等修饰的名词 He spoke so aloud that everyone in

the room heard.

such...that...

such 后跟可数名词单数、可数名词

复数或不可数名词

It was such a terrible day that none

of us would find an excuse for

going out to play.

so that

结果状语从句前可用逗号与主句隔

开，that 有时可省略

We arrived early in the morning，so

(that) we caught the first train.

四、让步状语从句

引导词 用法说明 例句

though，

although

though 不如 although 正式，两者常可

互换。

Although/Though she works

very hard，she makes very low

progress.

even if，

even though

表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使；

尽管”。even though 中 though 不可用

although 代替

Even if/Even though you say

so，I do not believe it.

疑问词－ever，no

matter＋疑问词

疑问词－ever 可与 no matter＋疑问词

互换。why\\whether 不能与－ever 连用

Whenever I'm unhappy，it is

my friend who cheers me up.

The quality will be the same，

whichever of them you choose.

as

从句中的表语、状语或作谓语的实义

动词需提前至句首。作表语的可数名

词单数前若有冠词则需要省去。though

引导的从句也可这样用，但 although

不能

Pop star as/though she is，she

still needs improve.

五、其他状语从句

引导词 用法说明 例句

地点状语从句

主要有 where，wherever 等。where

指“在某个地方”，wherever 指“在

任何地方”

Please make a mark where you

have a question.Sit wherever you

like.

目的状语从句

主要有 in order that，so that，for fear

that，in case 等。从句中常用 may，

might，can，could，should 等情态动

词

I'll run slowly so that you can catch

up with me.

条件状语从句 主要有 if，as/so long as，on condition If he breaks his promise，she will

that，unless 等 never speak to him again.

方式状语从句 主要有 as，as if，as though 等

She was behaving as if she hadn't

grown up.

比较状语从句 主要有 than，as 等

I can throw the ball farther than you

can.

例题解析

1．(2018·真题 24)I do not like the color of my new bike ________ it runs really fast.

A．though B．because

C．if D．or

【答案】 A

【解析】 我不喜欢新自行车的颜色，尽管它跑得很快。

本题考查让步状语从句。A 项 though 意为“虽然、尽管”，符合题意和语境，故选 A 项。

2．(2017·真题 23)You'd better take some notes before you ________ it.

A．are forgetting B．forget

C．will forget D．forgot

【答案】 B

【解析】 你最好在忘记之前做些笔记。

本题考查状语从句。主句 You'd better take some notes 是提出建议，表示将来，根据“主

将从现”的解题原则，根据 before 引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时态，故选 B。

3．(2016·真题 25)If it ________ tomorrow，I will not go to see my aunt.

A．will rain B．would rain

C．rains D．Rain

【答案】 C

【解析】 本题考查条件状语从句。根据句首的 If 明显可知，其后是条件状语从句。根

据“主将从现”的解题原则，条件状语从句中用一般现在时态表示将来。C 项 rains 是一般现

在时态第三人称单数，符合题意和语境，故选 C。

课堂小练

(时间：40 分钟 分值：60 分)

一、选择题

1. ________you try to do something beyond what you have already mastered，you will never

grow.

A．Once B．If

C．Because D．Unless

答案：D

解析：考查连词。句意：除非你尝试去做一些你已经掌握之外的事情，否则你永远不会

成长。A.Once 一旦；B.If 如果；C.Because 因为；D.Unless 除非，如果不。根据句意和下文“you

will never grow”可知，此处应用 unless 引导条件状语从句，意为“如果不”，相当于 if not；

其他选项均不符合句意。故选 D。

2．How the loans are paid should be of little concern to the bank ________they are paid on

time.

A．as far as B．as soon as

C．as long as D．as well as

答案：C

解析：考查复合连词词义辨析。只要按时还款，如何偿还贷款对银行来说应该无关紧要。

A.as far as 据……而言；B.as soon as 一……就……；C.as long as 只要；D.as well as 除……之

外还……，此外。根据句意可知，只要按时还款，如何偿还无关紧要。故选 C。

3．Just ________underwater grass floats on the surface if it loses its roots，a nation is lost

without its memories.

A．since B．while

C．as D．when

答案：C

解析：考查状语从句。句意：正如水下的草，如果失去了根就会浮在水面上，一个国家

失去了记忆也就迷失了。A.since 因为；B.while 当……时候；C.as 正如，好像；D.when 当……

时候。本句为方式状语从句，表示“就像，正如”应用 as。故选 C。

4．The teacher stared at Jack ________ he had done something wrong.

A．as if B．in case

C．so that D．even if

答案：A

解析：考查连词。句意：老师盯着杰克，好像他做了错事。A.as if 好像；B.in case 万一；

C.so that 因此，以便；D.even if 即使。故选 A。

5．The thief looked around every now and then ________ he knew he was being followed.

A．even if B．in case

C．so that D．as if

答案：D

解析：考查方式状语从句。句意：小偷时不时地环顾四周，好像他知道他正在被跟踪似

的。A.even if 即使；B.in case 万一；C.so that 以便；D.as if 仿佛。由句意可知，空格后句子

在句中作方式状语从句，as if 可引起方式状语从句。故选 D。

二、语法填空

1．—Daring，hand me the new suit.My coat may be a little casual for the lecture.

—Why bother? I think you can go as you are.

2．The clever dog buried the bones so_that/in_order_that/where the other dogs wouldn't find

hem.

3. Since we parted，we have kept writing to each other.

4．Please make sure you always put your medicines where children can't reach them.

5．You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason before you reach any decision.

6．I have heard a lot of good things about you since I came back from abroad.

7．It is a good idea to start a part-time job so_long_as it doesn't affect your studies.

8．I don't believe we've met before, although/though I must say you do look familiar to me.

9．Lucy was shocked not to find her car where she had parked it the night before，so she

phoned the police immediately.

10．I can't leave her unless_ I know she is all right.

[我之得失] _____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

第 4 节 倒装句

思维导图

广东真题

一、语法

1．(2012·广东卷) ________do I fail to get up early.(偏难)

A．Certainly B．Seldom

C．Sometimes D．Once

2．(2013·广东卷) ________the danger as he climbed up the stairs.(偏难)

A．Little the baby realized B．The baby little realized

C．The little baby not realized D．Little did the baby realize

3．(2015·广东卷)Only when you have a good knowledge of grammar ________write

correctly.(偏难)

A．you must B．must you

C．can you D．you can

4．(2016·广东卷)Only in this way ________finish the job on time.(偏难)

A．am I B．I am

C．can I D．I can

5．(2016·广东卷)Mary likes Chinese and ________.(偏难)

A．so does Tom B．so did Tom

C．so Tom did D．so Tom does

6．(2017·广东卷)Seldom ________ TV last year.(偏难)

A．I watched B．I watch

C．do I watch D．did I watch

答案：1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.D

二、完成句子

(2019·广东卷)Only in this way ________________________________(你才能完成任

务)．(偏难)

答案：can you complete the task

考点透析

一、倒装句的概念

种类 倒装条件 例句

完全

倒装

here，there，up，down，in，out，off，

away 等副词开头的句子表示强调

Here comes the old lady!

Out rushed the children.

表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首

Under_the_tree stood two tables and four

chairs.

On_the_top_of_the_hill stands a pine

tree.

强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平

衡

Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.

部分

倒装

not，little，few，never，seldom，hardly，

scarcely，rarely，not until，in no way，

at no time; under no circumstances 等表

示否定意义的副词放于句首

Little does he care about what I said.

Hardly did I know what had happened.

Not until my son had entered the

university did he realize the importance of

time.

only 修饰的状语放于句首

Only_then did he realize the importance

of English.

Only when the meeting was over was he

able to go back to meet his friend.

Not only...but also...；hardly...when...；

no sooner...than...连接并列的句子，前倒

后不倒

Not only does he know French，but also he

is expert at it.

neither...nor...连接并列的句子，前后都倒

装

Neither do I know it，nor do I care about

it.

so...that，such...that 中的 so 或 such 及修

饰的成分放于句首时前倒后不倒

So busy is he that he can not go on a

holiday.

as 引导的让步状语

Tired as he was，he kept on running.

Child as he is，he has learned a lot.

so，neither 或 nor 前句内容也适用于另

外的人或事。

He can play the piano.So can I.

省略 if 的虚拟条件句 Were I you，I would not do it in this way.

二、完全倒装

1．there be (lie，stand，live...)句型。there be 是谓语，其后的名词是主语。

There are different forms of energy.

On the top of the mountain there stands an old temple.

Once upon a time，there lived a poor fisherman.

2．表时间、地点、方位的副词 here，there，out，in，up，down，away，now，then

等开头的句子中。

Here are my replies to your question.

Then came the order to take off.

Away ran the terrified boy.

3．表地点或时间的介词短语作状语位于句首。

Beyond the bushes lay the fields.

After the banquet came a display of fireworks.

4．某些表语(介词短语/形容词短语/过去分词/进行时态中的现在分词)位于句首。

Near the church was an old ruined cottage.

Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.

Buried in the sands was an ancient village.

Leading to the park is a long and straight road.

注意：在完全倒装中，如果主语是人称代词，就不用倒装。如：

Here you are.

There she comes.

另：当直接引语放在句首时，要用完全倒装。例如：

“You must be joking！”，shouted my wife.

“He is the last man I want to see”，answered the boy.

三：部分倒装

1．Hardly/Barely/Scarcely...when...; No sooner...than...

Hardly had he got into the bath when the phone rang.

No sooner had she arrived in Rome than she was kidnapped.

2．Not only...but also...

Not only did he come up with a brilliant idea，but also he put it into pratice right away.

3．Not until...

Not until he was isolated from everyone did he realize how vital the interaction with others

was.

4．Only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句……

Only then did I realize the importance of math.(副词)

Only by this means is it possible to explain it.(介词短语)

Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.(从句)

5．某些否定副词位于句首：never，not，no，little，still less，least of all，seldom，rarely，

barely，hardly，scarcely，nowhere，no longer

Not a word did I say to him.

Never have I found him so happy.

Little does he care about what I said.

6．某些含 no 的介词短语位于句首： in no way，in no case，at no time, by_no_means，

on_no_account，on_no_condition(决不)，under/in_no_circumstances(在任何情况下都不)等

Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the others.

7．So/Such...that...

So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.

Such an aggressive child is he that he has made much achievements.

8．状语从句中 as/though

Exhausted as/ though she was，she wasn't able to sleep.

Child as he is，he knows much about the world.

Carefully as he did his homework，he still made many mistakes.

Fail as he did，he didn't give up.

9．so/nor/neither 开头的句子，也可写成 it is the same with...或者 so it is with ...

—He has been to Canada.

—So have I．我也是。

—So he has.他确实去了。

—I was a teacher but I want to be a doctor now.

—So it is with my friend.

10．省略了 if 的虚拟条件句

Had I been informed earlier，I could have done something.

＝ If I had been informed earlier，I could have done something.

Should anyone call，tell him to wait for me here.

＝ If anyone should call，tell him to wait for me here.

Were I not engaged in my present work，I would be quite willing to do what you ask me to.

＝ If I were not engaged in my present work，I would be quite willing to do what you ask me

to.

11．however 与 no matter how 引导的让步状语从句

However great the difficulty may be，we won't lose heart.

12．the more...the more...句型

The farther away a thing is，the smaller it looks.

13．用于某些表示祝愿的句子里

May you succeed!

Long live the People's Republic of China! ＝ May the People's Republic of China (should)

live long.

四、倒装句的口诀

口诀 说明 例句

N

表示否定或半否定意义的词，如 no，never，not，

little，few，hardly，nowhere，seldom 等放在句

首时，含该否定词的句子用部分倒装

Little do we know about him.

A as/though 引导让步状语从句时，用倒装形式， Tired as he was，he still went

将表语、谓语动词、状语置于句首 on with his work.

O

only 修饰状语置于句首时，被该状语修饰的句

子用部分倒装

Only in this way can we make

progress.

S

so...that...句式中，如果“so＋形容词/副词”部

分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装

So clever is he that he can

work out all the difficult

problems.

H

句首是表示方向、地点、时间等词，且句子主

语是名词时

Out rushed the children.

I

含有 were/should/had 的 if 非真实条件句时，省

略连词 if，需将 were/should/had 提前形成部分

倒装

Had you come earlier，you

would have met him.

例题解析

1．Only until his father was out of prison, ________to school.

A．can Charles go B．Charles can go

C．could Charles go D．Charles could go

【答案】 C

【解析】 副词 only 在句首，后接一个时间状语从句时，从句按自然语序，而主句要用

部分倒装语序，所以选 C。

2．Not a single word ________at yesterday's party.

A．did she say B．she did say

C．she said D．said she

【答案】 A

【解析】 本句考查的是否定词放在句首时引起的倒装结构。句意：昨天晚上的晚会上

她一句话也没有说。当否定词及半否定词放句首时，应采用部分倒装形式。

3．Her answer is not acceptable，and ________.

A．neither am I B．either is mine

C．neither is mine D．mine is neither

【答案】 C

【解析】 and 前的句子是否定的，and 后的句子表示“我的也是”要用 neither，且倒

装。

课堂小练

(时间：40 分钟 分值：60 分)

一、选择题

1．Only in this way ________ to make improvement in the new system.

A．you can hope B．you did hope

C．can you hope D．did you hope

答案：C

解析：“only＋状语”位于句首，主句需要部分倒装，故选 C。

2．Rose works in a shop，and __________.

A．so does Jack B．so Jack does

C．so is Jack D．so Jack is

答案：A

解析：以 so 开头的句子，表示前面的肯定情形同样适用于后面的人或物，句子要倒装，

works 为实意动词，后面句子谓语用 do 的相应形式，故选 A。

3．—I cannot understand a word of it.

— ____________.

A．Nor I can B．Neither I can

C．Neither can't I D．Neither can I

答案：D

解析：以 neither 开头的句子，表示前面的否定情形也同样适用于后面的人或物，需要使

用部分倒装。故选 D。

4．Not until I came back from Canada ________that there had been great changes in my

hometown.

A．I did realize B．did I realize

C．I realize D．I realized

答案：B

解析：否定词 not 位于句首时，句子需部分倒装，故选 B。

5．No sooner ________ it than she knew she had made a mistake.

A．she had said B．she has said

C．has she said D．had she said

答案：D

解析：“一……就”句型，否定词位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装，句型“No sooner＋

had＋主＋过去分词＋than 过去时从句”，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，故选 D。

6．Only in this way ________ solve the problem.

A．you can B．can you

C．must you D．you must

答案：B

解析：“only＋状语”位于句首时需部分倒装，排除 A、D; can 表能力，符合句意，故

选 B。

7．Hardly ____________the station when the train started.

A．I had arrived at B．had I arrived

C．had I reached D．I had got to

答案：C

解析：hardly 位于句首时，引起部分倒装，A、D 未倒装，故排除；arrive 后接地点名词

时应有介词 at 或 in，排除 B；故选 C。

8．Not until he began to work __________that he had wasted so much time.

A．didn't he realize B．he didn't realize

C．did he realize D．he realized

答案：C

解析：否定词位于句首，引起部分倒装。原句应该是：“He didn't realize that he had wasted

so much time until he began to work”，故选 C。

9．I have never been abroad, ____________ he.

A．neither has B．nor had

C．so has D．so had

答案：A

解析：前句为否定句“我从来没有出过国”，否定情况也同样适合于另一个人，用 neither

或 nor 位于句首，排除 C、D，比较 A 和 B，A 项谓语动词 has 与前句时态一致，B 项谓语

动词使用错误，故选 A。

10．Only in this way ____________finish it quickly.

A．you can B．can you

C．should you D．you should

答案：B

解析：“only＋状语”位于句首时需部分倒装，排除 A、D; can 表能力，符合句意，故

选 B。

11．Not only ____________，but also he was polite.

A．does he work hard B．he works hard

C．did he work hard D．he worked hard

答案：C

解析：本题考查部分倒装。not only...but also...位于句首，连接两个并列分句时，not only

分句部分倒装，but also 分句不倒装，排除 B、D; 再比较 A 和 C，故选 C。

12．Not until yesterday ____________ his letter.

A．I received B．received I

C．had I received D．did I receive

答案：D

解析：否定词位于句首引起的倒装，属于部分倒装，故排除 A、B，再根据时态判断，

应使用一般过去时，故选 D。

13．Not only was she working hard, ____________.

A．but also was she polite B．but also she was polite

C．was she helpful D．she but was polite

答案：B

解析：Not only...but also 连接两个单句时，前面的句子倒装，后面的句子不倒装，故选 B。

14．No sooner ____________ they rushed out into the street.

A．did they hear the news than B．had they heard the news than

C．did they hear the news when D．they had heard the news then

答案：B

解析：“no sooner...than” 结构中，no sooner 后用过去完成时，并进行部分倒装，故选 B。

15．Under the big tree ____________.

A．stands a stone table B．a stone table standing

C．does a stone table stands D．a stone table stood

答案：A

解析：为了强调状语，将状语置于句首，应完全倒装，故选 A。

16．There on the ground ____________a poor peasant boy of sixteen years old.

A．lay B．did lay

C．did lie D．laid

答案：A

解析：本题实际上也属于 there be 句型，即 there be(lie/stand/live...)，完全倒装，故选 A。

二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空

1. Such is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.

2．Were it not for your help，I couldn't have made such amazing progress.

3．Should it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.

4．Mary never does any reading in the evening.Neither/Nor does John.

5．Hardly had they reached (reach) Edinburgh than they were ordered to return to London.

6．I have been living in the United States for twenty years，but seldom have I felt so lonely as

now.

7．Jimmy was so nervous that not a single word did he write down in the dictation.

8．—Is everyone here?

—Not yet...Look，there come (come) the rest of our guests!

9．Into the dark room walked (walk) David，who was surprised when everyone shouted

“Happy Birthday”．

10．Under no circumstances can we allow drugs to become uncontrolled in our district.

[我之得失] _____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

第 5 节 主谓一致

思维导图

广东真题

语法

1．(2013·广东卷)Mathematics ________an important subject taught in the middle school.(基

础)

A．are B．is

C．being D．be

2．(2015·广东卷)A hundred miles ________ a long distance.(适中)

A．was B．were

C．are D．is

3．(2020·广东卷)Sunshine，as well as water, ________needed to make plants grow.(偏难)

A is what B．are

C．is D．are that

【答案】 1.B 2.D 3.C

考点透析

主谓一致即谓语动词的使用要与句子的主语在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。主谓一致

包括语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。

原则 情况

语法

一致

(1)主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。

(2)many a＋单数名词/more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

(3)代词 each 以及由 every，some，no，any 等构成的复合代词作主语时，或

主语中含有 each，every 时，谓语需用单数。

意义

一致

(1)形式单数但意义为复数的 people，the police，cattle(牛)等谓语动词用复数。

(2)The＋形容词表示一类人的 the young/old/injured/wounded 等谓语用复数。

(3)表示某国人的总称的 the Chinese，the British 等谓语用复数。

(4)以 s 结尾的不可数名词或学科名词：如 news 新闻，physics 物理，

mathematics/maths 数学，economics 经济学，politics 政治学，谓语用单数。

(5)有些单复数同形的名词，如 means 方式，aircraft 飞机，deer 鹿，fish 鱼等，

作主语时，应根据单数概念或复数概念判断谓语。

(6)集体名词 family，audience，crew，crowd，class，company，committee 作

主语时，主语指整体用单数，反之用复数。

(7)金钱，时间，价格，度量衡等复数名词作主语时，看成一个整体时谓语动

词用单数。

Ten minutes is enough.十分钟足够了。

Sixty years is a long time.60 年是一段很长的时间。

就近

原则

(1)由 neither...nor...；either...or...；not only...but also...；not...but...等连接主语

(2)there be...and...

二、特殊情况

特殊情况 处理方式 例句

不定式，动名词，名词从句作主语 谓语用单数 Doing sports is beneficial to our

health.

A＋together with，along with，with，

except，as well as＋B 作主语

谓语动词

与 A 一致

Mary together with her sisters is

studying Chinese in China.

先行词＋which/who/that(作主语)

引导定语从句

从句谓语与

先行词一致

I will play chess with my

friends who are good at it.

one of＋复数名词＋关系代词作主

语引导的定语从句

从句谓语用

复数

He is one of the students who

win the first prize in our school.

the only/very one of＋复数名词＋

关系代词作主语引导的定语从句

从句谓语用

单数

He is the only one of the

students who wins the first prize

in our school.

分数或百分数＋(of)＋名词”及 a

lot of，lots of，plenty of，part of，

some of，most of，the rest of，all of，

half of，the remainder of any of＋名

词或代词作主语

谓语与 of 后

的词一致

The rest of the lecture is quite

boring.

A (large) number of＋可数名词复

数作主语

谓语用复数

A number of cities in our

country are becoming more and

more beautiful.

The number of＋可数名词复数作

主语

谓语用单数

The number of athletes

competing in the Olympic

Games has increased.

书名，剧名，报纸名称及国家名称

的复数名词作主语

谓语用单数

The United States of America is

one of the most developed

countries in the world.

Many a 或 More than one 所修饰的

词作主语时

谓语用单数

Many a computer game

influences young people's life

badly.

三、语法一致原则

英语中，谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，叫作主谓一致。通常采用下列三

个原则，即：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。

【考查点 1】概念

所谓语法一致原则即在语法形式上保持一致。如：主语是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数；

主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况：

【考查点 2】 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语

动词用单数。

如： Reading_English_newspaper_is a good way of improving your English.

阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。

如： How_you_can_get_there_is a problem.

你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。

【考查点 3】 两个单数名词用 and 连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。

如： Swimming_and_walking_are good exercises.

游泳和散步都是好运动。

【考查点 4】如果主语是单数名词，尽管后面跟有(together)_with，as_well_as，along_with，

rather，but，except 等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式；如主语是复数，则谓语动词也用

复数。换一种简单的理解方法，也就是“就远一致”，谓语动词与 with 等词前的名词保持一

致。

如： Mary_as_well_as her friends likes this painting.

玛丽和她的朋友们都喜欢这幅画。

谓语动词 like 的形式与主语 Mary 保持一致，与离它较近的 her friends 并无关系。

如： Dr.Smith，together_with his wife，is to arrive on the evening flight.

史密斯博士及其夫人将乘晚班飞机抵达。

【考查点 5】 “a_lot_of_[lots_of，plenty_of，the_rest_(majority)_of]，some_(all，most

等)_of＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与 of 后的名词保持一致。

如： Most_of_the_students in our class are leagues members.

我们班上大多数学生是团员。

【考查点 6】 由“分数或百分数＋of＋名词(或代词)”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动

词的单复数要与 of 后面的名词(短语)保持一致。

如： Two_thirds_of_the_country_is dry or desert.

这个国家的三分之二的地方气候干燥或者是沙漠地区。

如： Two_thirds_of_the_people_are against the plan.

三分之二的人反对这个计划。

四、意义一致原则

所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义，常见的有以

下几种情况。

【考查点 1】 表示总称意义形单意复的名词，如 people，police，cattle 等作主语时，只

当作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。

如： The_police_are searching for a murderer in that mountain.

警察正在山中搜寻一名杀人犯。

【考查点 2】 集体名词 class，family，government，group，team，public，committee 等

作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据主语所指的意义而定：当主语被看作一个整体时，

谓语用单数；如果被看成是其中的个体成员时，谓语就用复数。

如： The_class_consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girls.

这个班由 25 个男生和 20 个女生组成。

【考查点 3】由两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式，

如 glasses，trousers，jeans，shorts，shoes，chopsticks_(筷子)，scissors_(剪刀)，socks，compasses_(圆

规)。但如果这些名词前有 a_pair_of 或 two/three/...pairs_of 来修饰时，谓语动词在数上要与

pair 保持一致。

如：My glasses are new.

我的眼镜是新的。

【考查点 4】 当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等名词的复数作主语时，通

常被看作一个整体，后接单数名词。

如： Twenty_years_is a long time in one's life.

20 年在人的一生中是很长的一段时间。

【考查点 5】 某些形复意单的名词(如表示人名、地名、国名及组织、书籍、报刊等名

称的专有名词和学科名词等)作主语，谓语动词用单数。

如： Physics_is a difficult subject to learn，I think.

我想，物理是一门难学的科目。

【考查点 6】如果主语由“the_＋形容词(分词)”担任，如果表示一类人时，谓语动词

用复数形式；如果指个人或抽象概念时，谓语动词则用单数形式。

如： The_old_are taken good care of in our country.

在我们国家，老人受到很好的照顾。

【考查点 7】表示数量的短语“one_and_a_half＋名词复数”及“a＋单数名词＋a_half”

作主语时，谓语用单数。

如： One_and_a_half_oranges_has been left on the table.

桌子上只剩下一个半橘子了。

【考查点 8】某些单复数同形的名词作主语时，表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数；表

示复数意义时，谓语用复数。这类名词有：sheep，deer，fish，means_(方法、手段)，species_(种

类)，及以－ese 结尾的表示民族的名词等。

如：One day this_white_sheep_was lost.

有一天，这只白色的绵羊丢了。

如： A_Japanese_is coming to visit our school tomorrow.

明天有个日本人要来参观我们的学校。

【考查点 9】a_quantity_of_和 quantities_of_后面既可接复数名词，又可接不可数名词：

但前者作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的单复数；而后者作主语时，谓语动词

总用复数。

如：A quantity of books_have been bought.

已经买了好多书。

五、就近一致原则

即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定。常见的有以下几种情况：

【考查点 1】当 or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also...，not...but...，whether...or...

等连接的两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近它的名词或代词。

如：Either you or Lily_is to do the cleaning after supper.

不是该你，就是莉莉在晚饭后打扫卫生。

Lily 是单数人称，所以谓语动词使用 is，而不与前面的 you 保持统一，也不会因为前面

有 you 和 Lily 而使用复数。

如：Not only the mother but also the_children_were there.

不但母亲在那里，而且孩子们也在那里。

【考查点 2】在倒装句中如一个句子由 there 或 here 引起，而主语又不止一个，谓语动词

往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。

如： There_is_a_desk，a table and three chairs in the room.

房间里有一张书桌，一张桌子和三把椅子。

例题解析

1．(2022·广东卷)A Tale of Two Cities ________ my favorite English novel.

A．be B．am

C．are D．is

【答案】 D

【解析】 本题考查主谓一致。句意：《双城记》是我最喜欢的英文小说。“A Tale of Two

Cities”指的是一本书，是单数，所以谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式，故选 D 项。

2．The number of students taking the music class ________.

A．are rising B．is rising

C．rose D．rise

【答案】 B

【解析】 本题考查主谓一致。句意：上音乐课的学生的数量目前在增加。主语为“the

number”，是单数名词，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，故选 B 项。A 项中的“are”为

复数形式；C 项为一般过去时；D 项为一般现在时，谓语动词为复数形式。A、C、D 项均不

符合题意。

3. ________Chinese ________Japanese are Asians.

A．Both；and B．Neither；nor

C．Neither；or D．Either；or

【答案】 A

【解析】 主语由Both...and 连接时，谓语用复数形式；由并列结构either...or，neither...nor

连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。

4．About ________of the teachers in our school ________ young people.

A．two five；are B．second fifth；is

C．two fifths；are D．two fifths；is

【答案】 C

【解析】 分数或百分数＋(of)＋名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词与短语 of 后面

的名词保持一致。

课堂小练

(时间：40 分钟 分值：60 分)

一、选择题

1．A number of visitors ________visiting the West Lake and the number of the visitors

________increasing.

A．are；is B．is；are

C．are；are D．is；is

答案：A

2．Not only all the students but also the teacher ________ going to the zoo tomorrow.

A．are B．is

C．am D．were

答案：B

3．Neither Tom nor I ________interested in playing WeChat.

A．am B．is

C．are D．be

答案：A

4．There ________ a number of books in the library and the number of them ________

increasing.

A．has；is B．have；are

C．are；is D．is；are

答案：C

5．The old ________taken good care of in China now.

A．was B．are

C．is D．were

答案：B

6．His family ________a large one，and now the whole family ________having dinner.

A．is；is B．is；are

C．are；are D．are；is

答案：B

7．The boy with his two dogs ________when the earthquake happened.

A．were sleeping B．is sleeping

C．was sleeping D．are sleeping

答案：C

8．I hear one third of the books in the library ________new.Let's borrow some.

A．is B．are

C．was D．were

答案：B

9．The great writer and teacher ________ who ________very strict with his students.

A．is an old man；is B．are both old men；are

C．is an old man；are D．are two Chinese；are

答案：A

10．There ________a book and some pens on your desk.

A．is B．are

C．have D．has

答案：A

11．The price of the ball ________10 dollars.

A．am B．is

C．are D．be

答案：B

12．As the saying goes，no news ________ good news.

A．is B．are

C．has D．have

答案：A

13．Each of the girls here ________to the West Lake twice.

A．have gone B．have been

C．has gone D．has been

答案：D

14．The number of the books on my bookcase ________200.

A．is B．are

C．has D．have

答案：A

15．—Do you need more time to finish the task?

—Yes.Another ten days ________ enough.

A．is B．was

C．are D．were

答案：A

16．Here ________ some pencils for every teacher now.

A．was B．were

C．is D．are

答案：D

17．Everyone ________going to learn English.

A．is B．are

C．do D．does

答案：A

18．Not only I but also Tom ________interested in English because it ________ useful.

A．is；is B．are；is

C．is；are D．are；are

答案：A

19．There ________a large bowl of jiaozi on the table.

A．is B．are

C．be D．has

答案：A

20．Playing computer games too often ________bad for us.

A．am B．is

C．are D．has

答案：B

二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空

1．The following are(be) some other examples for you to refer to.

解析：The following....属于倒装句，be 动词应与后边的主语单复数保持一致。本句主语

是 some other examples，故填 are。

2．There are(be) millions of websites on the Internet and there is(be) a lot of useful

information on the websites.

解析：There be...句型属于倒装句，be 动词应与后边的主语单复数保持一致。两句主语分

别是 millions of websites 和 a lot of useful information，故填 are; is。

3．Between the two rows of trees stands(stand) the newly built teaching building.

解析：本句是介词短语位于句首构成倒装句，真正的主语是 the newly built teaching

building，单数意义。故填 stands。

[我之得失] _____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

第 6 节 虚拟语气

思维导图

广东真题

语法

(2018·广东卷)If the bus to the airport hadn't been late，we ________the plane.(偏难)

A．caught B．had caught

C．would catch D．would have caught

【答案】 D

考点透析

一、虚拟条件句的基本用法

1．if 虚拟条件句

(1)基本构成

时间 if 从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式

对现在的虚拟 过去式(be 的过去式用 were)

should/would/could/might＋

动词原形

对过去的虚拟 had＋过去分词

should/would/could/might＋

have＋过去分词

对将来的虚拟

should＋动词原形

should/would/could/might＋

动词原形

过去式(be 的过去式用 were)

were to＋动词原形

(2)错综时间虚拟条件句

当从句、主句所表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所在的时间作出

相应的调整。

If you hadn't left home without a word，your parents wouldn't be so worried now.

要不是你一言不发地离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了。(从句与过去事实相反，主

句与现在事实相反)

(3)省略 if 的倒装句

if 虚拟条件状语从句中出现 were，had，should 时，可省略 if，把 were，had，should 提

到句首，变为倒装句式。

Had he caught the first bus，he would not have been late for the meeting.

要是他赶上了第一班公交车，那他就不会开会迟到了。

2．含蓄条件句

(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用 but for，without 等介词(短语)或上下文来表

示。

We wouldn't have finished the project on time without your timely help.

如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。

(2)用连词 otherwise，or 等暗示下文与前面的情况相反，从而引出下文的虚拟语气。

I was ill that day.Otherwise，I would have joined you in planting the tree.

我那天病了，否则，我就和你们一起植树了。

(3)虚拟条件通过 but 暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。

I would have delivered a speech，but I had a sore throat that day.

我本来可以演讲的，但是那天我嗓子疼。

二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法

1．主语从句中的虚拟语气

(1)某些 It is/was＋形容词/过去分词/名词＋that 引导的主语从句中，主语从句要用虚拟语

气，即“should＋动词原形”，should 可省略。

It's vital that we (should) take actions to protect the environment.重要的是我们应该采取行

动保护环境。

(2)用于本句型常见的形容词、过去分词、名词

形容词

necessary，important，best，right，impossible，preferable，desirable，advisable，

essential，urgent，strange 等。

过去分词

通常表示提议、要求、命令等，如 suggested，required，requested，demanded，

urged，decided，proposed，ordered，desired，advised 等。

名词 pity，regret，desire，rule，shame，honour，surprise 等。

2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气

(1)宾语从句在表示“提议”“要求”“命令”“意志”等动词后，其谓语动词用

“(should)＋动词原形”表示虚拟。常见的此类动词有 insist (坚持要求，坚决主张)，order，

command，advice，suggest (建议)，propose，recommend，ask，demand，require，request，

urge，arrange，desire，intend，direct 等。

He suggested that she (should) start off early the next day.

他建议她第二天早点出发。

[易错提醒] 当 suggest 表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist 表示“坚持说”之意时，

suggest/insist 后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，而使用陈述语气。

The expression on his face suggested that he was confused.

他脸上的表情表明他迷惑不解。

The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

那个人坚持说他从没有偷过那笔钱。

(2)wish 后接 that 引导的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的形式为：

时间 从句谓语动词形式

对现在的虚拟 过去式(be 的过去式用 were)

对过去的虚拟 had＋过去分词

对将来的虚拟 would/could/might＋动词原形

I wish (that) I were a bird.

I wish (that) I had met that football player yesterday.

(3)would rather 后接宾语从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的形式为：

时间 从句谓语动词形式

对现在的虚拟

过去式(be 的过去式用 were)

对将来的虚拟

对过去的虚拟 had＋过去分词

I'd rather he had gone to the seaside with even a little consideration.

要是他有一点点考虑去海边就好了。

3．表语从句中的虚拟语气

(1)句子主语是表示“愿望”“劝告”“建议”“主张”“命令”“决定”等行为动词

派生出来的同根名词时，其表语从句常用虚拟语气“(should)＋动词原形”结构。这类名词有

suggestion，proposal，request，advice，decision，requirement 等。

Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.

我们唯一的要求是这事应该尽可能快地解决。

(2)虚拟语气可用于 as if，as though 引导的表语从句和方式状语从句：

时间 从句谓语动词形式

对现在的虚拟 过去式(be 的过去式用 were)

对过去的虚拟 had＋过去分词

对将来的虚拟 would/could/might＋动词原形

She looks as if something serious had happened to her.

她看起来好像发生了严重的事情似的。

He opened his mouth as if he would say something.

他张开嘴好像要说什么。

[特别注意] 如果从句中描述的事情可能会发生，那么从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。

It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来像是要下雨。

4．同位语从句中的虚拟语气

当表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的名词作主语或宾语时，其同位语从句中的谓语动词

用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。常见的这类名词有：

advice 建议 decision 决定 demand 要求

desire 渴望 idea 想法 motion 提议

order 命令 plan 计划 proposal 提议

request 要求 suggestion 建议

We agreed to the order that the packages (should) be sent before 5 o'clock.

我们都同意这个命令：五点前发送这些包裹。

5．两个特定句式中的虚拟语气

(1)if only 引导的条件句及感叹句

对过去的虚拟 对现在的虚拟 对将来的虚拟

had＋过去分词 过去式(be 的过去式用 were)

would/could/should/might＋动词原

形

If only I had seen the film with you.

要是我和你看过那部电影就好了。

(2)It is (high/about/very) time (that)．..从句中谓语动词用过去式或“should＋动词原形”。

意为：早该做……了。

It is high time that we should start/started out.

我们该出发了。

例题解析

1．Your advice that Mary ________till next week is reasonable.

A．will wait B．waits

C．wait D．is going to wait

【答案】 C

【解析】 主句中含有 advice，suggestion，idea，request，proposal 等词作主语或宾语时，

其同位语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用 should＋v.，所以正确答案为 C。

2．Mr.White ________at 8：30 for the meeting，but he didn't come.

A．should have arrived B．should arrive

C．should have had arrived D．should be arriving

【答案】 A

【解析】 本句考查的是 should have＋v-ed 表示“过去应该发生而实际并未发生”的用

法。句意：怀特先生本应该八点半来开会，但是他没有来。根据题意应该表示该来而未来，

用 should have＋v-ed 的结构。

3．Do you suggest Mr.Zhang ________to work at Shanghai Branch?

A．send B．sent

C．be sent D．being sent

【答案】 C

【解析】 本句考查的是 suggest 表示“建议”时所接的宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法。

在动词 suggest，demand，order 等后面的宾语从句中，用 should＋动词原形表示虚拟；另外

从句应该用被动语态，所以选 C。

课堂小练

(时间：40 分钟 分值：60 分)

一、单项选择

1．If I ________ you，I ________worry.

A．were；wouldn't B．was；wouldn't

C．been；would have D．be；would

答案：A

2. ________，I would take an umbrella with me.

A．If I had been you B．I were you

C．If I were you D．I had been you

答案：C

3．If it ________tomorrow，what would we do?

A．rains B．were to rain

C．would rain D．rain

答案：B

4. ________today，he would get there by Friday.

A．Would he leave B．Was he leaving

C．If he were to leave D．If he leaves

答案：C

5. ________to the doctor right away，he might be alive.

A．If he went B．Were he gone

C．Should he have gone D．If he had gone

答案：D

6．If we ________here ten minutes earlier，we ________ the bus.

A．arrived；would catch B．arrived；would have caught

C．had arrived；had caught D．had arrived；would have caught

答案：D

7．If he had not gone out in the storm, ________.

A．he will be alive now B．he would be alive now

C．he would have been alive now D．he will have been alive now

答案：B

二、语法选择

1．If only he (was / were) here now!

2．If only Mary (married / will marry) me!

3．If only Jack (didn't do / hadn't done) that silly thing!

4．I didn't see your sister at the meeting.If she (has come / had come)，she would have met my

brother.

答案：1.were 2.married 3.hadn't done 4.had come

三、用所给词的正确形式填空

1．If I had_seen(see) him yesterday，I would_have_asked(ask) him about it.

2．If there was(be) no electricity in the future，our life would_change(change) a lot.

3．If Miss Green came(come) late tomorrow，who would take her place?

4．What would have happened if you hadn't_helped(not help) her child?

5．It seems as if it were(be) already summer now.

[我之得失] _____________________________________________________________

第 1 节 补全对话

广东真题

1．(2022·广东卷) M：Shall I carry your baggage to your room？( )

W: ________.

A．No，thanks B．Don't worry

C．Good luck D．Let's go

【答案】 A

【解析】 本题考查交际用语：请求与回答。根据问句 Shall I carry your bagkage to your

room？要我帮你把行李拿到房间吗？B 项“别担心”；C 项“祝好运”；D 项“让我们出发

吧”。A 项“不了，谢谢”常用在礼貌地拒绝对方提出的某种请求。故选 A。

2．(2022·广东卷)W：Excuse me，could you tell me how I can get to the Ocean Park？( )

M: ________.

A．Don't ask me B．Sorry，I am a stranger here

C．This way please D．I have no idea

【答案】 B

【解析】 本题考查交际用语——问路与回答。说话人想向对方问路，A 项“别问我”

和 D 项“我一无所知”是一种不礼貌的回应方式，C 项“这边请”通常用在为人领路时，较

之 B 项“抱歉，我对这儿不熟悉”，B 项更加符合语境，故选 B。

3．(2021·广东卷)M：Sorry.I'm late，Mrs Smith.( )

W: ________.

A．That's all right B．You are welcome

C．Oh，come on D．Oh，dear

【答案】 A

【解析】 本题考查交际用语——道歉与回答。根据“Sorry，I'm late.Mrs Smith”可知

说话者在道歉。A 项 That's all right 意为“没关系”，符合对话情景。B 项 You are welcome 不

客气；C 项 Oh，come on 加油；D 项 Oh，dear 哎呀。故选 A。

4．(2021·广东卷)W：Hello，may I speak to Bob？( )

M: ________.

A．Yes，you are right B．Yes，Bob speaking

C．Yes，I'm fine D．Yes，he is Bob

【答案】 B

【解析】 本题考查交际用语——电话交际用语，根据“Hello，may I speak to Bob？”

可以得知说话者打电话找 Bob。A、C、D 三项均不符合打电话的语境，B 项意为“我就是

Bob.”故选 B。

考点透析

一、题型解读

补全对话是考查学生在真实的语言环境中运用所学英语知识交流思想，表达观点的一种

题型。每小题均为一个不完整的简短对话，要求考生在理解的基础上从所提供的选项中选出

一个最佳答案。将对话补充完整。考查重点为实际生活中应用广泛的各种情景。如：感谢与

道歉、遗憾与同情、问候与道别，请求与应答、请教与应答、指导与拒绝，预定房间，询问

与提供信息等。本题型主要考查考生在简单的英语交际中，根据语境正确使用交际用语的能

力。

二、复习建议

补全对话整体难度不大，易错率较低，但出题灵活，考查范围广泛，导致考生容易失分。

失分的原因如下：

1．没有注意中、英文化差异，按照中文思维解题而造成失分。以经典的赞美夸奖话题为

例，在应答对方夸奖的时候，中国人总是表现得很谦虚，常常回答“没有”“哪里哪里”“过

奖”等话语，而西方人则是大方地用“Thank you”接受对方的夸奖。

2．运用惯性思维，没有注意关键细节而造成失分。对话中的句子一定要看清楚。特别是

有回答的地方，往往对选择答案起着关键的作用。

3．没有分清对话的场景，误解了对话内容而造成失分。除了读清对话的意思以外，还需

要弄清对话的场景，进一步排除掉一些模棱两可的答案。

4．不能确切理解和区分形式相近的词或短语的意义而造成失分。如“With pleasure”和“My

pleusure”；“That's right”和“That's all right”等短语之间的区别。

考生在日常练习中需要注意以上问题，尽量避免因为题目简单掉以轻心而造成失分的现

象。此外养成分析习惯，培养结合上下文分析语境的能力，做到以不变应万变。

三、解题步骤

第一步：浏览对话内容，了解大意，确定对话场景。

第二步：浏览选项，了解各选项的意义。可通过正文的问句从选项中选择合适的答句，

或通过正文中的答句敲定选项中的问句。

第三步：确定答案。着重关注对话空格中待填内容与上下文在意义上的关联，选择最合

适的选项填入空格。

第四步：检查。将所选的选项代入空格处，整体再检查一下，确认对话是否符合语境，

是否意义连贯、逻辑合理。

四、答题注意事项——“四忌”

1．忌上词下用

上词下用指的是答句部分延用了题干句子的重点词、信息词，按表层意思似乎合情合理，

但往往为错误的“虚像”，需经进一步分析后才能确定正确选项。典型的例子如用“I don't”

应答“Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow”，用“Don't be sorry”回答“I'm sorry I

broke your mirror”，以及用“No thanks”回答“Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me.”

避免“上词下用”的误区，一是确认题目涉及的交际功能项目，二是确认句子上下文语

境，三是确认正确的话语方式。

—I wonder if I could use your telephone.

— ________.

A．I wonder how B．I don't wonder

C．Sorry，it's out of order D．No wonder，here it is

尽管该题中反复出现“wonder”一词，但通过仔细审题可确定其考查的功能项目为征求对

方意见，问句相当于“Could I use your telephone？”综合语境和话题的分析，正确的答话方

式一般为“Of course you can”(肯定)或“Sorry，you can't”(否定)，也只有 C 项符合题意，A、

B、D 项均属典型的“上词下用”现象，而且 D 项中的“No wonder”意为“难怪 ”，更是和

题干内容相差甚远。

2．忌中文思维

与上词下用比较，这一误区更具迷惑力，因为无论按题目内容或是按思维方式来考虑，

都非常符合中国学生的习惯。显然，掌握英汉两种语言和文化之间的相同和相异之处，对于

准确解题至关重要。学生解题失误之一是按汉语的表达方式和结构去套英语，去选答案，这

属于语言知识的“负迁移”。

—Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?

— ________.

A．I don't believe B．I don't believe it

C．I believe not so D．I believe not

以 Do you think...? 这样的句子来提问，用 D 项来回答表示否定，显然不符合中文的表达

习惯，这也正是许多学生选了 A、B、C 项的原因。违背英语国家的思维方式和文化习俗，

这属于文化方面的“负迁移”。此类例子有：

(1)—I'd like to invite you to dinner tomorrow.

—Oh，no.That'll be too much trouble.

(正确答话为：I'm very sorry，but...)

(2)—Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me.

—Please don't say so.

(正确答话：I'm glad you like it.)

(3)—Hi，I haven't seen you for ages！You look fine!

—Oh，no.

(正确答话为：Thanks.You look well，too)．

3．忌直接回绝

这主要是指在对方要求得到帮助，提出请求或邀请时，回答过于直接，不够委婉，尽管

从语义角度分析是没毛病的，但不符合英语国家的交际习惯。“请求”方面的问话有 May

I．..？/Can I．..？/I wonder if I could.../Do you mind if I．..？等，“邀请”方面的问话有 Will you...？

/Would you like to...？/I'd like to invite to...等。在作否定回答时，为了表示礼貌和委婉，通常

要用一些委婉词，如 but，I'm afraid，I'm sorry，thanks，please，had better 等。

—I didn't know this was a one-way street，officer.

— ________

A．That's all right. B．I don't believe you.

C．How dare you say that? D．Sorry，but that's no excuse.

许多考生可能选了 B、C 项，这是没有注意到西方人生活、工作中交往的必要礼节，答

话时过于生硬，没有顾及他人感情，而正确答案 D 项正是在充分考虑到说话双方的身份，彼

此之间的关系以及说话人的立场和态度的基础上做出的选择。

4．忌答非所问

应该说答非所问的错误比较容易察觉，如果问话与答话的内容风马牛不相及的话，学生

可以迅速排除。但有时双方会话内容有所关联，但仔细推敲发现其实答语并不切题。

最典型的例子是 With pleasure 和 It's a pleasure。前者一般在事前回答，表示“非常愿意”。

后者一般在事后回答，表示“不用客气”。

例题解析

一、道歉与应答

道歉的情景在日常生活中极为常见，可用于迟到、弄坏东西等一系列做错事的情景中，

近 5 年中只有 2021 年对此进行了考查，且考查了 2 题。

(2021·广东卷)

( )M：Sorry，I'm late, Mrs Smith.

W: __________.

A．That's all right B．You are welcome

C．Oh, come on D．Oh, dear

【答案】 A

【解析】 本题考查情景交际——道歉与应答。难度 0.34，属中等偏难题。正确选项 A

有 34.15%的考生选对。根据男士所说的“对不起，我迟到了”可知，下一句是对道歉的应答。

A 项意为“没关系”，符合题意，故选 A。干扰项 B 意为“不用谢”，有 16.4%的考生误选；

干扰项 C 意为“快点；算了吧”，有 35.21%的考生误选；干扰项 D 意为“天啊”，有 13.92%

的考生误选。

( )W：Hi，Tom！I called you yesterday morning，but no one answered the phone.

M: ________.

A．Never mind B．Don't worry

C．I'm sorry D．Take it easy

【答案】 C

【解析】 本题考查情景交际——道歉与应答。难度 0.71，属简单题。正确选项 C 有 8.69%

的考生选对。根据女士所说的“嗨，汤姆！昨天早上我给你打电话，但是没人接”可知，男

士应该对此情况进行道歉。C 项意为“对不起”，符合题意，故选 C。干扰项 A 意为“没关

系”，有 70.81%的考生误选；干扰项 B 意为“别担心”，有 14.03%的考生误选；干扰项 D

意为“放轻松”，有 6.37%的考生误选。

二、请求与应答

近 5 年有 3 年对请求与应答进行了考查，学生要对此话题进行重点掌握。

(2021·广东卷)

( )M：Hi, Susan, can you show me the photos?

W: ________.Here you are.

A．Sure B．Thanks

C．That's it D．Go ahead

【答案】 A

【解析】 本题考查情景交际——请求与应答。难度 0.75，属简单题。正确选项 A 有 9.01%

的考生选对。根据男士所说的“嗨，苏珊，你能给我看看照片吗？”和女士回答的后一句“给

你”可知，此处是同意给男士看照片。A 项意为“当然”，符合题意，故选 A。干扰项 B 意

为“谢谢”，有 74.90%的考生误选；干扰项 C 意为“就是这样”，有 10.41%的考生误选；

干扰项 D 意为“继续”，有 5.62%的考生误选。

三、打电话

在遇见该考点时要注意英语中打电话的特别用语，识别出该场景是否是打电话，然后进

行答题。该考点 5 年内仅考查过 1 次。

(2021·广东卷)

( )W：Hello，may I speak to Bob?

M: ________.

A．Yes，you are right B．Yes，Bob speaking

C．Yes，I'm fine D．Yes, he is Bob

【答案】 B

【解析】 本题考查情景交际—打电话。难度 0.60，属中等题。正确选项 B 有 18.33%

的考生选对。问句意为“你好，我可以和鲍勃通话吗”，根据问句可知，此处考查电话用语。

B 项是电话用语，意为“可以，我是鲍勃”，符合题意，故选 B。干扰项 A 意为“是的，你

是对的”，有 12.38%的考生误选；干扰项 C 意为“是的，我很好”，有 9.38%的考生误选；

干扰项 D 意为“是的，他是鲍勃”，有 59.83%的考生误选。

四、购物

购物的场景在日常生活中也十分常见，遇见该考点时要选取符合说话者身份特点的话语。

该考点 5 年内仅考查过 1 次。

(2021·广东卷)

( )M: ________，Madam?

W: I'd like to buy a skirt.

A．What can I do for you B．How are you

C．What's the matter D．What happened

【解析】 A

【解析】 本题考查情景交际——购物。难度 0.60，属中等题。正确选项 A 有 17.78%

的考生选对。答句句意为“我想买条裙子”，根据答句句意可知，此处是购物的情景。A 项

意为“有什么可以帮您的吗”，符合题意，故选 A。干扰项 B 意为“给你”，有 9.40%的考

生误选；干扰项 C 意为“怎么了”，有 60.45%的考生误选；干扰项 D 意为“发生什么事”，

有 12.26%的考生误选。

知识清单

一、交际用语中容易混淆的词语

1

It's a/my pleasure.

“这是我的荣幸/不客气”，用于别人对你表示感

谢时的回答。(＝My pleasure.)

With pleasure.

“我很乐意(帮你)”。表示同意对方的请求，并且

自己将付出行动。

2

Help yourself.

“自便！/自己来吧”。表示同意对方的请求，让

对方行动。

Yes，please. “请！”表示允许对方做请求之事。

Go ahead. “请……”。表示同意并鼓励对方去做请求之事。

Go on. “继续(在进行做或谈论的事)! ”

Come on！ “来！ ”——鼓励对方来参与某事。

Hurry up. “赶紧；快点！”——催促对方快点行动。

3

Good luck.

“祝你好运”，是当对方参加某项活动，如考试、

比赛等时，向对方表示的祝福语。

Congratulations！

当对方做某事取得了成功或结婚、生子、晋升等

时候的用语。

Have fun！ “玩得开心点！”表示允许对方去“吃喝玩乐”。

Best wishes，

一般用于信的结尾处表示对对方的祝愿。

(注：当对方出外旅行时常说 Good/Nice trip to you！

“祝你旅途愉快”)

4

What's (going) on？

“怎么了？ 这里发生什么事了？”/“有什么节

目？上演什么电影？” (询问情况)。

What's for？

表目的和用途，一般翻译成 “为了什么？ 用来

做什么；干嘛？”

why：表原因，一般都要用 because 来回答。

What's up？

“怎么了？”“有什么事吗？” What's up？口语

中使用广泛，如有人叫住你或登门访问，而你不

明白对方的来意时就可以说“What's up？” (有

什么事？有何贵干？) 年轻人也常用“What's

up？”来打招呼。比如，Olli 碰到一个朋友说

“Hey，Olli！”Olli 则回答“Hi! Jason，What's

up？”表示“你最近怎么样啊/有什么事吗？”

What if...

“＝What will or would happen if...？如果(假

如)……将会怎么样？”

So what？

“那又怎么样的？” (表示出“无所谓”的样

子)

What is ...like？

“情况怎样”，多指天气或气候。”/ “像什么样，

什么模样，怎样的” 指人或事物。”

How is ...like？

就某人、某地和某物的外观询问对方的看法，可

以用来询问变化的事物，如暂时的情况，情绪等，

还常用来问候别人的健康。

What...look like？ “……外表如何？” (问外表长相)

Of what？ “怎么啦？怎么回事？”

How come？

“怎么回事？怎么搞的？为什么？怎么会这

样？”通常用在你觉得奇怪而问为什么的时候。

当你不愿回答别人的某个问题时也可说“How

come？”意思是“Why do you ask that? It's none of

your business”。

Why not？

“干吗不？/为什么不呢？”，表示同意对方的建

议。

(注：Good idea：用于赞同别人的计划或主意。)

What is it about? 这是关于什么的？ (问内容)

5

Never mind.

“没有关系，不要记在心上” 。用于应答歉意。

但用 Never mind.作答时有时可表达说话人多少有

点不高兴或无可奈何的意味。

Not at all.

1.用于回答感谢，意为“不用谢；不客气”。

2．用于回答带有感谢性质的客套话。意为“没什

么；哪里哪里”。如：

A：You are very kind.你真好。 B：Not at all.没什

么。

3．用于回答道歉，意为“没关系”。

4．用来表示否定(是 No 的加强说法)，意为“一点

也不：完全不”。如：

A：Are you busy? 你忙吗？ B：Not at all.一点

不忙。

Forget it！

1.“不必在意”“算了吧，忘了吧” 用来接受别

人做错事的道歉。

2．“算了吧，想都别想。” 用来拒绝对方你认

为不合理的请求、建议等。

6

All right.

用于赞同对方的意见、建议或邀请，译为“好”、

“行”，“可以”。

也可用于对别人的安慰，表示“没关系”、“不

要紧”等意思。

That's all right.

1.对别人致谢的回答，“不用谢；别客气”。＝

That's OK./ Not at all./ You're welcome 等。

2．对别人致歉时的回答，“没关系；不介意”，

＝It doesn't matter.或 Never mind.

3．在海关、哨卡等场所，检验人员对出入人员的

证件和包裹检查后，发现无可疑情况，常说 That's

all right，其含义是“可以；没有问题”。

That's right.

“正确；对”，用于表示对某一事物的肯定，即

同意对方的观点或意见。在口语中，可直接用 right

作答。

Take it easy.

“慢点、放松些、沉住气，别紧张，慢慢来．”

表示安慰对方“不要过度紧张”。

Take your time.

“别着急，慢慢来”，表示允许对方“慢慢做，

不用着急啊”。

7

It's up to you. “你拿主意！ 你决定！ 你说了算！”

It (all) depends. “这要看情况而定”。

8

Bad luck！ “真倒霉！真不走运！”用来同情或安慰对方。

What a pity！

“真遗憾！多可惜！”用来感慨“伤心遗憾的往

事，或面对眼前可望而不可及的事情”。

I'm sorry to hear that.

“听到这消息，我很难过。”用来同情或安慰对

方说话者。

Really？/Is that so？

“真的吗？ 是吗？” 只是用来表示惊奇的情感

色彩，并无安慰对方的意思。

9

Thank you.

感谢可用于得到别人的帮助、受到别人的赞赏、

接受别人的礼物和祝愿以及谢绝别人的好意等多

种场合。

I'm glad you like it.

用来回答 “送礼后对方表示的感谢，或吃饭后客

人表示的感谢。”

I'm glad to hear that.

“听到这消息我很高兴。”用来向对方谈到的喜

事表示祝贺。

10

Do you really mean it？

“此话当

真？”

I can't believe it. “难以置信”

I believe not.

“我相信不是

/不会……”

Believe it or

not.

“信不信由

你”

11 Of course not.

“当然

不……”

I would rather

not

“我宁愿

不……”

12

That's something.

“太好了，太棒了”，表“当你的朋友在某方面

取得成功或成就时，向他表祝贺”

That's the case.

“情况就是这样”相当于 Exactly： “正是如

此”

13

Mind your own business！ “别管闲事！” (用来警告对方)

It's none of your business. “不关你事！”

14 I'm easy. “随便！”

15 Don't mention it.

用来回答感谢和道歉：—Thank you very

much.—Don't mention it.别客气。

—I'm sorry to have troubled you.— Don't mention it.

没关系．(＝Think nothing of it.)

二、各种交际语言归纳

基本话题 常用句型

交际

功能

打电话

May/Could I speak to ...?

请问是……吗？

This is ...speaking.

我是……

Who's that speaking?

请问你是谁？

She isn't here right now.Can I take a message?

她不在。需要我给她传个口信吗？

You must have the wrong number.

你一定是弄错号码了。

Hold on, please.

请稍等。

订房

What can I do for you?

能为您效劳吗？

May I help you?

我可以帮助你吗？

Can I help you?

我能帮你吗？

I'd like to check in.

我想办理入住手续。

I'd like to check out.

我想办理退房手续。

Would you like a single room or a double room?

请问你想要单人房还是双人房？

交际

功能

订餐

What would you like to have?

请问想吃点什么？

Can I take your order？/Would you like to order now?

请问现在要点菜吗？

Would you like something to drink?

请问要喝点什么？

I'm not ready to order yet.

暂时还不点。

I'd like the vegetable soup to start with.

我想先喝点蔬菜汤。

Would you like some more...?

还多要点……吗？

We'd like a table for two.

我们想要两个人的位子。

购物

What can I do for you?

有什么能帮到你？/想买点什么？

May/Can I help you?

我能帮你吗？

How many/much do you want?

你想要买多少？

I'm looking for some...

我想买点……

How much is it？/How much does it cost？/What's the price of it?

多少钱？/这个值多少钱？/它的价格是多少？

That's fine.I'll take it.

很好，我就买这个了。

问候

Haven't seen you for a long time/for ages.

好久不见了。

How are you doing?

你好吗？

How's everything going(with you)?

你一切都好吗？

How are you getting on?

你近来好吗？

Please remember me to...

请代我向……问好。

基本话题 常用句型

交际

功能

请求

与

应答

Would you please give me a hand?

请你帮我个忙好吗？

Would you mind giving me a hand?

你介意帮我一下吗？

Do you mind if I ask you for a favor?

我可以请您帮个忙吗？

I'm sorry to bother you, but can you help me?

对不起，能帮我一下吗？

With pleasure.

没问题。

Shall I take the book with me?

我可以带走这本书吗？

May I ask you a question?

我可以问你一个问题吗？

What about sending me a copy after the meeting?

会后给我发一份好吗？

Let's start our meeting.

我们开始会议吧。

表示接受、拒绝应答的常用句型有：

Sure./Certainly./Go ahead.

当然。/当然可以。/去吧。(表示鼓励某人做某事)

I am sorry.

我很抱歉。

I am afraid not.

我恐怕不行。

You had better not.

你最好不要。

It's a good idea.But...

这是个好主意。但是……

问路

Excuse me.Can you tell me the way to...?

劳驾。能告诉我去……的路吗？

Could you tell me how I can get to...?

你能告诉我怎么去……吗？

Would you please tell me where the...?

你能告诉我……在哪里吗？

Excuse me，where is the nearest post office?

劳驾，能告诉我最近的邮局在哪吗？

How can I get to...?

我怎样才能到达……

基本话题 常用句型

交际

功能

邀请

We'd like to invite you to my party.

我们想邀请你来参加聚会。

Why not join us?

为什么不加入我们的行列中来呢？

Would you like to go with us?

你愿意和我们一起去吗？

Do you want to see a movie with us?

你想和我们一起去看电影吗？

What/How about joining us?

和我们一起怎么样？

感谢与

应答

Thank you very much for helping me with...

非常感谢你在……方面对我的帮助。

Thanks for your help.

谢谢你的帮助。

It's very kind of you to...

你真是太好了……

You are welcome.

不用谢。

My pleasure./It's my pleasure./That's all right./Not at all.

不用谢。

Don't mention it.

别提了，没关系，别客气。

Thank you for inviting me for dinner.

感谢你邀请我共进晚餐。

介绍

This is Mr./Miss.

这是……先生/女士。

How do you do?

(初次见面)您好！

Glad/Nice to see/meet you.

见到你很高兴。

I am a student.My major is Business English.

我是学生。我的专业是商务英语。

基本话题 常用句型

交际

功能

婉拒

I'd like/love to, but...

我很愿意，但是……

I'm afraid I can't.../I am afraid not...

恐怕我不能……/我恐怕不……

I'm sorry I can't...

对不起，我不能……

That's very kind of you, but...

非常感谢，可是……

I wish I could, but I have an appointment on Saturday.

我真希望能去，但是我周六和别人约好了。

You had better not.

你最好不要。

It's a good idea.But...

这是个好主意，但是……

遗憾与

同情

I feel sorry for...

对于……感到很遗憾。

I'm sorry to hear that.

很遗憾听到这件事。

What a pity!

真遗憾！

It's a great pity!

太遗憾了！

That's too bad.

太糟了。

What a shame!

真遗憾！

询问与

应答

Do you know...?

你知道……吗？

What is it about?

那是关于哪方面的？

What do you want?

你想要什么？

Where are you going?

你要去哪？

What does he look like?

他长什么样？

What do you think of the film？/How do you like the film？/How do you

find the film?

你觉得那部电影怎么样？

基本话题 常用句型

交际

功能

祝愿与

应答

Have a good time/trip/journey.

祝你玩得开心/旅行愉快。

Congratulations!

祝贺你/恭喜你！

Happy birthday to you!

祝你生日快乐！

Happy New Year/Merry Christmas!

新年快乐/圣诞快乐！

The same to you.

祝你快乐(你也一样)。

Well done!

干得漂亮！

Good luck.

祝你好运。

Best wishes to you.

把最好的祝愿送给你。

Wish you success/good health!

祝你成功/健康！

Congratulate you on...!

祝贺你……

Thank you.

谢谢。

The same to you!

同乐！

道歉与

应答

Sorry./I am sorry.对不起。

I beg your pardon.麻烦再说一遍好吗？

I'm sorry for doing/that...

我很抱歉……

I am sorry to tell you the news that...

我很抱歉告诉你这个消息……

It's/That's all right/OK.没关系。

Never mind.

不介意/没关系。

It doesn't matter.

没关系/没什么大不了的。

Forget it.没事。

基本话题 常用句型

交际

功能

赞同与

反对

I agree with/approve/go along with...

我同意……

I think so.

我也这么想。

I think it's a good idea.

我觉得那是一个好主意。

I don't agree.

我不这样认为。

I don't agree with you.

我不同意你的看法。

That's impossible.

那不可能。

That's out of the question.

那根本不可能。

We strongly oppose to...

我强烈反对……

It won't work.

恐怕行不通。

赞美与

应答

I'm glad/pleased/happy to hear that.

听到这个消息我很高兴。

That's nice/wonderful/great.

太好了。

Good.很好。

Well done.做得好。

Good job.干得不错。

You are so pretty today.

你今天真漂亮。

You are a good cook.The food is delicious.

你是个优秀的厨师，食物十分美味。

Thanks.谢谢。

It's very nice of you to say so.

你这么说真是太好了。

课堂小练

(时间：40 分钟 分值：60 分)

1．M：Excuse me，could I use this bike?

W: ________.It's a spare one.

A．Good idea B．Just go ahead

C．You're welcome D．You'd better not

答案：B

解析：本题考查情景交际——征求意见与应答，问句“我可以用这辆单车吗”，A 项表

示“好主意”；C 表示“不客气”；D 表示“你最好不要”，答语的前后逻辑不相符；根据

“It's a spare one.这是一辆备用车”得知说话人同意借车。故选 B。

2．M：How's everything going?

W：Fine，thanks.How are you doing?

M: ________.

A．I'm 16 now B．Yes，it is good

C．See you then D．Oh，pretty good

答案：D

解析：本题考查情景交际——问候与回答。How's everything goong? 和 How are you

doing？都属于日常问好的礼貌用语，意为“你最近怎么样”。D 项是常用答语，Pretty good.

挺好的。故选 D。

3．M：I fell off my bike and hurt my leg just now.

W: ________.

A．Yes，it's cold here B．That's great

C．No，it's not cold today D．I'm sorry to hear that

答案：D

解析：本题考查情景交际——情感表达。当听到别人不好的消息时，如生病了，受伤了，

死亡了等往往都用“ I'm sorry to hear that，”来回应。故选 D。

4．W：How do you like your coffee?

M: ________.

A．I like it very much B．It tastes a bit bitter

C．Two cups，please D．I like it black

答案：B

解析：本题考查情景交际——征求意见与回答。“How do you like...？”是英语口语中的

一个常用句式。用来询问对方的观点或看法，意为“你觉得……怎么样？”B 项“喝起来有

点苦。”故选 B。

5．M：How about having a picnie with us tomorrow?

W: ________.

A．I don't want to B．It's impossible

C．Thank you all the same D．I'd love to，but I have a lot of homework to do

答案：D

解析：本题考查交际用语—邀请与回答。上句提议“明天和我们一起去野炊好吗？”回

答时语气不能生硬，要委婉，而且要说明理由。D 前表示“我想去，但是我也有很多作业要

做”。故选 D。

6．W: ________ in Australia now?

M：Hmm，it's summer there and a little windy.

A．How is the weather B．What is the weather

C．What about the weather D．How about the weather

答案：A

解析：本题考在交际用语——谈论天气。询问天气怎么样用 How's the weather 或 What's

the weather like。

7．W：Would you mind feeding the dog at noon?

M: ________.

A．Have fun B．No，not at all

C．No way D．You're welcome

答案：B

解析：本题考查交际用语——请求与回答。由上句“你介意中午帮忙喂一下这只狗吗？”

可判断 B 项“不，不介意”是唯一符合题意与语境的答案，故选 B。

8．M：This is Mike speaking.May I speak to Lucy?

W：She isn't in at this moment.________.

A．I'll find her. B．Hold on，please.

C．May I take a message? D．Please don't speak to her.

答案：C

解析：本题考查交际用语——电话用语。根据答语的 She isn't in at this moment.可知 M 在

电话中寻找的 Lucy 不在电话旁，所以 C 项 May I take a mesage 提出了替对方捎个口信的建

议，符合题意与语境，故选 C。

9．W：Could you please help me to carry these books to the office?

M: ________.

A．You are my friend B．With pleasure

C．You do it yourself D．I could

答案：B

解析：本题考查交际用语——请求与回答。本题前句意为“你能帮我把这此书搬到办公

室吗？”With pleasure 主要用于愉快地答应对方的请求或邀请，意为“好的。没问题，十分

愿意。”故选 B。

10．W：How long are you staying?

M：I don't know. ________.

A．That's OK B．Never mind

C．It depends D．It doesn't matter

答案：C

解析：本题考查交际用语——询问与回答。上句问“你会待多长时间？”C 项“It depends”

表示“要看情况”，符合题意与语境，故选 C。

[我之得失] _____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

第 2 节 词汇与语法

广东真题

(2021·广东卷)

A)从 A、B、C、D 中选出句子画线的单词或词组的意义。

1．They lived in a big crowded city.

A．开放的 B．现代的

C．脏乱的 D．拥挤的

2．When he was twenty-five，John bought a house and got_married.

A．居住 B．搬家

C．庆祝 D．结婚

3．When Molly was eight years old，Helen came to live in the house opposite to hers.

A．在……的前面 B．在……的后面

C．在……的对面 D．在……的下面

4．Mrs.Green traveled a lot and she wasn't afraid_of taking a plane.

A．害怕 B．喜欢

C．欣赏 D．盼望

5．It is interesting that a small child can sing a song without understanding its meaning fully.

A．部分地 B．悄悄地

C．完全地 D．仓促地

6．How did it come_about that the car fell into the river?

A．发生 B．出来

C．失败 D．到达

7．Nobody could persuade her to change her mind.

A．强迫 B．说服

C．帮助 D．阻止

8．A red light is a signal of danger.

A．景象 B．图案

C．信号 D．签名

9．The First World War broke_out in 1914.

A．爆发 B．结束

C．升级 D．失败

10．There seems to be no solution to the problem.

A．最终结论 B．解决办法

C．不明原因 D．发展过程

B)从 A、B、C、D 中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

11．John is __________ holiday in France.

A．in B．at

C．on D．with

12．I asked two people the way to the station but ________ of them knew.

A．either B．neither

C．both D．none

13．I had a banana and an apple，and I gave __________ banana to Mary.

A．a B．an

C．the D．/

14．Let's do it right now, __________？

A．will you B．don't we

C．don't you D．shall we

15．I haven't seen her for ____________.

A．such long time B．such a long time

C．so long time D．so a long time

16．This question is ____________ my ability.

A．beyond B．in

C．beside D．with

17．It's time for him __________ home.

A．goes B．will go

C．going D．to go

18．He __________ in London since he was a child.

A．lives B．lived

C．has lived D．was living

19．Peter couldn't come to the party, __________ disappointed us.

A．that B．who

C．what D．which

20．The baby __________ after his father.

A．is naming B．was named

C．was naming D．has named

答案：

1．【答案】 D

【解析】 句意：他们居住在一座拥挤的大城市里。

2．【答案】 D

【解析】 句意：约翰 25 岁时买了一栋房子，结了婚。

3．【答案】 C

【解析】 句意：莫莉八岁时，海伦搬到了她家对面的房子里居住。

4．【答案】 A

【解析】 句意：格林女士经常旅行，她不害怕乘坐飞机。

5．【答案】 C

【解析】 句意：有趣的是，小孩子可以在不完全理解歌曲含义的情况下唱一首歌。

6．【答案】 A

【解析】 句意：汽车掉进河里是怎么发生的？

7．【答案】 B

【解析】 句意：没有人能够说服她改变她的想法。

8．【答案】 C

【解析】 句意：红灯是危险的信号。

9．【答案】 A

【解析】 句意：第一次世界大战于 1914 年爆发。

10．【答案】 B

【解析】 句意：对于这个问题，似乎没有解决办法。

11．【答案】 C

【解析】 考查介词。句意为：“约翰正在法国度假。”on holiday 为固定搭配，意为“正

在度假中”，符合语境。故选 C。

12．【答案】 B

【解析】 考查代词。句意为：“我问了两个人去车站的路，但没有一个人知道。”either

表示“两者中的任何一个；neither 表示“两者都不”；both 表示“两者都”；none 表示“三

者以上都不”。根据关键词 but 可知，前后语意为转折关系，空格处表达的应为“两个人都

不知道”。故选 B。

13．【答案】 C

【解析】 考查冠词。句意为：“我有一个香蕉和一个苹果，我把香蕉给玛丽了。”不

定冠词 a/an 表示泛指，定冠词 the 表示特指。根据语境可知，此处特指前面出现过的香蕉。

故选 C。

14．【答案】 D

【解析】 考查反意疑问句。句意为：“让我们现在做吧，好吗？”Let 引导的祈使句

的反意疑问句的形式为两种。“Let's...”的反问形式为“Shall we？”“Let us...”的反问形式为

“Will you？”。故选 D。

15．【答案】 B

【解析】 考查 so 和 such 的用法。句意为：“我如此长的时间没有见过她。”such＋a/an

＋adj.＋可数名词单数＝so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数。故选 B。

16．【答案】 A