Another greatfeatureofHYDROBAN Board is,because thecore is made from extruded polystyrene,provides an R-value of 2.23 per 1/" ( 1 2 . 7 {mm } ) .Depending upon the size ofthe steam roomand the output of the steam generator,the 2" ( 5 0 . 8 \mathsf {mm } ) thick HYDRO BAN Board may be sufficient forattaining the required insulation value needed to control dew point within the wallassembly.Please note that it is theresponsibilityof theproject design team todetermine the insulation requirements within thewallassemblyand to design the steam room and specify materials accordingly.

Peel and Stick Membranes-Peel and stick membranes are very similar to sheet type membranes in performance.The major difference between thetwostyles is thatthepeeland stick type does not rely onαseparate adhesive mortar to bond it to the substrate.These membranes are generally asphalt based with a reinforcing fabricon the tile bonding side of the membrane and α removable Kraft paper type backing which exposes α tacky surface once it is peeled away.The installation of peel and stick membranes begins with priming the substrate with the appropriate primer for the peel and stick membrane and/or the application.Some primers are latex based types and others can be epoxy-based materials.

Once the primer is in place,the removable film is peeled from the backside of the membrane and roled onto the primed substrate.

Precautions and concerns with peel and stick type membranes are as follows:

1. Careful consideration must be taken where the seams overlap.Spreading the tile mortar over the seam can be tricky and care should be taken to avoid humps where the tile lays over seams.
2.These types of membranes have α tendency to soften when exposed to sunlight.Windows that face the sun and let more sunlight in could pose problems for pel and stick membranes.
3.Cleaning regimens also playafactorin whether pel and stick membranes should be used or not.Solvents typically have an adverse efect on this type of membrane.Consult the manufacturer forspecific applications.
4.Use of these membrane types should be limited to areas outside the steam room/steam shower and other intermittent wet areas.These membranes should not be used in steam room/steam shower applications,but check with the membrane manufacturer to verify suitability for intended use.

NOTE:FRACTURE BANis not intended for use in steamroom/steam shower applications and should never be used for this purpose.

Trowel Applied Membranes -Trowel gpplied membranes come in variou forms,includingltexfortifiedcementbasedtypes (e.g. HYDRO BANCementiusterprfing),oxysine. LATAPOXY? Waterproof Flashing Mortar)and urethane types. Some of the trowel applied membranes include α reinforcing fabric Used in corners,coves,and to tie into plumbing fixtures (including drains).After the typical pre-treatments are made to cracks and transition areas,the mainapplication normall consistsof keying the membrane into the substrate with the flat side of the trowel. This s mmediatelyfollowedbycombing thematerial ingsingular direction,and then finallanother pass with the flat side of trowel to smooth the surface.A few key elements are the notches in the trowel,which actasqgauging device for the membrane. Most membranes require q certain thickness of product to ensure complete waterproofing coverage.As with all waterproofing membranes,the products should beapplied at the continuous required mil thickness to ensure waterproofing integrity.The use of a wet film gauge is recommended to assure acceptable uniform thickness.It may be necessary to check with the manufacturer of the trowelapplied membrane to see if it acts as an anti-fracture membrane as well.

LatexCement Based,TrowelAppliedMembranes-Thismembrane type is generally comprised of αliquid latex polymer that is mixed into α portland cement based powder.These products are generally very economical in cost and in ease of application.However, the physical characteristics (e.g.high perm rating)of these types of products generally minimize their use in demanding steam room/ steam shower applications.

NOTE:HYDRO BAN Cementitious Waterproofing is not intended for Use in steam room/steam shower qpplications and should never be used for this purpose.

Epoxy Based,TrowelAppliedMembranes-Epoxy membranere normally 3-component systems consisting of an epoxy hardener, epoxyresins,andgfilerpowder.Theseproductsare generallyery chemical resistant and suitable for steam room/steam shower applications.While epoxy membrane types are not typically used as the primary means of waterproofing in α steam room/steam shower,they are used to complement and tie into liquidapplied waterproofing membranes as α flashing mortar (please refer to Figure 6.3.5).

Someotheradvantages to this category typeof waterprofing are as follows:

■Flood testingcanbe performed inas little as24 hours at 7 0 ^ { \circ } F ( 2 1 ^ { \circ } 0

Adheres tmtal,suchstailess stl,swellsl
plumbing fixtures.
■Flexible and able to adhere to most substrates.
■Can be used as a flashing membrane to tie into other types of membranes or surfaces when required (e.g.pipe penetrations, etc...).

An example of this category type of waterproofing membrane is LATAPOXY? Waterproof Flashing Mortar

Figure 6.3.5-Epoxy waterproofing membrane is applied at thepipepenetrationsoverthecuredliqudopliedwaterprofing membrane to ensure α complete seal at the penetrations.

LiquidApplied Membranes-Thiscategorytypeoffersan ideal solution to the demanding requirements of steam room/steam showertileand stone applications.Inaddition,to holding up under normalconditions in these gplications,liquidapplied waterproofing membrane types are the easiest to install and provide many features and benefits.These features and benefits include:

■Providing both waterproofingand antifacture protection
■Meet ANSIA118.10 Standards for Waterproofing
■Meet ANSlA118.12 Standards for Crack Isolation
■Plumbing Code Approved
■UL GREENGUARD Gold certified forlow VOC emissions
■Thin-load bearing
■Shock resistant
■Fully compatible withα wide range of ceramic tile or stone installtion materials which are recommended for steam room/steam shower installations
Fullyformabletofitintotigtareas
■Can be shaped to follow any substrate contour

Flood estingcan vary according tothe membrane type and generallyranges from 2hours to7days q 7 0 ^ { \circ } \mathsf { F } ( 2 \mathsf { l } ^ { \circ } ( ) orabove.SeeTDS169"Flood Testing Procedures"formore information on performing flood tests.

■Some liquid applied waterprofing membranes (e.g. HYDRO BAN)maybe spray applied with acommercial,airless sprayer.

Figure 6.3.6－9235Waterproofing Membrane gpplied to concrete substrate.

Examplesof this categorytype indude9235Waterproofing Membrane and HYDRO BAN@Waterproofing Membrane is α liquid applied,fabric reinforced membrane that is thin,load bearing and completely compatible with LATICRETE Latex Thin-set Mortars.HYDRO BAN is α liquid applied membrane that is thin, load bearingand completely compatible with LATICRETE Latex Thin-set Mortars and maybe ready forflood testing inas litle s 2 hours (see HYDRO BAN Installtion Instructions,DS 663.5 for more information).

NOTE: HYDRO BAN Quick Cure is not intended for use in steam room/steam shower applications and should never be used for this purpose.For products in this category,please use HYDRO BAN or 9235 Waterproofing Membrane for steam rooms and steam showers.

Detailing of Penetrations/Seats/Door-Proper detailing of penetrations through α waterproofing membrane,vapor difusion retarder (vapor barrer),insulation,and tile or stone isone of the most vital installation elements for the long term functioning of these materials and the steam room/steam shower in general. Typicalyαflexiblesealant,suitableforthe intendedapplication (e.g.LATASILTMused with LATASIL9118Primer)isqcritical component to treating penetrations.Penetrations can range from lights,steam pipes,railings,door hinges,windows,and moreand come in a variety of shapes and sizes.

Keep in mind what should never happen in α steam room application; steam cannot escape the steam room or condensation and possible propertydamage can occur.It is important that al penetrations and penetration treatments be designed,specified andconstructed to prevent waterand water vapor from escaping the steam room.There is α generic drawing in Section 7that shows apossible way to detail certain pipe penetrations,but this drawing should not be relied upon to provide the perfect solution to preventing problems.It is theresponsibilityof theprojectdesign professional/team to design and specifythe proper materials and methods tochieveviablesolutions,and,itistheresponsibility of the instalation contractor to ensure that the penetrations are properly treated to prevent water and vapor fromescaping the steam room.The fact that one (or more in large steam rooms)of the penetrations gets extremely hot must also be taken into account and detailed acordinglywith materials that willbe unaffected by the high temperatures.

Seats are very common in steam room applications (especially in commercial steam rooms)and in manycases are parts of the structureof the steam room.In the vast majorityof steam rooms with seating,the seats are framed in,mudded and waterproofed along with the walls to makeαsingle,cohesive installation.These installations are finished with tile orstone using suitable LATICRETE tile installationproducts.In pre-formed steam rooms (refer to Figure 2.4.1）the seats are formed with the unit to createq seamless integralunit,butarerarely,ifever,tiled.Seatsandallhorizontal surfaces must slope towards the drain to prevent water from accumulatingand allow water to vacate through the drain.

In recent years,pre-formed seats have been developed that can be used in steam rooms and installed using several methods, incduding installation directlyon existing tile or stone.HYDRO BAN? Preformed Seat is high-densityexpanded polystyrene withgwaterprooffinish that is 1 0 0 % waterproof and ready-to-tile.HYDRO BAN Preformed Seat is 1 0 0 % compatible with all LATICRETE products that are suitable for use in steamroom/steam shower applications.

FloodTesting SteamRoomFloors－Ifrequiredbythedesign professional(s),general contractororbuildingowner,αflood testis conducted after the waterproofing membrane,and any penetrations within the depth towhere the flood test will be conducted,are treatedand allof the installed components reach full cure.The Interational Plumbing Codeprovides guidelines forfloodtesting shower pan liners as follows;

International Plumbing Code (IPC) Section 312.9 Shower Liner Test一Where shower floors and receptors are made water-tight by the application of materials required by IPC Section 417.5.2, the completed liner installation shallbe tested.The pipe from the shower drain shallbe plugged watertight for the test.The floor and receptor area shallbe flled with potable water to α depth of not less than 2 ^ { \prime \prime } (5lmm) measured at the threshold.Where α threshold of at least 2 ^ { \prime \prime } (5lmm) does not exist,atemporary threshold shall beconstructedtoretain thetest waterinthelinedfloororreceptor area toα level not less than 2 ^ { \prime \prime } (5lmm) deep measured at the threshold.The water shall be retained forα test period of not less thanl5 minutes,and there shallbe no evidence of leakage

ASTM D5957"Standard Guide for Flood Testing Horizontal Waterproofing Installations"can also serve as a basic guideline for flood testing steam room/steam shower qpplications.LATICRETE TDS169"FloodTesting Procedures",availableathtps://laticrete. com,can also provide guidanceonthis important step.

Generally,flood testsofshowerpan linersare performedforperiod of 12－48 hours and must be continuously monitored during the flood testperiod.Allpiping (withintheflood test depth)and drains must be plugged to make sure that no water escapes through them. Failure todosowillrendertheresultsof theflood testas inaccurate. If anymeasurableamountofwateris lostthefollowing proces wll be required;

■The steam room/steam shower floor will have to be drained completely;
■Verifythat no water was lostthrough the drainby placing water in an area large enough to cover the drain only. Watch to see if water is lost;
■Inspect for leaks;
■Repair the leak(s);
■Allow the waterprofing membrane used toffectrepairs to
fully cure;
Repeat flood test procedure.

Keep n mind thatif water can get out,then steam can get out!

Protectionof Waterprofing Membranes-LATICRETE waterproofing membranes must be allowed to cure fullyat the required temperature,as stated by the membrane manufacturer.The membrane (e.g.HYDRO BAN,HYDRO BAN Quick Cure,or 9235 Waterproofing Membrane）must be protected from UV exposure beyond the stated time period stated in the product data sheets (DS 663.0 for HYDRO BAN,DS 67O.4 for HYDRO BAN Quick Cure and DS 236.0 for 9235 Waterproofing Membrane which can be found at htps://laticrete.com)and from the elements,including rainand wind.Tenting and shading the work areas for the installation and cure periods is critical to ensuring the long-term performance of the installation system.

6.4 Tile Setting Mortars

Importance-Steam rooms/steam showers are exposed to unique factors not typicallyfound inother installtion types.The adhesive mortars must also be able to deal with moisture expansion/ contraction,thermal expansion and contraction,diferential movements,varying live loads,thermal cycling (more frequently in residential steam rooms/steam showers),and thermal shock. Therefore,the adhesive mortars and grouting materials must be able to withstand these demandingconditions inaddition to providing allof theperformance propertiesoftheadesive tomaintain high performance,durable tile installation.Tile,which is installed using anadhesive that is not suitablefortheaplication may damage property or harm people who are using the steam room/ steamshower facilityProperdesign,specification,instalation and maintenance of the steam room/steam shower and the tile installation are critical to the long-term performance of the system. LATICRETE Intermational manufactures Qrange of products that are ideal forsteamroomgplications.

Types of Mortars－There are three categories of mortars that are ideally suited for installationof tileorstone in αsteam room/steam shower;ThickBed Mortar,RedispersiblePolymer-fortfied Cement Mortar,and Epoxy Resin Adhesives.

Thick Bed Mortar-For installtionof tileor stone in α commercial steamroom,the TCNArequires theinstalationofmortarbed(e.g. 3701Fortified Mortar Bed,or,Quick Cure Mortar Bed)following TCNA SR-613(LATICRETEES-SR613) into metal lath (installed over α suitable vapor diffusion retarder),which has been attached to the structure using wire and pencil rods.

Redispersible Polymer Fortified Cement Mortar-The use of a high performance redispersible polymer fortified cement mortar designed for use in steam room/steam shower applications are dlso outstanding choices fortheseaplications.

257TitaniumTM,254 Platinumor MULTIMAXTMLITE mixed with potable water is α perfect choice for steam room/steam shower applications.The mortars listed are formulated to have high adhesive strength whileproviding theflexibilitytemperatureresstnce, moisture resistance,and other characteristics required of adhesive mortars used for ceramic tile and stone installations in steam rooms/steam showers and surrounding areas.These mortars also meet ANSlA118.15,the American National Standard Specification for Improved Modified Dry-set Cement Mortar.

Epoxy Resin Adhesives- LATAPOXY? 3OO Adhesive is another great product that is perfect for steam room/steamshower applications.LATAPOXY30O Adhesivecan not onlywithstand the heat,moistureand chemical attck from cleaners and sanitizers,it canalso provide the highest level of adhesion and strength to tile and stone which maynot beattained when using polymer-fortified mortars.LATAPOXY3OO Adhesive is also capable of bonding tile orstone directlyonadiffcult tobond tosubstrate(e.g.stainless steel,fiberglass,etc...).LAPOXYOOAdhesive isprfect choice when bondtile and stone that may be moisture sensitie resin backed,orqresinagglomerate stone.Check withthe tile manufacturer or stone supplier to make sure thatthe tile or stone is suitable for steam room/steam shower use.

6.5 Grout

Importance-As is thecase of any tile or stone installation,the grout is the most visible and most scrutinized part of the instalation system.The grout in steam room/steam shower applications is subject tovaryingandextremeconditions.Inadition,thegrouting materials must also be able to remain colorfast and maintain its performance integritywhen subjected to high temperatures,high humidity and the thermal forces found in steam room/steam shower applications.The grout should also be able to handle a suitable,wellplanned and consistently implementedeaning and sanitizing regimen designed for steam room systems.If possible,use neutral pH,low VOCcleaners that can be used in high temperature and high humidityapplications.

Epoxy Grout- SPECTRALOCK PRO Premium Groutt is an ideal choices for steam room/steam shower applications.These grouts offer both lower water absorption rates and improved chemical resistance when compared to traditional cement based grouts.Epoxy grouts are immune to the typical attack that traditional cement based grouts may face in these harsh conditions.Therefore,the life cycle cost for these materials is much lower than traditional latex cement based grouts that may require periodic re-grouting due to erosion caused by the extreme conditions in this environment.

Polymer Fortified and Latex Cement Grout-PERMACOLOR? Grout or PERMACOLOR Select are very good choices forgroutingin steam room/steam shower applications.It is important to note that these products have limited chemical resistance,and are typically only used where no exposure to aggressive or corrosive chemicals will.ccur.lf cement-based groutisselected forasteamroom/ steam shower,carefuldetail tothemaintenance regimen is required. At times,the extra cost assciated with additional maintenance of a cement-based grout used in steam rooms canbeofset with the selection and use of an epoxy grout (e.g.SPECTRALOCK PRO Premium Grout） that wil greatly reduce the maintenance required.

6.6 Sealants

Importance-Sealants used in steam rooms/steam showers are subjected to a host of movement related issues including,but not limited to,thealovement (e.g.ealexpasion/oaction thermalshock,moistureexpansion/ontraction,livesd diferential movement.Refer to Section7forinformationonthe proper specificationof sealants in steam room/steam showerapplications

Movement Joints－ Movement joint materials (e.g. 1 0 0 % silicone orurethane),specificallydesignedforthepurpose,are typically used as fillers only at movement joints,changes in plane,where dissimilar materials meets,andatanypenetrations (suchs pipe penetrations,light,doors,etc...).These are places where high degree of adhesion is required,aswellas resistance to diferential movement,tensile stress,and other forces while maintaining its performance characteristics in the high temperature and humidity of asteam room.Movement joints are intended forrelief of significant stressbuild-up thatmaybe transmited overalarger area.Movement joints are filled with α flexible material to resist much greater elongation or compression than more rigid materials like cement.Theseflexible materials should also have the ability toadhere tostructuralordesignelements(e.g.lights,pips,tie stone,etc...）to not only maintain α water barrier where α more rigid materialmayfail,butalsotoccommodatethepotetaly significant different thermal movement characteristics of some dissimilar materials.

LATASILMalong withLATASlL9118Primer(requiredfor steam room applications) is an ideal combination for steam room/steam showers.A suitable backer rod or bond breaker tape should be used along with the sealant.Section7 contains much more information on how to installthesealant inconjunctionwith the waterproofing/ anti-fracture membrane and the finish materials.Please note that the TCNA Handbook for Ceramic,Glassand Stone Tile Installation Method EJ-171providesqgeneric guideforthe installationof movement joints.However,it istheresponsibilityoftheproject design professionals toprovide the design,location,and construction of movement jointsand it is the responsibilityof the contractor to make sure that they are properly installed.Always check with the sealant manufacturer to determine if a particular product is suitable for the intended application and whether,or not,that application would require α primer for the sealant product.

6.7Post Installation

Cure Time-Cure completed tile work in steam room/steam showers forlO days when using an epoxy based grout at 7 0 ^ { \circ } \mathsf { F } ( 2 1 ^ { \circ } 0 and

14 days when usinga latex portland cement based grout a 7 0 ^ { \circ } \mathsf { F } ( 2 1 ^ { \circ } 0 before activating steam unit.Extend period of protection and cure at temperatures below 6 0 ^ { \circ } \mathsf { F } ( 1 6 ^ { \circ } 0 ) ,and at high relative humidity (>7O RH)due to retarded set times of mortars,adhesives and grouts.

Inspection－The tile or stone installation in α steam room/steam shower should be inspected prior to testing the steam generation system,and thenagainpriortofullsteamactivation to look forany non-conformities in the tile installation.Final grouting and sealant touch-ups should be performed during this phase and before the steam room goes into fulluse. Critical areas include the sealant treatment at all penetrations,movement joints and drains.The sealant should be in place and fulycured prior to tuming the steam on for normal operation to prevent any steam or moisture from escaping the room.Make sure that all grout jointsare full,that exposededges ofseatsare rounded(to prevent discomforto injury on sharp edges),that there is nocondensation on theoutside of any exposed wallof the steam room/steam shower,and that wateris not dripping from the ceiling.

Protection of Completed Tile and Grout Installation - The completed tile and grout instalation must also be protected from construction traffic,debris from other trades and the elements until all the installtioncomponents reach theirfullcure.Toavoid damage totilework,schedulefloorinstalltions tobeginonlyafter allstructural work,building enclosures,andoverhead finishing work, such as ceilings,mechanical and electrical work are completed.

Keepalltrafficofffinishedtilefloors untiltheyhavefully cured. Builder shall provide up to 3 / 4 ^ { \prime \prime } (19mm) thick plywood or OSB protection over non-staining Kraft paper to protect floors after installation materials have cured.Covering the floor with polyethyleneorplywood indirectcontact with thefloormay adverselyaffectthecuring processof grout and latex/polymer modified portland cement mortar.42

6.8 Warranty

LATICRETE International,Inc.offrs temostomprehensivetems waranty in the tileand stone installation industry.Please refer to the LATICRETE25 Year System Warranty(DS025.O),available at https:/laticrete.com for more information.

Section 7: Specifications For Steam Room/ Steam Shower Installation

Since steam room/steam shower applications are reasonably complex in designand inapplication,they require intelligent design,superior materials,an experienced contractor,and a tile instaler who has skillsets and necessary experience to assre αfully functional,problem free steam room.The importance of all of these elements cannot be overstated.The contractor(s) chosen should be required to provide α portfolio and references reflecting the instaler's/contractor's experience,along withabid or estimate,whichisqgood way to ensure work of similar size, scope and complexity has been completed.Matching installer ability to the projectat hand requires closeevaluationof their experience,training,licensing,certifications and/or credentials. Because tile is α permanent finish,the lowest bid should not be the driving factor,but ratherwho is the most qualified to perform the scope of the work specified.

There are essentially two types of jobsite constructed steam room/steam showers; wood or steel framed,and,concrete or concrete masonry construction;

I.Thefirst design incorporates steel or wood framing and α concrete,slab-on-grade sub-floor.Theceiling framing should be sloped at least 2 ^ { \prime \prime } minimum per foot(50mm per 300mm）to prevent water from dripping on steam room occupants (per Tile Council of North America recommendations)and the slope must be maintained throughout substrate and veneer instalation.The floor should be pre-pitched (prior to the installation of the shower pan liner)at the rate of /4"per foot (6mm per 300mm), per International Residential Code (IRC)P27O9.1 stated αs"1/4 unit vertical in12 units horizontal ( 2 % slope) nor more than / unit vertical in12 units horizontal ( 4 % slope) and floordrains shallbe flanged to provideαwater-tight joint in thefloor"43,tomake sure that water flows toward the drain. Keep in mind that α shower pan is required in ll site constructed steam room/steam shower instalations unless otherwise stated in local building code!

Typically,the installation begins with the proper choice and placement of α two-part clamping ring style drain with weepers as per ASMEAl12.6.3.Place tile spacers or gravel around weep holes,as detailed by the design professional, to prevent mortar from clogging the weep holes and should be installed by α qualified plumber in accord with International Residential Code (IRC)P2709.4.The pipes and drain should be properly supported to prevent problems inthe future.Unlesspecified otherwise,qsuitable primary shower pan liner,complying with ASTM D4068"Standard

Specification for Chlorinated Polyethylene(CPE)Sheeting for Concealed Water Containment Membrane",D4551 "Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride）(PVC)Plastic Flexible Concealed Water Containment Membrane"or other approved material would be installed to tie into the bottom flange of the drain (without blocking the weep holes).Turn shower pan membrane up wals α minimum of 3"(75mm) above the top of steam rooms/steam showers with a curb or 6"[150mm]）above floors in steam rooms or steam showers without curbs.44

The hower pan must be properly formed and fastened to prevent problems.Check with local building code to help determine what shower pan liner is acceptable in your area. Curbs must be sloped to drain back into the steam room for condensation runoff and any horizontal surfaces within the steam room should be pitched to the drain to prevent pooling of water.Slope curbs at the rateof /4"per foot (6mm per 300mm).Performαflood test to determine integriyof the pan liner and make repairs as necessary before proceeding (see Section 6.3 for more information on flood testing).

Aftertheshowerpan lineris inplace,installheapor diffusion retarder directlyonto the sideof the framing that will be exposed to the steam room.The vapor difusion retardershould be4-6mil thick polyethylene (crosslaminated virginpolyethylene isexcellent)and,if possible, should beone piece thatcan fit into the entire area (please refer to Sections 3.5and 6.3 for more information).Fasten the vapor diffusion retarder to the studs with corrosion resistant fasteners.Aspot of LATASILTM 1 0 0 % silicone) ontothefasteners willhelp prevent moisture penetration through the fastener holes.Make sure that the vapor diffusionretarder (vaporbarier) is properly formed and is tight to the studsof the walsand ceiling.Yes-the vapor diffusion retarder (vapor barrier） must be installed onto the ceiling as wellas the walls,s steam willcertainly escape through the ceiling.If possible,the vapordiffusion retarder (vapor barrier)should be one piece to prevent moisture escape through any seams.It is imperative that this vapor diffusion retarder (vapor barrier）be placed so that it laps into the shower pan liner!This way any moisture that comes in contact with the vapor diffusion retarder (vapor barier) willdrain into the shower pan and exit through the weep holes of the drain.

Next,install a2"(50mm）thick minimum,wire-reinforced mortar bedof37O1Fortified Mortar,or,LATICRETE Quick

Cure Mortar Bed onto the shower pan liner.The wirereinforcement should be 2"x 2"(50mm x 50mm),16 gauge,galvanized,welded wire mesh (or other as noted in ANSI A1O8.O2 3.7)and should be placed at half the depth of the mortar bed.Make sure that the mortar bed maintains the /4" per foot (6mm per 300mm) slope to drain which was established by the pre-pitch in the sub-floor. After the mortar bed has cured,the installation of the insulation and specifiedbacker board on the walsand ceiling can begin.

The addition of α suitable insulation material between the joists should be done before installationof the specified non-insulated backer board.Walls utilizinga foam-cored board (e.g.HYDRO BAN Board) may provide enough thermal resistance (R value)to act as the insulation.The Project design team will have to determine the R value and determine suitability of board to act as insulation.

Insulation willhelp keep the heat in the steam room and helps to control the dew point (the temperature where condensation takes place) within the wall.The backer board must be acceptable for steam room use and installed per board manufacturer's written installation instructions; this includes taping of all board jointsas required by the board manufacturer.Use 254 Platinum or 257 Titanium and 2" (50mm) wide,alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh tape to treat the board joints.Be sure to allw spaceat theceiling/wal transition for the insertion ofaslip joint to allow expansion/ contraction to take place (Please refer to Section 3.4 for more information on slip joints).

Pipes and penetrations through board should be accounted for and space between board and penetration should be kept to a minimum.Allow the mortar used to tape the board joints to harden and then commence with waterproofing the entire inside area of the steam room with HYDRO BAN or 9235 Waterproofing Membrane.The entire steam room should be waterproofed,including the ceiling,walls,floor seat(s),penetrations,and any other exposed areas; this will help improve the functionalityof the vapor diffusion retarder and inhibit the passage of much of the moisture through the system.Loop the HYDRO BAN (must be used in conjunction with Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabric when installig slip joints）or9235Waterproofing Membrane to loop into the slip joints to allow for excessive movement in these areas. Any vapor transpiring through the HYDRO BAN or 9235 Waterproofing Membrane should easily be handled by the vapor diffusion retarder. Make sure that ALL penetrations are properly waterproofed!(Please refer to Section 6.3 for more information on treating pipes and penetrations).

Tilecan be installed directlyonto the HYDRO BANor 9235 Waterproofing Membrane αs soon as it is dry to the touch. 254 Platinum or 257 Titaniumare the thin-sets of choice for steam room/steam shower installations.For installation of large format tileor stone in α steam room,we would recommend the use of MULTIMAXTM LITE.Check with the manufacturerof thetileto make sure thatit iscompatible for steam room applications.

Once thetile or stone installation has setfirm,grout the installation with SPECTRALOCKPRO Premium Groutt for best performance.Alternative grouting choices would be either PERMACOLOR Grout;or,PERMACOLOR Select.Use LATASILTM,withLATASlL9118rimer,fortreating the sides oftile orstoneat movement joints,slip joints,around the drain,to seallighting fixtures,access panels (if present), or at any change of plane.Please note that LATASIL 9118 Primer should not contact the LATICRETE waterproofing membrane.The use of SPECTRALOCK PRO Premium Grout willad totheperformanceofthetile installtion because it has an absorption rate of < 0 . 5 % It will be necessary to wait forl4 days for thecementious grout,and1Odays for SPECTRALOCK PRO Premium Grout to cure at 7 0 ^ { \circ } \mathsf { F } ( 2 \mathsf { l } ^ { \circ } ( ) before turning on the steam generation unit.

Il. Unless specified otherwise,α suitable primary shower pan liner,complying with ASTM D4068 "Standard Specificationfor ChlorinatedPolyethylene(CPE)Sheeting for Concealed Water Containment Membrane",D4551 "Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water Containment Membrane" or other qpproved material would be installed to tie into the bottom flange of the drain (without blocking the weep holes).Turn shower pan membrane up walls α minimum of 3"(75mm) above the top of steam rooms/steam showers with a curb or 6"[15Omm]）above floors in steam rooms or steam showers without curbs.No matter which of the approved materials is used αs the shower pan liner,it must be properly tied into the bottom flange of the drain.The liner is applied directly onto the concrete or masonry walls and concrete floor.Turn shower pan membrane up walls α minimum of 3"(75mm) above the top of the curb (6" [150mm] above floors in steam rooms or steam showers without curbs.

The shower pan must be properly formed and fastened to prevent problems.Check with local building code to help determine what type of shower pan liner is acceptable in your area.Slope curbs at the rateof /4"per foot(6mm per 300mm).Performaflood test to determine integrity of the pan liner and make repairs as necessary before proceeding (see Section 6.3 for more information on flood testing).

After the shower pan liner is in place, install the vapor diffusion retarder (vaporbarrier)directlyonto the side of theframing that willbe exposed to the steam room.The vapor diffusion retarder (vapor barrier) should be 4－6 mil thick polyethylene (cros-laminated virgin polyethylene is excellent)and,if possible,should be one piece that can fit into the entire area (please refer to Sections 3.5 and 6.3 for more information).Fasten the vapor diffusion retarder(vapor barrer)to the studs with corrosion resistant fasteners.Aspot of LATASILTM 1 0 0 % silicone）onto the fasteners will help prevent moisture penetration through the fastener holes.Make sure that the vapor diffusion retarder (vapor barrier) is properly formed and is tight to the studs of the walls and ceiling.Yes－the vapor diffusion retarder (vapor barrer） must be installedonto theceiling as well as the wals,as steam will certainly try to escape through the ceiling.If possible,the vapor diffusion retarder (vapor barrier should beone piece to prevent moisture escape through any seams.It is imperative that this vapor diffsion retarder (vapor barrier) be placed so that it laps into the shower pan liner!This way any moisture that comes in contact with the vapor diffusion retarder (vapor barrier) wil drain into the shower pan and through the weep holes of the drain.

The addition of α suitable insulation material between the joists should be done before installation of the specified non-insulated backer board.Walls utilizinga foam-cored board (e.g.HYDRO BAN Board) may provide enough thermal resistance (R value) to act αs the insulation.The Project design team will have to determine the R value and determine suitability of board to act as insulation.

Once the vapor diffusion retarder (vapor barrier） has been properly installed,applicationof the insulation panels or HYDRO BAN Board can commence.These panels are typiclly fastened mechanically through to the substrate through the vapor diffusion retarder (vapor barrier);check with the insulation manufacturer for proper instalation instructions for their product in this application.A dab of LATASILM can help prevent moisture from getting through the fastener holes.Install galvanized diamond metal lath,complying with ASTM C847 "Standard Specification for Metal Lath", according to the current revision of ANSl AlO8.02 3.6 and ANSI AlO8.lA.Make sure that no fasteners penetrate the shower pan liner. Pencil rods and tie wires should be used to secure the metal lath in place.As stated in the TCNA Handbook for Ceramic, Glass and Stone Tile Installation,"Attach four equally spaced tie wires through the insulation.Attach /4"(6mm) diameter steel pencil rods vertically over the insulation.Attach metal lath to pencil rods on walls and ceilings."45

Apply a mortarbedconsistingof 37OlFortified Mortar; or, Quick Cure Mortar Bed as scratchand leveling coats,in compliance with ANSlA108.02 4.0 and A108.15.0 over the wire lath on the walls and ceiling.The scratch and float coats canbe installed in lifts up to/"(12mm）thick and should be floated plumb and true.

Next, install { \mathfrak { a } } 2 ^ { \mathfrak { n } } (50mm）thick minimum,wire-reinforced mortar bedof 37Ol Fortified Mortar,or, Quick Cure Mortar Bed onto the shower pan liner.The wire-reinforcement should be2"x2"(50mmx50mm),16gauge,galvanized, welded wire mesh (or other as noted in ANSI AlO8.02 3.7) and should be placed at half the depth of the mortar bed. Make sure that the mortar bed maintains the'/4"per foot (6mm per 3Oomm) slope to drain which was established by the pre-pitch in the sub-floor.

Allow the mortar bed on the floor to set untilfirm and then commence with waterproofing the inside area of the steam room with HYDRO BAN?or 9235 Waterproofing Membrane The entire steam room should be waterproofed,including the celing,walsfloo,at,ndrexpde; this will help improve the functionalityof the vapor diffusion retarder (vapor barrier)and inhibit the passage of much of the moisture through the system.Any vapor transpiring through the HYDRO BAN or 9235 Waterproofing Membrane should easilybe handledby the vapor diffusion retarder (vapor barrier).Loop the HYDRO BAN (must be used in conjunction with LATICRETE Waterproofing/Anti-Fracture Fabricwhen instalingslipjoints）or9235 Waterproofing Membrane to loopinto the slipjoints toallowfor excessive movement in these areas.Make sure that any and all penetrations and fixtures are properly waterproofed！(Please refer to Section6.3for more information on treating pipes and penetrations).

Tile can be installed directlyonto the HYDRO BAN?,HYDRO BAN Quick Cure,or 9235 Waterproofing Membrane as soon as it is dry to the touch.254Platinum is the thin-set of choice for steam room/steam shower installations. Check with the manufacturerof the tile to make sure that it is compatible in steam room applications.

Once the tile or stone installation has set firm,grout the installation with SPECTRALOCK PRO Premium Groutt for best performance.Alternative grouting choices would be either PERMACOLOR Grout;or,PERMACOLOR Select. UseLATASILMwithLAASIL9118Primerfortreting the sides of tile or stone at movement joints,slip joints, around the drain,to seal lighting fixtures,access panels (if present),or at any change of plane.Please note that LATASIL 9118 Primer should not be used in slip joints and should not contact the LATICRETE waterproofing membrane The use of SPECTRALOCK PRO Premium Grout will add to the performance of the tile installation because it has an absorption rate of < 0 . 5 % .It will be necessary to wait forl4 days forthe cementitious grout,and1Odays for SPECTRALOCK PRO Premium Grout to cure at 7 0 ^ { \circ } \mathsf { F } ( 2 \mathsf { l } ^ { \circ } ( ) before turning on the steam generation unit.

Expansion joints are generally placed at the wall/floor and wall/ceiling transitions.Larger steam rooms mayrequire additional expansion joints to allow for movementThe project design professional should indicate where these expansion joints are placed.Refer to the Tile Council of North America Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation－current year EJ-17l for more information and details.(Please refer to Section 3.4 for more information on movement joints).

Once the steam room is ready...ENJOY!!

Please refer to the proper execution statement located at in Section 7.2 for more detailed instructions and Section 8 for details on steam room/steam shower instalations.

Please keep in mind that it wouldbe beneficial forallconcerned to make sure that the steam room construction and installation are done properly the first time.Any mistake can lead to structural damage,mold,water infiltration issues,and more...Repairs can be extensive; and the steam room would be far more costly to repair than todo itrightthe firsttime!!

SPECIFICATIONS

Method SR6l3-Masonry or ConcreteWalls with Mortar Bed
Method SR6l3 Sheet Membrane-Masonryor Concrete Wals
with Mortar Bed with HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane
Method SR6l3 Sheet Membrane Linear Drain- Masonry or
Concrete WallswithMortarBed,HYDROBANSheet Membrane
and HYDRO BAN Linear Drain
Method SR6l3 Sheet Membrane BFD- Masonry or Concrete
Walls with Mortar Bed,HYDROBANSheet Membraneand HYDRO
BAN Bonding Flange Drain
Method SR614-Framed Construction with Cement Backer Board
Method SR614 HYDRO BAN Board -Framed Construction with
HYDRO BAN Board
Method SR6l4 Sheet Membrane-Framed Construction with
Cement Backer Board and HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane
Method SR614 Bonding Flange Drain-Framed Construction with
HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane and HYDROBAN Bonding Flange
Drain
Method SR614 HYDRO BAN Board BFD－Framed Construction
with HYDRO BAN Board and HYDRO BAN Bonding Flange Drain
Method SR614 HYDRO BAN Board Linear Drain-Framed
Construction with HYDRO BAN Board and HYDRO BAN Linear Drain
Method SR614 HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane Linear Drain -
Framed Construction with Cement Backer Board,HYDRO BAN
Sheet Membrane and HYDRO BAN Linear Drain
Method S313 Stainless Stee Direct Bond-Stainless Steel
Construction with Direct AdheredTile
Method S314 Stainless Steel Mortar Bed-Stainless Steel
Construction with Mortar Bed and Tile

Section 8: Steam Room/Steam Shower Detail Drawings

8.1Masonry or Concrete Walls with Mortar Bed

Drawing No. ES-SR613

NOTE:Vapor diffusion retarder (vapor barrier) to drape into primary shower pan liner. Thisdetail isintended to show installation of LATICRETE products andis not to be used to show steam room construction，placement of insulation，type of finish, structural considerations,or other design features.Insulation must be of proper type and thickness to ensure that dew point temperature occurs within the insulation and prevent condensation within the concrete or concrete masonry wall. Insulation to be continuous on walls_and_ceiling except at slip_joints.\* Tile installation mortar to beeither 257 TITANIUM，254 Platinum or MULTiMAX LITE

Ceramic Tile or Stone SPECTRALOCK PRO Premium Grout; or，PERMACOLORSelect Tile Installation Mortar\* HYDRO BAN\~_Sheet Membrane\* (Continuouson l surfaces including ceiling) Mortar for installation of HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane\* 3701 Fortified Mortar Diamond Metal Lath over Cleavage Membrane (as specified) Insulation (thickness and type as specified to meet required R value) Concrete or Concrete Block LATASILM HYDRO BAN (optional) Crushed Stone 3701 Fortified Mortar over slurry bond coat\* Wire Reinforcing，16Gauge，2”×2” （20号 ( 5 0 \mathsf {mm } x 5 0 \mathsf {mm } ) ）Welded，Galvanized Mesh HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane over Pre-Sloped Base

NOTE: HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane Sealing Tape is used to treat board joints, corners and coves.HYDRO BAN Collar is used to treat pipe penetrations.See DS 040.0 for more complete installation instructions.This detail is intended to show installation of LATICRETE products_and is not to be used to show steam room construction，placement of insulation，type of finish，structural considerations，or otherdesign features.\* Slurry bond coat，tile installation_mortarand mortar for installation of HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane to be either 257 TITANIUM"，254 Platinum or MULTIMAX LITE.

Revision Date: 4/20 Scale: N.T.S.

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8.3Masonry or Concrete Walls with Mortar Bed, HYDRO BAN? Sheet Membrane and HYDRO BAN Linear Drain

Drawing No. ES-SR613LD

NOTE:This detail is intended to show installation of LATICRETE products and is not to be used to show steam room construction，placement of insulation，type of finish， structural considerations，or other design features.Insulation must be of proper type and thickness to ensure that dew point temperature occurs within the insulation and prevent condensation within the concrete or concrete masonry wall. Insulation to becontinuous on walls and ceiling except at slip joints.\* Slurry bond coat，tile installation mortar and mortar for installation of_ HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane to be either 257 TITANIUM"，254 Platinum or MULTIMAXLITE

8.4Masonry or Concrete Wallswith Mortar Bed,HYDRO BAN?Sheet Membrane and HYDRO BAN Bonding Flange Drain

Drawing No. ES-SR613BFD

NOTE:This detail is intended to show installation of LATICRETE products and is not to be used to show steam room construction，placement of insulation，type of finish, structural considerations,or other design features. Insulation must be of proper type and thickness to ensure that dew point temperature occurs within the insulation and prevent condensation within the concrete or concrete masonry wall. Insulation to be continuous on walls and ceiling.\* Slurry bond coat，tile installation mortar and mortar for installation of HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane to be either 257 TITANIUM, 254Platinum or MULTIMAX" LITE

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NOTE:\* HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane installation mortar，HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane Sealing Tape installation mortar and tile installation mortar to be either 257 TITANIUM" 254Platinum or MULTIMAXM LITE. ^HYDRO BAN Board Sealing Tape and Pre-Formed Corners to be used at all board joints，fastener penetrations and corners.This detail is intended to show installation of LATICRETE products and is not to be used to show steam room construction，placement of insulation，type of finish，structural considerations,or other design features.

Revision Date: 4/20 Scale: N.T.S.

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NOTE:\*_HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane_and tile installation mortar to be either 257 TITANIUM"，254 Platinum or MULTIMAX"LITE.This detail isintended to show installation of LATICRETE products and is not to_be used to show_steam room construction, placement of insulation，type of finish，structural considerations,or other design features. insulation_ must be of proper type and thickness to ensure that dew point temperature occurs within the insulation and prevent condensation within the concrete or concrete masonry wall. Insulation to be continuous on walls and ceiling.

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8.8Framed Construction with HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane and HYDRO BAN Bonding Flange Drain ES-SR614 with Sheet Membrane and Bonding Flange Drain

Drawing No. ES-SR614BFD

NOTE:Cement Backer Board to be installed per board manufacturer's written installation instructions,including taping of joints.All fastener penetrations to be treated with HYDRO BAN Board Sealing Tape or HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane Pipe Collar as stated in D.S. O40.O.This detail is intended to show installation of LATICRETE products and is not to be used to show steam room construction, placement of insulation，type of finish，structural considerations,or other design features. Insulation must be of proper type and thickness to ensure that dew point temperature occurs within the insulation and prevent condensation within the concrete or concrete masonry wall. Insulation to be continuous on walls and ceiling except at slip joints.\* Slurry bond coat，tile installation mortar and mortar for installation of HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane to be either 257 TITANIUM"，254 Platinum or MULTIMAX" LITE.

Revision Date:4/20 Scale: N.T.S.

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Drawing No. ES-SR614HBB-BFD

NOTE:HYDRO BAN Board to be installed as state din DS O40.O including treatment of joints，corners，coves，and penetrations.All fastener penetrations to be treated with HYDRO BAN Board Sealing Tape and all pipe penetrations to be treated with HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane Pipe Collar as stated in D.S.O40.O.This detail is intended to show installation of LATICRETE products and is not to be used to show steamroom construction，placement of insulation，type of finish，structural considerations,or other design features.Insulation must be of proper type and thickness to ensure that dew point temperature occurs within the insulation and prevent condensation within the concrete or concrete masonry wall.Slurry bond coat, tile installation mortar and mortar for installation of HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane to beeither 257 TITANIUM，254 Platinum or MULTIMAX"LITE.

Drawing No. ES-SR614HBB-LD

NOTE:\* HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane，HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane Sealing Tape，slurry boand coat and tile installation mortar to be either 257 TITANIUM"，254 Platinumor MULTIMAX" LITE.^ HYDRO BAN Board Sealing Tape and_Pre-Formed Corners to be used at all board joints,fastener penetrations and corners.Pipe penetrations to be treated with HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane Pipe Collar as stated in'D.S.O40.O.This detail is intended to show installation of LATICRETE products and is not to be used to show steam room construction，placement of insulation，type of finish，structural considerations，or other design features.

Revision Date:1/20 Scale: N.T.S.

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NOTE:Cement Backer Board to be installed per board manufacturer's written installation instructions,including taping of joints.All fastener penetrations to be treated with HYDRO BAN Board Sealing Tape or HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane Pipe Collar as stated in D.S.O40.O.This detail is intended to show installation of LATICRETE products and is not to be used to show steam room construction, placement of insulation，type of finish，structural considerations,or other design features. Insulation must be of proper type and thickness to ensure that dew point temperature occurs within the insulation and prevent condensation within the concrete or concrete masonry wall. Insulation to be continuous on walls and ceiling.\* Slurry bond coat，tile installation mortar and mortar for installation of HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane to be either 257 TITANIUM"，254 Platinum or MULTIMAX LITE.

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Note:Slurry bond coat，tile installation mortar and mortar for installation of HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane to be either 257 TITANIUM"，254 Platinum OrMULTIMAXLITE.

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Drawing No. ES-WP302

NOTE:It is important to ensure that drain weep holes are not blocked and are functioning fully.

Drawing No. ES WP302 HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane

ASAPROFESSIONAL COURTESY,LATICRETEOFFERS TECHNICAL SERVICESFREEOFCHARGE.THE USER MAINTAINSALL RESPONSIBILITYFOR_VERIFYING THE APPUCABILTY ANDSUITABIUTYOFTHETECHNICAL SERVICE OR INFORMATION PROVDED.
Revision Date: 4/20 Scale: N.T.S.
(C)2020_LATICRETEINTERNATIONAL，INC.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.THERIGHTTOUTILIZE LATICRETE_DETAILSFORCOMMERCIALPURPOSESISGRANTEDEXCLUSIVELYTOCONTRACTORS, ARCHITECTS，QUANTITYSURVEYORS，ENGINEERS,ANDSPECIFICATIONSWRITERS.ALL TRADEMARKS SHOWN ARE THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES OFTHEIR RESPECTIVE OWNERS.

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NOTE:This detail is intended to show installation of LATICRETE products and is not to be used to show steam room construction，placement of insulation，type of finish, structural considerations,or other design features. \*Slurry bond coat，tile installation mortar and mortar for installation of_HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane to be either 257 TITANIUM"，254 Platinum or MULTIMAX\*LITE

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NOTE:This detail is intended to show installation of LATICRETE products and isnot to be used to show steam room construction，placement of insulation，type of finish，structural considerations，or other design features.\*Slurry bond coat，tile installation mortar and mortar for installation of HYDRO BAN Sheet Membrane to be either 257 TITANIUM"，254 Platinum or MULTIMAX LITE.

Revision Date:4/20 Scale: N.T.S.

Section 9: Steam Room/Steam Shower Quality Assurance

9.1 Quality Assurance

The success of a steam room/steam shower project depends entirely on a good quality assurance program implemented at all levels of theproject.Unfortunately,comprehensive quality assurance programs remain the most overlooked and ignored process in the design and construction of steam rooms and steam showers.There are important distinctions between the terms "quality assurance"and "qualitycontrol".The distinction is that quality assurance is preventative in nature and encompasses all the procedures necessary to insure quality,fromdesign through implementation.Quality control is corrective in nature, typically implemented during or after a procedure,and is only one component of α more comprehensive and planned quality assurance program.A quality assurance program should include quality checks during the design,specification and biding phases as well as during and after construction.One factor of tile installations in steam room/steam shower applications is the quality of the installation is only as good as each component,and its'installation,of the system.Choosing the proper products and installng them correctlyis critical to the long-term performance of the steam room.

A comprehensive quality program for the design and construction of steam rooms and steam showers should involve the following:

Owner

■Define Scope of Work ■Organizational Requirements ■Quality Objectives

Design Professional

Wll System,Shower Pan/Floor System and Ceiling System
Product Component Design,Specification,Instalationnd Inspection Procedure Training
■Pre-lnstallation Conference Materials and Methods
Identification of Construction Progress and Post Installation Inspection,Testing and Evaluation Requirements;dentify Resolution Methods for Non-Compliant Conditions
■Develop and Specify Post Installation Preventative
Maintenance Programs

Construction Professional

■Substrate Preparation
■Control of Materials (Evaluationof Contract Document Performance Requirements,Material Suppliers,Delivery Handling,and Records)
■Product Use Monitoringand Documentation (Pot Life,Curing, Protection and Batch Mixing)
■SettingorFixingof Tileor Stone－Adhesion Monitoring
(Spreading,ickness,Open Time,Tackines,at-ln,
Coverage)
■Clean-Up and Protection

9.2 Inspection and Maintenance

Inspection-As withanytypeof tileorstone instaation, α systematic post-installation inspection and maintenance plan should be developed (and implemented) by the facility maintenance engineer and/or owner.Whether defects develop from exposure to normal service conditions,or exist from defective installation,they often are hidden from view and do not manifest as problems until an advanced stage of deterioration or failure.Therefore,it is essential todevelop,s minimum, systematic plan of visual inspections including pre-construction material and sample evaluations,during construction,and upon completion.The inspections should be conducted on α regular and continual basis,with immediate inspection and maintenance after periods of long steam room operation.Visual comparisons with reference samples,andobservation forobvious signsof distres, such as cracked cladding/iointing material or signs of water leakage,shouldbefollowedbyextensive inspectionand testing

A well performed visual inspection record (incuding pictures）of steam rom conditions can serve as an excellent reference point for performance of the steam room and its components in the future.In addition to inspection of the performance and adhesion of the claddingmaterial,othercritical componentsofthe wall system,such as movement joints and penetrations,should be inspected and assessed.

Maintenance-A systematic maintenance plan is αcritical required final step in steam room/steam showers that is often overlooked. A steamroom is exposed to harsh,deteriorating conditions and without regular maintenance,the normal deterioration process wil be accelerated.The result is α lossof performance and shortening of expected service life.

Maintenance of steam rooms is categorized according to how and when maintenance actions are taken.Preventative maintenance is planned and that represents α proactive approach that maintains specified performance and prevents potential defects or failures. Preventative maintenance includes anticipated routine actions and repairs,such as gpplication of protective sealers or deteriorated sealant replacement, as well as unexpected repairs such as replacement of cracked tile or stone,or correcting water leaks that may manifest into structural problems later

The benefits of preventative maintenance are welldocumented; prevention has been proven to increase expected service life and,cost a fraction of more extensive remedial action (corrective maintenance）typically required once αproblem occurs.Corrective maintenance is remedial action,which repairs α problem after occurrence.Corrective maintenance is necessary to prevent further deterioration or total failure of α steam room system.Corrective maintenance may involve evaluation with either α non-destructive or destructive test procedure.

The use of an epoxy grout (e.g.SPECTRALOCKt PRO Premium Grout)aidsin themaintenanceofthe installtion.These epoxy grouts reduce the amount of time needed to clean,seal and provide general upkeep typically required with traditional cement based products.

9.3 Protection and Sealing - Water Repellent Sealers and Coatings

The purpose and performance of water repellent sealers and coatings is widely misunderstood by design and construction professionals.Generally, clear water repellent coatings aid in retarding surface water absorption of porous materials,thereby reducing adhesion of atmospheric pollution and other stains to the surface.However,these materials often provide α false sense of security due to the lack of understandingof theirsuitability compatibility,and performance.Water repellents can reduce water leakageand deterioration through normally porous tile,stone or grout materials,but theyare notacure toabnormalleakage caused by fundamental defects in detailingand construction

There are several general principles for use and application of sealers.Water repellent sealers are not waterproof,and generally cannot bridge gaps or hairline cracks in grout joints or the clding material,so these materials are useless when used over cracks or very porous materials.Sealers suitable for steam rooms must be vapor permeable,and allow the wall materials to "breathe" vapor,but stop water penetration.Sealers can also create functional or aestheticdefects that are intended to be prevented or corrected by their application.Sealers can have α negative effect on α steam room system if water infiltrates behind the tile/ stone through hairline cracks/gaps,or,through poorly designed or constructed wal interfaces.Sealers can trap moisture within a wall,andcauseefforescence,spalling/exfoliationofthecdding material,orructuralge.

As sealers age and weather,several other problems can occur. Effectiveness is typically reduced overtime,so periodic reappication (depending on the manufacturer's formulation and recommendations) is necessary;effective service life ranges from 2-5 years.Sealers mayalso allow variable wetting of the grout, tile or stone from poor application or from weathering;this can produce α blotchy qppearance.In some cases,the sealer can be reapplied; in other cases it may be necessary to allow the sealer to completely "weatheroff",orbe removed chemicall to restore α uniform appearance.Please check with sealer manufacturer for complete information on their products.

Compatibilityofsealers isalsoimportant,with thematerials to be sealed,as wellas adjacent and underlying components f the steam room system.The appearance of certain tile,stone or grout materials can be affected bysealers.Poor application or poor quality products can darken or change appearance.Silicone based sealer formulations cause discoloration on high lime surfaces such as limestone or marble.Aplication (oroverspray）of sealers to non-porous tile such αs porcelain willresult in visible residue or a dripping,wet appearance from sealers thatdo not absorb e.g. acrylics and urethanes).Sealant joints,waterproofing membranes, and metal are some of the system components that could be affected by solvents in some formulations.

Priortoaplicationofwaterrepellents,alljint sealant work should cureα minimumof 72 hours; the solvents in these materials can affect the cure of sealants.Protection should also be provided for other solvent-sensitive material,such s waterproofing membranes,rubber,glass,and metal frames,by saturating with dish washing soap and water prior to gpplication. Most water-based formulations are non-reactive with solvent sensitive materials.

As an Alternative to Using Sealers or Coatings

Use LATICRETE SPECTRALOCKt PRO Premium Grout in conjunction with a porcelain bodied tile.SPECTRALOCK PRO Premium Grout never needs sealing.The grout becomes just as dense and durable as the porcelain tile.

9.4 Steam (Heat and Moisture)-Effects OnA Tile Installation

All building materials expand and contract when exposed to changes in temperature.There are two factors to consider in analyzing thermal movement:

■the rates of expansion of diferent materials (also known as the linear coefficient of thermal expansion) the antipated temperature range exposure

The primary goal inanalyzing thermal movement is to determine both the cumulative and individual differential movement that occurs within and between components of the facade wallassembly. For example,α porcelain tile has an average coefficient of linear expansion of between 4 * 8 x 1 0 { - } 6 \ : {mm / ^ { \circ } C /mm } of length.The chart above takes into account only the porcelain tile.Other tile or stone types have varying coeffcient of thermal expansion values, as do grouts,sealants,seting materials,and other components of the steam room assembly.These must all be taken into account when determining the selection of materials as well as movement joint size,spacing and construction.Figure 9.4.1 shows that each porcelain tile is expanding the stated measurement in each direction. In α steam room measuring 1 0 ^ { \prime } x 1 0 ^ { \prime } x 8 ^ { \prime } ( 3 \mathsf { m } x 3 \mathsf { m } x 2 . 4 \mathsf { m } ) （204号 where 1 2 " x 1 2 " (300mm x 300mm）tile is used the movement caused by thermal expansion is 4mm ( 0 . 1 6 ^ { \prime \prime } ) horizontally and 3 . 2 {mm } \left( 0 . 7 2 5 ^ { \circ } \right) vertically.The above stated calculations are just for thermal expansionof the tile only and must beadded to thecalculations for the other factors that will have an effect on movement (e.g.thermal induced structural deflection,moisture expansion,linear expansion between adhesive and substrate, etc...).The general rule for determining the width of a movement joint is 2-3 times the anticipated movement.The minimum recommended width of any individual joint is 3/8" (10mm) Therefore,the calculations must include this fact as well.There is also potential differential movement between the veneer and underlying substrate that must beaccommodated by the flexibility of the adhesive and sealant.

Please note that glass tile or glass mosaics may have an even greater degree of thermal expansion than porcelain tile.Check with the glass manufacturer to determine the coefficient of thermal expansion fortheparticular glasstile being used to help determine the required movement for allowance of thermal expansion.

Thermal Induced Structural Deflection * Thermal induced structural deflection is αphenomenon,which canoccur when there is significant temperature differential between the exterior and interior of α framed steam room structure.This can cause the framing to bend and exert force on theexterior wallassembly.For example, 0 5 0 ^ { \circ } \mathsf { F } ( 1 0 ^ { \circ } 0 ) temperature differential between interior (in the steam room) and exterior wallof the steam room in an airconditioned space can result in stress being induced on the structure. Anengineering analysis to determine movement joint requirements is mandatory,because the frame transmits movement directly to the fixed,direct adhered cladding.This problem seems to be more acute in steel framed steam room structures.

The use of properly placed and installed insulation should prevent thermal induced structuraldeflection fromoccurring.

Moisture Expansion-Building materials willbe affected by moisture and any subsequent moisture expansion (water absorption into the material).Some building materials (typicallynot used ina steam room)may be permanently affected by long-term moisture expansion.The efects of moisture expansion and contraction of building materials mayalsocause problems with tile instalation systems.Forinstance,the useofa tile with low water absorption (e.g.porcelain,glass) with α high absorption,cement based grout may cause cracking within the grout joint due to compressive forces as the grout expands from the moisture.The use of α low absorption epoxy grout (e.g.SPECTRALOCK P R 0 ^ { \circledast } Premium Grout)can help to minimize or eliminate this particular issue.

Mold and Mildew-As with any area that has g measure of moisture and/or humidity,mold and mildew may become an issue. Steam rooms/steam showers are not exceptions.

Since steam rooms/steam showers create moist heat,they potentially could be an area where bacteria can flourish,so bacterial infection is grisk in this environment.Some bacteria,such as

methicilli-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA),can thrive in steam room,and may enter the body through any open wound or cut and cause severe infections.Mold and mildew can also flourish in asteam room/steam shower environment and cause unsightly growth and possble health issues forthe steam room users.

Ceramic tile and stone represent excelent protection against mold and mildew.Ceramictile and stone are inherently water-resistant, whereas some of the other finish types can absorb moisture and degrade over time,further adding tothe mold issue.A building owner certainly would rather have finishes in their structures that are resistant to the threat of mold and mildew.Therefore,ceramic tile and stone is the natural choice to be used as a finish material that can provide long lasting benefits.These benefits include αlong in-servicelifecycle,nonegativecontributionto indoorairqualityand are very easy to maintain.When compared to other finish materials, the clear choice is to use ceramic tile and stone as α finish materidl in today's healthy building environments.

The use of LATICRETE products that incorporate anti-microbial protection can help to eliminate the growth of unsightly mold and mildew into the grout or sealant joints.Mold and mildew may stil appearon the surface of the grout orsealant due to the presence of organicmaterial (e.g.hairdeadskin,towelfibers,tc)t should not cause permanent discoloration of the material. However, the presence of the anti-microbial does not mean thatthe grout or sealant is maintenance free.Please refer to Section 9.5 for Maintenance recommendations.

9.5 Maintenance and Repair of Tile or Stone - Steam Rooms

It may be necessary,from time to time,to make repairs to the steam room/steam shower in areas where plumbing,lighting fixtures,tileorstone,fiings,steamenerator,semnt and other components of the steam room system show signs of disrepir.

Maintenance-A suitable maintenance regimen, using STONETECH products,should beestablishedforalltypes of steamrooms, includingbothesidential,lowusetypesnd largecommercialsteam rooms,which are in constant operation.

Cleaners and sanitizers,capable of eliminating mold and mildew (e.g.STONETECH Mold & Mildew Stain Remover) should be used on q consistent basis to prevent issues associated with mold or mildew.Some cleaners and sanitizers may have α deleterious effect on the grout,sealant and tile.Acid based cleaners can have an effect on notonly grout,sealantandtile butmayalsohaveonany exposed metal surfaces in the steam room/steam shower.

Make sure that anycleaners,sanitizers,water/steam treatment, or other maintenance products used in α steam room environment are safe fortile and stone,as wellas safe forthe people who use the steam room/steam shower.If possible,the use of non-pigmented, neutral pH cleaners and sanitizers (STONETECH? Stone&Tile Cleaner)is recommended.Aromatherapy oils/additive manufacturers should certifythat their product(s) is safe for steam room use.

Repairing Tileor Stone-Replacing tile,stone,grout,andsealant should only be attempted when the steam generator has been turned off and the tile or stone installation and the substrate have had sufficient timetodry.There should beno repairs orreplacement attempted while the steam generator is stillin operation.To replace any tile,stone,grout or sealant inα steam room/steamshower application,the LATCRETE materials istedin Sections 6&7can be utlized foreach type of application (e.g.ES-SR6l3,ES-SR614, etc...).

Iftileoroedool possible to makerepairs,but great care must be taken.Damage to anyof the keyfunctional components (e.g.apordifusionarde waterproofing membrane,movement joints,etc...）of the steam rooms' installtionsystem mayrequire more elaborate repairs.This indudes possible removal and replacement of the entire steam room system.

Theremovaloftilewithoutdamaging the waterproofing membrane is critical to being able to make the repair easier.If the waterproofing membrane is damaged during repair work it will be required to repair the membrane.If the tile is smalin size or the area of membrane damage is extensive this can be very, very difficult to perform.The reason is that either HYDRO BANor 9235 Waterproofing Membrane must overlap 2 " (50mm) onto undamaged membrane.This may mean having to remove tiles thatare not damaged inany way to ensure thatthe LATICRETE membrane willperform as required.Removal of the tile should not be performed using sharp tools or instruments,which may corrupt the membrane.Great care should also be used when pry bars and levers (including screwdrivers twisted)are used as theycan damage the membrane.

10.1 Case Study

{ 3 . 2 \# } expandablediamond metallathfastenedthrough theigid foaminsulationboardthathasbeeninstaledoveravapordiffsion retarder (vapor barrier).

Bench/walltransition and proper placement of 3 . 2 \# expandable diamond metal lath

Transition of wals toceiling prior to installation of 37Ol Fortified Mortar Bed.

Tie-in of 3 . 2 \# expandable diamond metal lath to steam room light fixture.

Installationof 3.2#expandable diamond metallath tostainless steedoorframeandflashing

Wall partially finished with scratch coat of 37Ol Fortified Mortar Bed.

Finishing the application of the 37OlFortified Mortar Bed scratch coat.

Scratching the 37OlFortified Mortar Bed with α piece of metal lath

Afinished scratch coat wall that is now ready for the float coat.

The steam room seats after the installation of the 37Ol Fortified Mortar Bed.

Finishing the application of the 37OlFortified Mortar Bed scratch coat.

Scratching the 37OlFortified Mortar Bed with α piece of metal lath

Afinished scratch coat wall that is now ready forthefloatcoat.

The steam room seats after the installation of the 37Ol Fortified Mortar Bed.

Instalation of tileonto 9235 Waterproofing Membrane using 254 Platinum

Continuing tile installation onto allsurfaces using 254Platinum

Finished installation of 2 " x 2 " (50mmx 5Omm) vitreous tileusing 254 Platinum.Notice thecut-out in the wallfor theemergency callswitch

Same view of finished instalation after grouting with SPECTRALOCK PRO Premium Grout and LATASIL".

Finishedfloor installtionof tile.Floorand seats are sloped /4"per foot(6mm per 3OOmm)to the drain.

The finished tile installation and stainless steel steam room door.

Section 10: Appendix

10.2 Glossary

ABSORPTION－the relationshipof the weight of water absorbed to the weightof thedry specimen,expressed in percentages

AGGLOMERATE TILE-α man-made stone product generally consisting of either crushed marble,granite or quartz chips with α matrix of resins and mineral pigments. Usually available in assorted sizes as wellas large slabs

ANSI-American National Standards Institute

APA－American Plywood Association

AROMATHERAPY(Steam Room)-the Use of essential oils as an additive to steam to help alter α steam room user's mood

ASME－American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASTM－American Society for Testing and Materials

BACK-BUTTER－the spreading of a bond coat to the back of ceramictile and stone just before the tile is placed

BACK MOUNTED MOSAIC TILE-mosaic tile which may have perforated paper,fiber mesh,resin orother suitable material bonded totheback ofeach tile which becomes an integralpart of the tile installation

BICOTTURA－method forproducing tileby firing it twice(first fire sforbodyecondistofusegazesorptersingto the body).

BISQUE-the refined mixture of clay,waterand additives that has been shaped into the body of α tile

BODY－the structural portion of aceramic tile

BOND COAT－α material used between the back of α tile and the substrate.Suitable bond coats fora steam room application include latex portland cement mortar and epoxy adhesive

BOND STRENGTH-α bond coat'sabilityto resist separating from the tileand underlayment, measured in pounds persquare inch (psi)

BROWN COAT－the second coat ing threecoat render or mortar application

BULLNOSE-α trim tile with α convex radius on one edge

BTU(British Thermal Unit)-A unit of measurement used to definethecapabiliesofheaters.OneBTUiscapableofraising the temperature of one pound of water byl°F(one liter of water 1 . 2 ^ { \circ } ( ) （204号

CAULK -see sealant

CEILING SLOPE-steam rooms require ceilings to be pitched 2" per foot(15Omm perm）to prevent condensation from dripping on steam room occupants

CEMENT－binding component of mortars and concrete (usually portland cement)

CEMENT BACKER BOARD－α backer board,usually composed of cement,filers and fiberglass mesh,designed for use with ceramic tile in wet areas

CEMENT GROUT-α cementitious mixture of portland cement, sand or other ingredients,pigmentsand water,to produce q water resistant,uniformlycolored material used tofillthe joints between tile units

CEMENTITIOUS－having the properties of cement

CERAMICTILE－αsurfacing unit,usuallyrelativelythin inrelation to facial area,made from clay oramixture of clay and other materialscaled the bodyofthetile,and having eitheraglazed or unglazed face

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE-the resistance offered by products to physical or chemical reactions as α result of contact with or immersion in various solvents,acids,alkalis,salts,etc...

CLEAVAGE MEMBRANE-α membrane that provides α separation and slip sheet between α mortar bed and the substrate

COLD JOINT－any point in concrete construction whereα pour is terminated and the surface lost plasticity before work continued

COMPACTION-the process where α freshly placed mortar is reduced to the minimum practical space to formα stronger denser mass

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH-α material's ability to withstand a load force,measured in pounds per square inch (psi)

CONTROLJOINTS－a joint physicallycut intoconcrete to help control crackingduring thecuringoftheconcrete

CRAZING－thecracking that occurs in fired glazes or other ceramic coatings due to critical tensile stresses

CURING－maintenance of humidity and temperature of freshly placed mortar or grout to assure satisfactory hydration of cement and proper hardening of mortar or grout

CUSHIONED EDGED TILE-tile on which the facial edges have a distinct urvature that results inαslightlyrecessed grout joint

DEFLECTION－α variation in the position or shape of a structure element due to the effect of loads or volume change

DEW POINT-The temperature at which the water vapor,contained in q volume of air at α given atmospheric pressure,reaches saturation and condenses to form liquid water (dew).

DIFFUSION-The process by which water vapor spreads or moves through permeable membranes caused by α diference in vapor pressure

DOT MOUNTED MOSAICS－tile packaged in sheets and held together byplastic or rubber dots between tiles

EFFLORSECENCE-the residue deposited on the surface of a material (usually cement grout） by crystallization of soluble salts

EPOXYADHESIVE-an adhesive system that employs epoxy hardening portions

EPOXY GROUT－α mortar system that employs epoxy hardening portions

EXPANSION JOlNT－α joint through tile,mortar and substrate to allow for excessive movement

FACE-MOUNTED MOSAICS－mosaic tile sheets that have paper or other suitable material applied to the face of the mosaic sheets, Usually with water soluble adhesives for easy removal after installation and prior to grouting

FLOOD TEST－the intentional filling of α vessel with water to test integrity of the waterproofing membrane and/or vessel shell

GLASS MOSAIC TILE-tile made of glass,Usually not over 2" x 2"(50mm x 50mm) and 1/4"(6mm) thick and mounted on sheets.Sheets are typically12"x12"(300mm x 300mm)

GLAZEDTILE-tile with a fused impervious facial finish composed of ceramic materials fused to the body of the tile

GREENGUARDEnvironmental Institute－independent,thirdparty organization which certifies products for low VOC compliance to strict standards (UL GREENGUARD Gold certification)

GROUT一α material used for filing the joints between tiles

GROUTING－the processofllng tile joints with grout

HEALTH PRODUCT DECLARATION(HPD)－α globally harmonized declaration showing any hazards associated with the raw materials of products

IAPMO－ International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officers

IBC－International Building Code

IRC-International Residential Code

LARGE,HEAVY TILE MORTAR－α bonding mortar for tile and stone that is intended to be used asα bond coat 3 / 3 2 " (2.4mm) thick (nominal) to 1/2" ( 1 2 . 7 {mm } ) thick after the tile is embedded.

LATEX-PORTLAND CEMENTGROUT-α mixture of portland cement grout with α latex additive or polymer

LATEXPORTLAND CEMENT MORTAR一α mixture of portland cement,sand and α latex additive

LEED－Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

LOWPERM WATERPROOF MEMBRANE-α membrane with α water vapor permeance rating of O.5 perms or less when tested per ASTMA96 Procedure E,tested at 9 0 % relative humidity.

MARBLE TILE-marble cut into tiles and available in various finishes

MASTER GRADE CERTIFICATE-α certificate which states that the tile listed in the shipment and described on the certificate are made in accordance to industry standards

MEDIUM BED-tile setting material that has afinished thickness between 3/8" (9mm)

METALLATH-expandable metal mesh material which is mechani cally fastened toαsurface and onto which α mortar bed is applied

MOISTURE EXPANSION－the tendencyof materials to change in volume depending upon exposure to moisture and the absorption rate of the material

MONOCOTTURA－methodofproducing tile byasingle firing

MORTAR BED－thefinal coat of mortarongwall,flooror ceiling before the installationof tile

MOSAIC TILE－anytile(ceramic,porcelain or stone) with a facial dimension of less than 6in2 which usuallycomes in sheets (paper face mounted,dot mounted,back mounted,etc...)

MUD-see mortar bed

NON-VITREOUS TILE-tile with an absorption rate greaterthan 7 . 0 % （204号

NOTCHED TROWEL-α trowel with α serrated or notched edge which is used to gauge the amount of mortar or adhesive to α specific thickness when setting tile

OPEN TIME-the period of time thata bond coat retains its ability to adhere to the tile and bond the tile to the substrate

PENCIL ROD－reinforcing rod with α diameter no greater than 1/4" (6mm)

PERM一α measure of the number of grains of water vapor which pass through α square foot ( 0 . 0 9 3 \mathsf { m } ^ { 2 } ) of material at α differential pressure equal tol inch of mercury (25.4mmHg) at 7 3 . 4 ^ { \circ } \mathsf { F } （204号 ( 2 3 ^ { \circ } 0 ) （204号

PERMEABILITY(VAPOR)-αmaterial'sability toallow watervapor to pass through

PINHOLES－imperfections in the surface of tile or grout

PLASTER－α cementitious material and aggregate that,when mixed with α gauging liquid,forms α plastic mass or paste which when applied to α surface,adheres to it and subsequently hardens,preserving inαrigid state theform or texture imposed during installation

PLUMB－perpendicular to α true level

PORCELAIN TILE-αceramic tile that is dense,impervious nd has an absorption rate of < 0 . 5 % （204号

POT LIFE-the period of time during which a material maintains its workable properties after it has been mixed

SCRATCH COAT-α mortar bed,gpplied as the first coat of mor tar on a wall or ceiling,whose surface is scratched or roughened so that subsequent mortar coats will bond properly

SEALANT-an elastomeric material used to filland seal expan sion and control joints,prevents the passage of moisture and does not allow horizontal and lateral movement to affect the tile installation

SELF-SPACING TILE－tile with lugs,spacers or protuberanceson the sides which automatically space the tile forthe grout joint

SEMI-VITREOUS TILE-tile with an absorption rate between 3.0 加 7 . 0 % （204号

SHELF LIFE-the maximum period of time that an item can be stored before it is used

SHOWER PAN-α waterproof shower floor membrane which is specifically recognized for use in this application一required for steam rooms as wellas showers per local building code

SLAKE－the process of mixing α cementitious mortar or grout, allowing it to stand for5-1O minutes and then remixing.This process makes sure that the moisture in the mix penetrates lumps in the dry components,making it easier to complete the mixing procedure

SLOPETO DRAIN－α pitch placed in αfloor used to evacuate water./4"per foot (6mm per 3OOmm)is the industry recognized standard for floors

SLURRY COAT-α coat of thin-set used to bond α mortar bed to a cementitious substrate

SPACERS－plastic or rubber units used to separate and provide consistent spacing between tiles

STATIC COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION(COF)－the degree of slip resistance presented in α quantitative number that expresses the degree of slip resistance on the face of tile

STEAM GENERATOR－ mechanism that turns water into steam and pumps the steam into the steam room under pressure

SUBFLOOR-arough floor,plywood or boards,laid directlyon joists and to which an underlayment or substrate is instaled

SUBSTRATE－the underlying material to which α tile installation material is bonded

TCNA－Tile Council of North America

THERMAL MOVEMENT－the tendency of materials to change in volume in response to changes in temperature (Heat \mathbf { \bar { \rho } } = \mathbf { \rho } expand: Cold \mathbf { \Sigma } = \mathbf { \Sigma } contract)

THERMAL SHOCK－internal stress created when α tile undergoes rapid changes in temperature within short periods of time

THICK BED MORTAR-α thick layerof mortar that is used for leveling (see mortar bed)

THIN-SET－tile-setting materialthat hasafinal thickness of no greater than 3/32"(2.4mm) after tile is fully embedded

USGBC－United States Green Building Counci

VAPOR BARRIER－see Vapor Diffusion Retarder

VAPOR DIFFUSION－the movement of water vapor through vapor permeable building materials

VAPORDIFFUSIONRETARDER(VAPORBARRIER)-αmaterial that is placed within anassembly to control the migration of moisture due to diffusion

VAPOR PERMEANCE-α measure of the rate of water vapor difusion through building materials (a lowerperm rating ndicates less vapor permeability)

VITREOUS TILE-tile with an absorption rate of between 0.5 - 3 . 0 % （204号

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC）－carbon compounds that participate in atmospheric photochemical reactions and evaporate at normal room temperature

WALL TILE-α glazed tile withα body that is suitable for interior use only and has an absorption rate of greater than 7 . 0 %

WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE-α material applied to αsubstrate before tiling to protect the substrateand supporting structure from damage by water

WETAREA-surfaces that are either soaked,saturated,or regularlyand frequently subjected to moistureorliquids (usually water),such as saunas,steam rooms,showers,swimming pools, and more

10.4 Resource Guide Ceramic Tile Materials and Methods

Tile Council of North America (TCNA) 100 Clemson Research Blvd.
Anderson, SC29625
(864) 646-8453 Terrazzo,Tile & Marble Association of Canada (TTMAC) 163 Buttermill Ave.
Unit 8
Concord,Ontario
Canada L4K 3X8
(905) 660-0513 Italian Tile Center (ltalian Trade Commission) 33 East 67th St.
New York,NY10022
(212)980-1500
ASSOPIASTRELLE
Association of Italian Ceramic Tile and
Refractories Manufacturers (Confindustria Ceramica)
Viale Monte Santo 40
Sassuolo 41049
Italy
+39 0536 818 111
Trade Commission of Spain
2655 LeJeune Road
Suite 1114
Coral Gable, FLA 33134
(305)446-4387
Association of Tile Manufacturers of Spain (ACER)
Ginjols 3
Castellon 12003 Spain
+34 64-22-3012
www.ascer.es
Ceramic Tile Institute of America,Inc.(CTIOA)
12061 West Jefferson
Culver City,CA 90230-6219
(310) 574-7800 Tile Contractors Association of America (TCAA) 10434 Indiana Ave.
Kansas City, MO 64137
(816)868-9300 National Tile Contractors Association (NTCA) 626 Lakeland East Dr.
Jackson,MS 39232
(601) 939-2071

American Ceramic Society 600 North Cleveland Ave. Westerville,OH43082 (614)890-4700

Ceramic Manufacturers Association
P.O. Box 2489
Zanesville,OH 43702
(740) 588.0828
www.cerma.org
Ceramic Glazed Masonry Institute
P.O. Box 35575
Canton,OH 44735
(330) 649-9551
www.cgmi.org
Natural Stone Methods and Materials
Marble Institute of America (MIA)
28901 Clemens Rd., Suite 100
Cleveland,OH44145
(440)250-9223

Masonry Institute of America 22815 Frampton Ave. Torrance,CA 90501-5034 (800) 221-4000

The Masonry Society 3970 Broadway Suite 201D Boulder, CO 80304-1135 (303) 939-9700 www.masonrysociety.org

Building Stone Institute
5 Riverside Dr.,Building 2
P.O. Box 419
Chestertown, NY12817
(518)803-4336
www.buildingstoneinstitute.org
Indiana Limestone Institute of America
400 Stone City Bank Building
Suite 400
Bedford,IN 47421
(812)275-4426 National Building Granite Quarries Association,Inc. 1220 L St., NW
Suite 100-167
Washington DC 20005
(800) 557-2848 Thin Brick Masonry Materials and Methods Brick Industry Association
1850 Centennial Park Dr.
Suite 301
Reston, VA 20191
(703) 620-0010
www.gobrick.com International Masonry Institute (IMI) The James Brice House
42 East St.
Annapolis, MD 21401
(410) 280-1305
www.imiweb.org National Concrete Masonry Association 13750 Sunrise Valley Dr.
Herndon,VA 20171-4662
(703)713-1900
www.ncma.org
Concrete,Pre-Cast Concrete
Portland Cement Association (PCA)
5420 Old Orchard Road
Skokie, Il 60077
(847)966-6200
www.cement.org Pre-cast/Pre-stressed Concrete Institute 200 West Adams St.
Suite 2100
Chicago, IL 60606
(312)786-0300
www.pci.org

Wire Reinforcement Institute 942 Main St., Suite300 Hartford, CT06103 (800) 552-4974

American Concrete Institute (ACl) 38800 Country Club Dr.
Farmington Hills,Ml 48331
(248)848-3700
www.concrete.org National Pre-cast Concrete Assn. 1320 City Center Dr.
Suite 200
Carmel, IN46032
(317) 571-9500
www.pre-cast.org Structural Engineering
Structural Engineering Institute of the American Societyof Civil Engineers (SEI/ASCE)
1801 Alexander Bell Dr.
Reston,VA 20191
(703)295-6300
www.seinstitute.org
Test Standards & Building Codes
American Society forTesting & Materials (ASTM)
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken,PA 19428
(610) 832-9500
www.astm.org
Materials & Methods Standards Association (MMSA)
P.O. Box 350
Grand Haven, Ml 49417
(616) 842-7844