NiMo 16Cr 16Ti | 2.4610 | NiMo 16Cr 16Ti | B574 | Hastelloy C |
| 2.4632 | Nimonic 90 | 2.4632 | NiCr20 Co18Ti | - | Nimonic 90 |
| 2.4669 | Inconel X750 | 2.4669 | NiCr15 Fe7 TiAL | B637,NACE M-01-75nconelX750 | |
| 3.7035 | Ti2 | 3.7035 | B348/381 | Titan | |
| 5.1301 (EN-JL 1040) | EN-GJL-250 | 0.6025 | GG-25 | A126-B | Grey cast iron |
| 5.3103 (EN-JS 1025) | EN-GJS-400-18-LT | 0.7043 | GGG-40.3 | A395 | S. G. (ductile) iron |
| 5.3106 (EN-JS 1030) | EN-GJS-400-15 | 0.7040 | GGG-40 | A536 60-40-18 | S. G. (ductile)iron toAD20004/W3/2 |
| 5.4202 (EN-JM 1030) | EN-GJMW-400-5 | 0.8040 | GTW-40 | - | S. G. (ductile) iron |
| (EN-JS 1049) 2) | (EN-GJS-400-18-U-LT) | 0.7043 | GGG-40.3 | A395 | Whiteheartmalleablecast iron |
| CW608N | CuZn 38 Pb 2 | 2.0371 | CuZN 38 Pb 1.5 (MS60) | Hot-pressed brass | |
| CW614N | CuZn 39 Pb 3 | 2.0401 | CuZn 39 Pb 3 | - | Brass |
| CW617N | Cu Zn 40 Pb 2 | 2.0402 | CuZn 40 Pb 2 | Brass | |
| CW710R | CuZn 35 Ni3Mn2Al Pb | ||||
| 2.0540 | CuZn 35 Ni 2 | - | Special brass | ||
| CW718R CC332G | CuZn 39 Mn1Al Pb Si CuAI10Ni3Fe2-C | 2.0561 2.0970.01 | CuZn 40 AI 1 G-CuAl 9 Ni | - | Special brass |
| CC480K-GS | CuSn10-Cu | 2.1050.01 | G-CuSn 10 | Bronze | |
| CC483K-GS | CuSn12-C | 2.1052.04 | GC-CuSn 12 | Bronze Bronze | |
| RaisedFacesataglance-ComparisonFlangeStandardDiNwithEN1092-1 | ||||||
| old (DIN) | new (EN 1092-1) | Remark | ||||
| Raised | Designation | Raised Designation | ||||
| C | Standard up to PN 40 | N11/N10 | 1. | Form C (old)is replaced by form B1 (new) | ||
| D | N9/N8 | B1 | Standard up to PN 40 | N10/N8 | Like form D but with def. groove | |
| E | Standard up to PN 63 | N8/N7 | b2 | Standard up to PN 63 | N8/N6 | Differenttolerance for roughness |
| F | Tongue | N9/N8 | C | Tongue | N8/N6 | Tongue heights do not match! |
| N | Groove | N9/N8 | D | Groove | N8/N6 | Groovedepthsdonotmatch! |
| V | Male face | N11/N10 | E | Male face | N10/N8 | Heights of male faces do not match! |
| R | Female face | N11/N10 | F | Female face | N10/N8 | Heightsoffemale facesdonotmatch! |
| V14 | Male face with turned groove | N11/N10 | H | O-ring groove | N8/N6 | Dimensions identical |
| R14 | Female face to V14 | N11/N10 | G | O-ring for male face | N8/N6 | Dimensions identical |
| L | Turned groove with convex seal | N6 | 1 | |||
| M | N8/N7 | 1. | ||||
Example:BK45 DN20 PN40 flanged to DIN2635 formD [standard flatface,roughness \mathsf { R a } = 3 . 2 - 6 . 3 \mu { m } (N8/N9)] or: RK 16A DN65 PN40 for flange to EN1092-1 form D (groove/groove face)
| Roughness Characteristics | ||||
| Roughness class (old) | Ra | Rz | Rt | CLA μ" |
| [um] | [um] | [um] | [uin] | |
| N1 | 0.025 | 0.22 - 0.30 | 0.24 - 0.40 | 1 |
| N2 | 0.05 | 0.45 - 0.60 | 0.49 - 0.80 | 2 |
| N3 | 0.1 | 0.8 - 1.1 | 0.85- 1.45 | 4 |
| N4 | 0.2 | 1.0 - 1.8 | 1.10 - 2.40 | 8 |
| N5 | 0.4 | 1.6 - 2.8 | 1.75 - 3.60 | 16 |
| N6 | 0.8 | 3.0 - 4.8 | 3.2-6.0 | 32 |
| N7 | 1.6 | 5.9-8.0 | 6.3-10 | 63 |
| N8 | 3.2 | 12.0 - 16.0 | 13.0 - 19.5 | 125 |
| N9 | 6.3 | 23-32 | 25-38 | 250 |
| N10 | 12.5 | 46-57 | 48 - 68 | 500 |
| N11 | 25 | 90- 110 | 95- 130 | 1000 |
| N12 | 50 | 160 -220 | 190- 250 | 2000 |
Definition of frequently used abbreviations for valves& steam traps
| PN, Class | Pressure classacc.to EN,ASME body of rules |
| PMA | Max.allowable pressure that pressure-bearing equipment can withstand |
| TMA | Max.allowable temperature that pressure-bearing equipment can withstand |
| p/T | Maximum pressure as a function of temperature that pressure-bearing equipment can withstand |
| △P | Operating diffrential pressure |
| △PMX | Maximum differential pressure (difference between operating pressure and operating back pressure) |
| TMO | Maximum operating temperature for which the operation of the equipment is guaranteed |
| PMO | Maximum operating pressure for which the operation of the equipment is guaranteed |
| PMOB | Maximum operating backpressure for which the operation of the equipment is guaranteed |
| PO | Operating pressure,measured at the valve/trap inlet |
| TO | Operating temperature,measured at the valve/trap inlet |
| PS | Maximum service pressure |
| TS | Maximum service temperature |
| Designation | Type | Product Range | Page | |
| Air trap | UNA 14P | A1 | 26 | |
| Air/steam drier/purifier (steam separator) | TP,TD | C | 171 | |
| Ball valve | GBV | A4 | 91 | |
| Ball-float steam trap | UNA | A1 | 10-16 | |
| Blowdown receiver (mixing cooler) | VDM | C | 169 | |
| Blowdown system,programme-controlled | B | 147 - 148 | ||
| Checkvalve | NAF-Check | A2 | 64-65 | |
| Check valve, dual-plate | BB | A2 | 55- 59,67 | |
| Condensatedampeningpot | ED | C | 170 | |
| Condensate drain valve | AK | A1 | 21- 22 | |
| Condensate ifter | UNA 25PS,UNA25PK | A1 | 27 | |
| Condensate pumps | CR, CRN,ASK | C | 二 | |
| Condensaterecoveryand returnsystem (open&closed types) | SDL/SDS | C | 159 - 160 | |
| Condesate recovery and return system | Quick CC | C | 158 | |
| Conductivitycontrolers | LRR | B | 137- 143 | |
| Conductivity electrodes | LRG | B | 137 - 143 | |
| Conductivity switches | LRS | B | 140-143 | |
| Connecting kit | KIT | A1 | 35 | |
| Continuousblowdown valve,withelectricactuator | BAE | B | 145-146 | |
| Continuous blowdown valve, without actuator | BA | B | 145 - 146 | |
| Controlterminal&displayunit | URB | B | 112-113 | |
| Control valve | GCV, ZK | A4 | 80-85 | |
| Controlvalve | ZK | A4 | 81-85 | |
| Controller (universal) | KS 92 | B | 二 | |
| Cooling watercontrolvalve,Gestramat | CW | A4 | 70 - 71 | |
| Deaerator dome | NDR | C | 二 | |
| Desuperheater,waterbath | KD | C | 163 | |
| Digital indiactor | GIA | B | 141 | |
| Displayunit for process data | SPECTORcontrol Il | B | 114- 115 | |
| Draining module | QuickEM,QuickE-Control | A1 | 31-33 | |
| Dual-platecheck valve | BB | A2 | 55-59,67 | |
| Feedwater tank | SW | C | 166 | |
| Filter/regulator | FRS | 8 | ||
| Flash vessel systems | VD | C | 168 | |
| Flowratecalculator | SPECTORcontrolFlow | B | 154 | |
| Gestramat, cooling water control valve | CW | A4 | 70-71 | |
| Gravity circulation check | SBO | A2 | 41 | |
| Heat exchanger unit | GESTRAheat | C | 165 | |
| High-capacity steam trap | TK23,TK24 | A1 | 21-22 | |
| Injection cooler | C | 163 | ||
| Intermittentblowdownvalvewithpneumaticactuator | MPA | B | 149- 150 | |
| Intermittent blowdown valve without actuator | PA | B | 149 - 150 | |
| Isolating valve | GAV BW | A8 | 89-90,92 | |
| Kalorimat, return temperature controlvalve | A4 | 72-73 | ||
| LED analog display | MB 1 | B | - | |
| Level controller | NRR | B | 112 - 113,122 - 123 | |
| Leveletit | NRG,NRGS,G | B | 118-119 | |
| Level electrodes/probes | NRG | B | 110- 125 | |
| Level limiter | NRG | B | 110-125 | |
| Level pots for electrodes | MF | B | 126- 127,144 | |




