第 1 节 名词

思维导图

广东真题

一、词汇

1．(2020·广东卷)There was a large advertisement for the concert.(适中)

A．照片 B．彩排

C．展览 D．广告

2 ． (2020·广东卷 )According to the contract,_the project should have been finished

yesterday.(适中)

A．合同 B．裁决

C．要求 D．规定

3．(2020·广东卷)Bananas are sold by weight.(基础)

A．数量 B．等级

C．重量 D．体积

答案：1.D 2.A 3.C

二、语法

(2012·广东卷)Take my ________ young man, and don't drive so fast.(基础)

A．advice B．notice

C．chance D．rest

答案：A

三、语法填空

1．(2017·广东卷)He saw a trainer nearby and asked why these animals(animal) just stood

there and made no attempt to get away.(基础)

2．(2017·广东卷)Failure is part of learning(learn)．(适中)

3．(2018·广东卷)so he started to give her a lecture on the importance(important) of always

remaining calm.(偏难)

4．(2019·广东卷)What is the name of the cleaner(clean) in this building？(偏难)

5．(2019·广东卷)I had seen the woman several times(time)．(基础)

6．(2020·广东卷) Luckily，things are changing for the better due to wide use of Cardio－Pad,

an invention(invent) by Mr.Puluet.(偏难)

7．(2020·广东卷)His design is a great success(succeed)．The Cardio－Pad is now being used

in five African countries.(偏难)

8．(2021·广东卷)Do you remember all your dreams(dream)about things you want to come

true, Daria？(基础)

考点透析

一、名词的数

1．名词的单、复数形式

(1)规则变化

种类 变化 例词

一般情况 词尾加－s book→books, pen→pens

以－s，－x，－ch，

－sh 结尾

词尾加－es

bus→buses，bench→benches，

box→boxes，dish→dishes，

但 stomach 例外，其后直接加－s

以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变 y 为 i 再加－es family→families，city→cities

以“元音字母＋y”结尾 词尾加－s key→keys，boy→boys

以－f 或－fe 结尾

多数变 f 或 fe

为 v 再加－es

leaf→leaves，life→lives,

knife→knives

少数词尾加－s chief→chiefs, roof→roofs,

belief→beliefs

以字母－o 结尾

词尾加－es

hero→heroes, potato→potatoes，

tomato→tomatoes

词尾加－s

photo→photos, kilo→kilos,

piano→pianos

以－sis 结尾的外来词 变 sis 为 ses

basis→bases, analysis→analyses,

crisis→crises

, (2)不规则变化

种类 例词

单复数同形

deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, aircraft, means, series,

species, headquarters，works, head(量词)

单数形式复数意义 people, police, cattle

以 s 结尾的单数名词 news, physics, politics

合成词变复数(主体名词变

复数；无主体名词时词尾

变复数)

passer-by→passers-by，son-in-law→sons-in-law,

looker-on→lookers-on，

go-between→go-betweens, grown-up→grown－ups

词形变化

man→men，child→children，tooth→teeth, foot→feet,

mouse→mice, medium→media, bacterium→bacteria

二、名词的格

所有格表示所有关系，修饰另一名词，作定语。它有三种形式：-'s 所有格，of 所有格和

双重所有格。

1．-'s 所有格：-'s 所有格的构成规则

构成 例子

单数名词词尾通常加-'s；复数名词词尾没有-s

时，也要加-'s

the boy's schoolbag 那个男孩的书包；the

children's toys 那些孩子的玩具

以-s 结尾的复数名词后直接加“'” teachers' office 教师们的办公室

以-s 结尾的单数名词或专有名词之后加“'”或

-'s 均可

my boss's/boss' plan 我老板的计划；

James'/James's eyes 詹姆斯的眼睛

合成词一般是在最后一个词的后面加-'s my brother-in-law's birthday 我姐夫的生日

表示时间、距离、重量、地方等无生命的事

物的名词也可以借助-'s 表示所有关系

a week's holiday 一周的假；thirty minutes'

ride 三十分钟的车程

作为一个整体的词组一般在最后一个词的词

尾加-'s

an hour and a half's walk 步行一个半小时的

路程

不定代词后接 else 时，-'s 加在 else 之后 somebody else's bag 别人的包

2.of 所有格

用法 例子

对于无生命的事物而言，通常用 of 所有

格表示所属关系

the window of the room 房间的窗户

表示主谓关系用 of 所有格 the arrival of the visitors 参观者的到来

表示同位关系用 of 所有格 the city of Beijing 北京市

表示部分与整体的关系用 of 所有格

part of the problem 部分问题；the majority of

people 大多数人

表示内容用 of 所有格

the cost of living生活成本；the news of success

捷报

当表示拥有者的名词由短语或从句修

饰以及“the＋形容词”构成所有格时

要借助 of

the housing problem of the poor 穷人的住房问

题；the advice of the old man who had

experienced a lot 这位饱经沧桑的老人的建议

3.双重所有格：双重所有格的构成为：“名词＋of＋名词-'s”或“名词＋of＋名词性物主

代词”，主要用法如下：

用法 例子

表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”，可用

a，any, some, a few, two 等修饰 of 短语前面的

名词，但不能用 the

another house of John's 约翰的另一所房

子

被双重所有格修饰的名词前有 this, that, these,

those 等指示代词修饰时，通常带有一定的感

情色彩，如赞赏、不满、厌恶等

That dog of Tom's is really clever.汤姆的

那只狗真聪明。

例题解析

1．(2021·广东卷)A red light is a signal of danger.

A．景象 B．图案

C．信号 D．签名

【答案】 C

【解析】 句意：红灯是危险的信号。

2．(2021·广东卷)There seems to be no solution to the problem.

A．最终结论 B．解决办法

C．不明原因 D．发展过程

【答案】 B

【解析】 句意：对于这个问题，似乎没有解决办法。

3．Mrs.Green is ________mother.

A．Mary and Kate B．Mary's and Kate's

C．Mary's and Kate D．Mary and Kate's

【答案】 D

【解析】 此题旨在考查名词所有格的用法。如果表示某物为两人(或两人以上)共有，

则只需要在后一个名词词尾加“－'s”。如果不是共有，则要在每个名词后都加“－'s”。

课堂小练

(时间：40 分钟 分值：60 分)

一、选择题

1．Which is the ________ to the bus stop, please?

A．road B．way

C．street D．address

答案：B

2. ________ that pair of new ________ Mary's?

A．Is；shoe B．Are；shoe

C．Is；shoes D．Are；shoes

答案：C

3．I'm very thirsty.May I have ________， please?

A．two cups of teas B．two cups of tea

C．two cup of teas D．two cup of tea

答案：B

4．March 8 is ________ Day.

A．Woman's B．Womans'

C．Woman of D．Women's

答案：D

5．There are ________ workers in the factory.

A．thousand B．thousands

C．thousand of D．thousands of

答案：D

6．Wu Dong won the girls' ________ race in the school sports meeting last week.

A．100 metres B．100－metres

C．100 metre D．100－metre

答案：D

7．Lucy tried her best to find a good job in the city, but she had no ________.

A．trouble B．idea

C．luck D．time

答案：C

8．Where are the students? They are in ________.

A．the Room 8 B．Room 8

C．the 8 Room D．8 Room

答案：B

9．What's your ________ for being late again?

A．idea B．key

C．excuse D．news

答案：C

10．—I feel tired.I have so much work to do and don't have much time for myself.

—You should take ________， I think.

A．health B．exercise

C．lesson D．time

答案：B

11．Can you see a little ________ in the picture?

A．sheep B．dogs

C．pigs D．horses

答案：A

12．The sign “BUSINESS HOURS” can be seen in a ________.

A．shop B．school

C．park D．museum

答案：A

13．A group of ________ are talking with two ________.

A．Frenchmen；Germans B．German；Frenchmen

C．Frenchmans；Germen D．Germans；Frenchmans

答案：A

14．—Please help me move the table in.

—But there is not enough ________ for it.

A．place B．floor

C．room D．ground

答案：C

15．Look, these ________ eating grass on the hill.

A．sheep is B．sheeps is

C．sheep are D．sheeps are

答案：C

16．May 1st is ________ Day.

A．the Work People's B．the Working people

C．the Working People's D．the Worker's

答案：C

17．Here come three ________.

A．woman teacher B．women teacher

C．woman teachers D．women teachers

答案：D

18. ________ turn green in spring.

A．Leaf B．Leaves

C．Leave D．Leafs

答案：B

二、写出下列名词的复数形式

1．watch watches 2.tooth teeth 3.German Germans 4.brush brushes

5．box boxes 6.knife knives 7.story stroies 8.sheep sheep

9．child children 10.Japanese Japanese 11.zero zeros 12.mouth months

13．foot feet 14.tomato tomatoes 15.American Americans 16.mandoctor mendoctors

三、用所给名词的适当形式填空

1．Look! There are a lot of leaves (leaf) on the ground.

2．There are a few people (people) in the room.

3．I want two glasses (glass) of milk (milk)．

4．I have a lot of money (money) in my pocket.

5．People wear shoes on their feet (foot)．

6．The women (woman) teachers are playing basketball.

7．There are some dumplings (dumpling) on the plate.

8．Tom is at the doctor's (doctor)．

9．Can you tell us the differences between buildings and houses (house)．

10．The first room is the teacher's (teacher) office.

11．Those children (child) are playing football outside.

12．The doctor has saved a lot of lives (life)．

13．There are five pear (pear) trees in the yard.

14．This isn't my book, but my brother's (brother)．

15．There are some sheep (sheep) in the field.

四、将下列短语译成英语

1．露茜的妈妈 Lucy's_mother

2．今天的报纸 today's_newspaper

3．长城 the_Great_Wall

4．宇宙的知识 knowledge_of_the_universe

5．世界地图 a_map_of_the_world

6．一块面包 a_piece_of_bread

7．四年级三班 Class_Three_Grade_Four

8．生日礼物 birthday_present

9．儿童读物 children's_book

10．中国的首都 the_capital_of_China

11．世界人口 the_world's_population

12．三箱苹果 three_boxes_of_apples

13．吉姆的一张照片 a_photo_of_Jim's

14．成千上万棵树 thousands_of_trees

15．星期天的早晨 Sunday_morning

16．步行二十分钟的路程 twenty_minutes'_walk

17．一张教室的图画 a_picture_of_a_classroom

18．一年中最热的季节 the_hottest_season_of_a_year

19．两杯牛奶 two_glasses_of_milk

20．2023 年的春天 in_the_spring_of_2023

[ 我之得失 ]

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第 2 节 冠词

思维导图

广东真题

一、语法

1．(2012·广东卷) ________ teacher must love his students.(基础)

A．An B．The

C．A D．/

2．(2013·广东卷)George is ________ honest man.(基础)

A．an B．/

C．the D．a

3．(2020·广东卷)That is ________classroom where we had lessons last year.(偏难)

A．a B．the

C．an D．/

4．(2021·广东卷)I had a banana and an apple, and I gave ________banana to Mary.(基础)

A．a B．an.

C．/ D．the

答案：1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D

二、语法填空

1．(2017·广东卷)“Well，” a trainer said...(基础)

2．(2018·广东卷)．..it had been a bee！(基础)

3．(2019·广东卷)“During my second month of nursing school, Professor Smith gave us a

test...”Absolutely, said the professor.(基础)

4．(2020·广东卷) The doctor said that village patients chose to make expensive and dangerous

journeys to the city hospitals.(基础)

5．(2021·广东卷)Girls, people like Dr.King have made this country a fairer place.(适中)

考点透析

一、不定冠词的主要用法

形式 用法 例句

a/an＋可数名词单数

表示数量“一” A thousand people were there.

泛指任意一个人或事

物

A girl is waiting for you at the

school gate.

表示一类人或事物 A dog is a faithful animal.

a/an＋表示人名的专有

名词

表示“一个叫……的

人”或“……式的人

物”

I want to be a Xu Beihong when I

grow up.

a/an＋修饰语＋表示季

节、月份、日期、星期、

三餐等的名词

泛指某个不确定的时

间、“一顿……的饭”

等

I had a big lunch yesterday.

a/an＋序数词 表示“另一，又一”

You can try a second time if you

fail.

a/an＋单位名词(重量、

长度、时间等)

表示“每一……”

Most workers get paid once a

month.

a/an＋形容词最高级＋

可数名词单数

表示“一个很/非

常……的……”

Thank you for a nicest weekend.

含有不定冠词的常考短语：

have a cold 得了感冒

have a good time 玩得高兴

have a gift for 有……的天赋

have a word with...与……谈话

have/take a rest 休息一下

have a holiday 度假

make a living 谋生

get a lift/ride 搭便车

go on a diet 节食

as a result 因此

as a rule 通常，照例

as a matter of fact 事实上

after a while 一会儿后

in a hurry 匆忙

in a sense 在某种意义上

in a word 总之

in a moment 一会儿

once in a while 偶尔

at a loss 困惑，不知所措

at a distance 离一段距离

for a while 暂时，一会儿

once upon a time 从前

all of a sudden 突然

a waste of...浪费

a matter of...……的问题

have a population...有……人口

have a history of...有……的历史

a collection of...一批……

have a knowledge of(＝know )知道

have an understanding of(＝understand )懂得

二、定冠词的主要用法

形式 用法 例句

the＋名词

上文提到过的或大

家已知的、熟悉的人

或物

I bought a TV and a mobile

phone last Saturday, but there is

something wrong with the TV.

the＋由普通名词构成的专有

名词或表示宇宙间独一无二

的事物的名词

这些专有名词主要

是公共建筑物、民

族、阶级、党派或组

织机构等

My sister joined the Party last

year.

动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体

某一部位

表示接受外来动作 My teacher patted me on the

shoulder.

the＋可数名词单数

指某类人或事物

The tiger is the king of the

beasts.

the＋形容词/分词 He fired me, but soon he was

among the unemployed.

the＋姓氏复数 指一家人或夫妇俩 The Johnsons have lived here for

20 years.

the＋形容词或副词最高级 表示最高级意义 This set of furniture is the least

expensive here.

the＋被演奏的西洋乐器 表示演奏乐器 The little boy can play the piano

very well

三、零冠词的主要用法

用法 例句

不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词 He likes to read novels.

名词前已有 this, that, my, your, some, each, no,

any 等限定时不再用冠词

She is not my type of woman.

表示学科、语言、三餐、棋类、球类运动、

季节、月份、星期、节日的名词前

I enjoyed English, biology and chemistry.

表示职位、头衔的名词用作表语、同位语或

补足语

The young man is captain of this ship.

表示交通方式的“by＋名词”结构中的名词

前

Fresh water was taken to the city by train.

两个名词指同一个人或物时，后面的名词前

不用冠词

The teacher and writer has come to the

meeting.

作“人类”讲的 man 和作“消息”讲的 word Word came that our team won the game.

系动词 turn 后作表语的名词前 Upon graduation, my cousin turned clerk in a

bank.

“零冠词＋单数名词＋as/though＋主语＋谓

语＋主句”，意为“虽然/尽管……，但是……”

Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.

有无冠词意义不同的短语

at school 上学 at the school 在学校

by day 白天 by the day 按日计算

in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院

in office 执政 in the office 在办公室内

leave school 辍学 leave the school 离开学校

live on farm 务农 live on the farm 住在农场

in charge of 掌管 in the charge of...在……的掌管之中

in place of 取代 in the place of...的位置上

out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能

go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 朝床边走去

go to church 做礼拜 go to the church 去教堂

two of us 我们中的两个 the two of us 我们两个

in front of...(外部)的前面 in the front of...(内部)的前部

例题解析

1．(2021·广东卷)I had a banana and an apple, and I gave __________ banana to Mary.

A．a B．an

C．the D．/

【答案】 C

【解析】 考查冠词。句意为：“我有一个香蕉和一个苹果，我把香蕉给玛丽了。”不

定冠词 a/an 表示泛指，定冠词 the 表示特指。根据语境可知，此处特指前面出现过的香蕉。

故选 C。

2．He is neither ________American nor ________Asian.He is ________Canadian.

A．an；an；a B．an；a；a

C．/；/；/ D．/；an；a

【答案】 A

【解析】 American，Asian 都以元音音素开头，表示单数时前用 an，而 Canadian 以辅

音音素开头，表示单数时前用 a。

3. ________elephant is bigger than ________horse.

A．/；/ B．an；a

C．An；a D．The；a

【答案】 C

【解析】 elephant 和 horse 前都用不定冠词，表示事物的一类。elephant 以元音音素开

头，所以要用 an，又由于是在句首，所以第一个字母要大写。

课堂小练

(时间：40 分钟 分值：60 分)

一、选择题

1. ________ live in Room 208.

A．The Green B．Green

C．The Greens D．Greens

答案：C

2．January is ________ first month of the year.

A．a B．/

C．an D．the

答案：D

3．We should think of ________ old and ________ sick.

A．a；a B．an；a

C．the；the D．/；/

答案：C

4. ________ number of the students in our class is 52.

A．A B．An

C．The D．/

答案：C

5．She can play ________ piano, but she can't play ________ football.

A．the；the B．the；/

C．/；the D．a；a

答案：B

6．There is ________ “s” in the word “six” and ________ “s” is the first letter of the word.

A．a；the B．a；an

C．an；the D．a；a

答案：C

7．A horse is ________ useful animal.

A．an B．a

C．the D．this

答案：B

8．He has already worked for ________ hour.

A．an B．a

C．the D．three

答案：A

9．Hainan is ________ island, isn't it?

A．the B．one

C．a D．an

答案：D

10．I'll have to buy ________ trousers.

A．a B．two

C．a pair of D．pair

答案：C

二、用适当的冠词填空

1．Thomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors in the world.

2．Man is the only animal that can talk.

3．Is this house the older of the two?

4．The earth moves around the sun.

5．I live in the northeast of China.

6．There are sixty minutes in an hour.

7．The honest boy is Jim, a friend of mine.

8．Children usually go to / school at the age of seven.

9．Here is a useful book to read.

10．Would you like / rice or / bread for your breakfast?

11．The poor are always happier than the rich.

12．He took me by The hand.

13．They have a son and a daughter.The son is a doctor and the daughter is a teacher.

14．An orange is orange.

15．He watched the student from / head to / foot.

[ 我之得失 ]

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第 3 节 代词

思维导图

广东真题

一、语法

1．(2012·广东卷)The question is so simple that ________ student can answer it.

A．some B．any

C．all D．other

2．(2012·广东卷)One of the women in the group gave ________ opinion openly.

A．one's B．her

C．their D．his

3．(2013·广东卷)If you need a pencil, you can use one of ________.

A．mine B．me

C．this D．it

4．(2014·广东卷)Your camera is more expensive than ________.

A．mine B．me

C．my D．I

5．(2014·广东卷)There isn't ________ wrong with the machine.

A．something B．everything

C．nothing D．anything

6．(2017·广东卷)Yesterday was Mary's birthday.I gave ________ a book as a present.

A．her B．hers

C．she D．herself

7．(2019·广东卷)I have two friends.But ________ of them has a bike to lend to me.

A．either B．neither

C．none D．all

8．(2020·广东卷) ________the students agreed that the lecture was good.

A．Every B．All

C．Each D．Some

答案：1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.B

二、语法填空

1．(2017·广东卷)He wondered why these huge elephants were being held by only a small rope

tied to their(they) front leg.(基础)

2．(2018·广东卷) ...the thing on his (he) nose hadn't been a fly....(基础)

3．(2019·广东卷)The last question would affect our(we) test result.(基础)

4．(2021·广东卷) ...because of the color of their(they) skins.(基础)

考点透析

一、人称代词，物主代词

类别

人称代词 物主代词

主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性

功能 主语 宾语、表语 定语 主语、表语、宾语

第一人称

单数 I me my mine

复数 we us our ours

第二人称 单数 you you your yours

复数 you you your yours

第三人称

单数 she/he/it her/him/it her/his/its hers/his/its

复数 they them their theirs

one/it/that 的区别

代词 用法 例句

one

泛指同名异物可数名词单数，指复数

时用 ones

I haven't got a pen.Can you lend me

one？

the one 相当于 that；the ones 相当于

those

The fruits you bought this morning are

the ones shipped from Taiwan.

it

特指上文提到的同一个事物， 复数用

they 或 them

Look at the bird.It often comes to my

window.

that

特指同名异物可数名词单数或不可数

名词，只能指物，不能指人；其复数

those 特指同名异物可数名词复数，既

可指物也可指人

His seat was next to that of mine.

The weather in Haikou is warmer than

that of Beijing in winter.

二、反身代词

用法 例句

在句中作宾语、同位语、表

语等，不能作主语

She made herself a cup of coffee.

You must forgive her——she's not herself at present.

与某些介词构成固定短语

of oneself 自动地 in oneself 本质上，本身

by oneself 独自，单独 for oneself 替自己，为自己

to oneself 独自拥有的 beside oneself( 因情绪)失去自制力，

失常

与某些动词构成固定短语

adapt oneself to 适应 apply oneself to 专心致志于

behave oneself 表现得体 devote oneself to 致力于，献身于，

专心于

dress oneself 自己穿衣 enjoy oneself 玩得开心

help oneself to 为(自己)取用 make oneself at home 舒适自

在，无拘束

seat oneself 就座 teach oneself 自学

treat oneself to 招待，款待，买(可享受的东西)

三、不定代词

1．both, either, neither

代词 用法 例句

both

“两者都”，可作主语、宾语、同位

语

Both of us are non－smokers.

either

“(两者中)任何一个”，作主语时谓

语动词用单数

Take one of the two books on the

table—either of them will do.

neither

“两者都不”，作主语时谓语动词用

单数

Neither of my younger sisters likes

sports.

2.none, all, no one

代词 用法 例句

none

“没有一点儿；全无”，指代可数名词时用于

三者或三者以上范围；既可指人也可指物；可

与 of 连用；回答 how many/much 的提问；作

主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。指代不可数

名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数

None of them knows what to

do next.

I wanted some more cake but

there was none left.

all

“全部都”，既可指人也可指物。指代或修饰

可数名词时，用于三者或三者以上范围。作主

语时若指事物的整体或抽象概念，谓语动词用

单数；若指人，谓语动词用复数

I know that all is well with her.

All of them have passed the

examination.

no one

“没人，无人”，只指人；一般不与 of 连用；

回答 who 的提问

No one dared to speak of it.

3.some，any

代词 用法 例句

some

“一些”，指代或修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词

均可，多用于肯定句中；也可用于表示请求的疑问

句中，希望得到肯定的答复

They are looking for

someone with some

experience.

Could you lend me some

money？

any

“一些”，指代或修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词

均可，常用于否定句、疑问句中。用于肯定句时，

表示三个以上人或物中的“任何一个”

Are there any stamps in

that drawer?

Give me a pen, and any

pen will do.

4.other，the other，another

代词 用法 例句

other 泛指没有范围的“另外的人或物”，不能单 No other countries could join

独用，只能修饰名词，后跟可数名词复数时，

相当于 others

in.

the other

指两者中的“另外一个”，可单独用，也可

修饰可数名词单教或可数名词复数。后接可

数名同复数时，相当于 the others，特指某范

围中“其余的……”

He walked to the other side of

the road to take a bus.

Some of us want to go there by

bus, but the others on foot.

another

指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”，可单

独使用，也可后接可数名词单数

If you don't like this one, try

another.

“another＋大于一的基数词/few＋可数名词

复数”意为“再，又”

We shall need another three

assistants in our shop.

5.few，a few，little，a little

代词 用法 功能 例句

Few

“几乎没有”，指代或修饰

可数名词复数，表示否定意

义

主语 Few were late today.

宾语 They knew few of us.

定语 She made few mistakes in her

homework.

a few

“几个”，指代或修饰可数

名词复数，表示肯定意义

主语 A few have started their own

businesses.

宾语 I recognized a few of them.

定语 He asked us a few questions.

Little

“没有多少”，指代或修饰

不可数名词，表示否定意义

主语 Little remains to be done about her.

宾语 I know little about her.

定语 I have little time to do that.

a little

“一些，一点”，指代或修

饰不可数名词，表示肯定意

义

主语 A little is enough for me.

宾语 I've only read a little of the book.

定语 There is only a little time left for us.

6.each，every

代词 用法 例句

each

强调个体，用于两者或两者以上，在句

中可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语等，

后面可接表示范围的 of 结构

Give the children each a balloon.

Each of the room has its own

shower and toilet.

every

强调整体，用于三者或三者以上，只能

作定语

Every student will be involved in

the research.

7.everything，something，anything，nothing

代词 用法 例句

Everything “一切事物”，强调整体 She does everything to help her

friend.

Something

“某事，某物”，常用于肯定句中，

也可用于表示希望得到对方肯定回答

的疑问句中

I have something to ask you.

Would you like something to eat？

Anything

在肯定句中强调个体，表示“任何事

物”，在否定句中表示“某事物”

I want to read，and anything will

do.

Nothing “什么都没有”，表示否定意义 Nothing is impossible to a willing

heart.

8.anyone，someone，everyone

代词 用法 例句

anyone “任何人”强调个体，＝anybody

Anyone can tell you where the bus stop

is.

someone “某个人”，＝somebody Someone wants to see you.

everyone

“所有人”，强调整体，＝

everybody

Everyone knows what he wants.

四、it 的用法

1．it 的指代用法

用法 例句

指代上文提到的某样东西—Where is my dictionary?

—I left it right on the desk.

用以代替指示代词 this，that

—What's this?

—It is a bag.

指不知性别的婴儿或身份不确定的人 —Who is knocking at the door?

—It must be the milkman.

指时间、距离、天气、气候或温度 It is nine o'clock sharp now.

It is raining hard outside.

常用来代替不定式、动名词或名词性从句作

形式主语或形式宾语，而将真正的主语或宾

语后置

It is not easy to learn a foreign language.

2.it 作形式主语

It is a pity/shame that...真可惜……

It is no wonder that...不足为奇/并不奇怪

It seems/appears that...似乎/看来

It looks/seems as if/as though...看起来/似乎/好……

It happens that...碰巧……

It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb.that...某人突然想起……

It is said/reported that...据说/据报道……

It is certain that...肯定……

It is well known/ acknowledged that...众所周知……

It is no use/no good doing sth.做某事没用/没好处

It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事花某人一些时间

3．it 作形式宾语

主 语 ＋ think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep... ＋ it ＋ adj./n. ＋ for/of sb.to do

sth./that...

主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...＋it＋useless/no use/no good doing

sth.

例题解析

1．(2021·广东卷)I asked two people the way to the station but ________ of them knew.

A．either B．neither

C．both D．none

【答案】 B

【解析】 考查代词。句意为：“我问了两个人去车站的路，但没有一个人知道。”either

表示“两者中的任何一个，neither 表示“两者都不”，both 表示“两者都”，none 表示“两

者以上都不”。根据关键词 but 可知，前后语意为转折关系，空格处表达的应为“两个人都

不知道”。故选 B。

2. ________no need for us to discuss the problem again.It has been solved.

A．It has B．There has

C．It is D．There is

【答案】 D

【解析】 There be 句型表示“(存在)有……”。句子中没有人称代词作主语时通常不

用 have/has, 而用 there be 句型。

3．Our room is big，but ________is bigger than ________.

A．their；our B．their；ours

C．theirs；ours D．theirs；our

【答案】 C

【解析】 该题考查名词性的物主代词，充当主语。

4. ________house is being repaired?

A．What B．Where

C．Who D．Whose

【答案】 D

【解析】 该题考查疑问代词的用法。只有 whose 后才能直接接名词，表示“谁的”。

课堂小练

(时间：40 分钟 分值：60 分)

一、选择题

1．Help ________ to some fish, boys.

A．yourselves B．yourself

C．himself D．herself

答案：A

2. ________ is wrong with my watch.It has stopped ________.

A．Something；working B．Something；to work

C．Anything；working D．Anything；to work

答案：A

3．I have three pens.One is red, ________ two are black.

A．another B．other

C．the other D．the others

答案：C

4．There is ________ in today's newspaper, is there?

A．something important B．anything important

C．nothing important D．important nothing

答案：C

5．I asked Jim and Bob to my house for a meal, but ________ of them came.

A．both B．nor

C．none D．neither

答案：D

二、用正确的人称代词及物主代词填空

1．My name is Li Lei.I am twelve.My father is a doctor.He works in a hospital.My mother is a

teacher.She teaches English.I love both of them.

2．—Excuse me! Is this bike yours?

—No, it isn't mine.I think it is Li Lei's.

—Yes, it's his.

3．Lucy and Lily are twin sisters.They are in the same class.Miss Gao is their headmaster.She

likes them and they like her,_too.

4．Jim has a nice Parrot.Its name is Polly.He looks after it every day.

5．—I'd like to go swimming.

— Me too.

6．She will finish the work herself.

7．She has lost her pen.Will you lend her yours?

三、用适当的反身代词填空

1．Jim and Li Lei are teaching themselves French.

2．“What shall I do next？” Wei Hua asked herself.

3．I think we can do the work by ourselves.

4．“Help yourselves to some fruit.” Mother said to the children.

5．Jim enjoyed himself at the party yesterday.

6．I wasn't quite myself last night.

7．Make yourself at home.

8．Look, the cat is washing her face itself.

四、用不定代词完成下列各句

1．There isn't any water in the pot.Please get some for me.

2．If you have any questions, please put up your hands.

3．Jim lent me two English books, but neither of them is easy enough for me.

4．The trousers are too long.Would you please show me another pair?

5．Last week they planted a lot of flowers on either side of the road.

6．The boy is standing with both hands in the pockets.

7．They have got everything ready for the football match.

8．Lily looks unhappy.Something must have happened to her.

9. Someone has taken my maths book by mistake.

10．Miss Gao wants to teach his pupils all she knows.

[ 我之得失 ]

________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

第 4 节 数词

思维导图

广东真题

一、语法

1．(2012·广东卷)They have a ________ baby.(适中)

A．four－months B．four－months－old

C．four－month－old D．fourth－month－old

2．(2013·广东卷)We have a ________ repair bill for that badly damaged car.(适中)

A．five－hundred－dollar B．five－hundreds－dollars

C．five－hundreds－dollar D．five－hundred－dollars

3．(2014·广东卷)In our class ________ of the students are girls.(基础)

A．two thirds B．two third

C．second third D．second thirds

4．(2015·广东卷)This company gave the staff a ________holiday.(适中)

A．two－week B．two－weeks

C．two－week's D．two weeks'

5．(2016·广东卷) ________ of the students will have chances to go to college in the future.(基

础)

A．Three four B．Three fourths

C．Thirds fourths D．Thirds fourth

6．(2019·广东卷)Please turn to Page 10 and read ________ story.(基础)

A．two B．second

C．the second D．the two

答案：1.C 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.C

考点透析

一、数词的分类

基

数

功能 作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语

读法 基数词 1～19, 20～29, 整十位数和 hundred, thousand, million, billion

词 三

要点

会读个、十、百位数

由右向左每三位数前的逗号分别读作 thousand, million 和 billion，逗号之

间的按百位以内的数读

注意

表示“几百”“几千”时，hundred, thousand 等词不加－s

hundred, thousand 等词为复数时作名词，表示“数量很多”的意思

序

数

词

构成

一般的基数词后加－th，多位数的基数词只变最后一位。如：ten→tenth,

one thousand two hundred and thirty→one thousand two hundred and

thirtieth

整几十的基数词，变 y 为 ie 再加 th，如：forty→fortieth

几个不规则词：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth

功能

作定语(前面要加定冠词 the)；年、月、日中的日；表示“第几”时；分

数中的分母

二、基数词：表示数量的词为基数词，它的构成如下表

范围 特点 实例

1～12 无规律

one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，

ten，eleven，twelve

13～19 以－teen 结尾

thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，

nineteen

20～90 以－ty 结尾

twenty，thirty，forty，fifty，sixty，seventy，eighty，

ninety

21～99

十位与个位之

间要加连字符

“－”

twenty－five，sixty－five，ninety－nine

101～999

百位和十位之

间通常用 and

three hundred and twenty－five (美国英语中常将 and

省略)

千以上

6275 — six thousand two hundred and seventy－five；

1200 — twelve hundred

三、序数词：表示数目顺序的词为序数词，它的构成如下表

范围 特点 实例

1～19 各基数词尾加－th

其中 7 个例外：first，second，third，

fifth，eighth，ninth，twelfth。其余，

如：fourth，sixth，nineteenth

20, 30～90 把－y 变－ie 后加－th twentieth，fortieth，ninetieth

21 以后多位数

最后一个数用序数词，其余用基数

词

21st — twenty－first, 110th — one

hundred and tenth

四、数词的用法

1．英语中年月日、钟点、序数词、分数词、编号、算式表示法列表

汉语示例 英语表示法

时

间

表

达

2023 年 6 月 30 日

June 30,2023/June 30th,2023/30

June,2023/30th June,2023

七点二十五分(7：25) seven twenty－five/twenty－five past seven

十二点五十四分(12：54) twelve fifty－four/six to one

九点十五分(9：15) nine fifteen/a quarter past nine

两点半(2：30) two thirty/half past two

二十一点五十分(21：50) twenty－one fifty/ten to twenty－two

数

字

表

达

第二十一 twenty－first

第一百二十三 one hundred and twenty－third

二分之一；四分之一；

五分之四

a half；one fourth；four－fifths (分子大于 1

时，在分母序数词后加－s)

二又五分之二 two and two－fifths

百分之二十 20 percent

编

号

表

达

第七路公共汽车 Bus number 7 / Bus No.7

201 房间 Room 201

人民路 153 号 153 Renmin Road

第三中学 No.3 Middle School

算

式

表

达

4＋8＝12 Four plus eight is twelve.

11－7＝4 Eleven minus seven is four.

6×5＝30 Six times five is thirty.

20÷5＝4 Twenty divided by five is four.

A＞B A is more than B．

A＜B A is less than B．

A≈B A is approximately equal to B．

A≠B A is not equal to B.

2.约数表示法列表

含义 英语表达 例句

大于 more than He has lived here for more than twenty years.他已经在这里住

了 20 多年了。

over She is over fifty.她 50 多岁了。

or more

There are thirty people or more in the meeting－room.会议室

里有 30 多人。

小于

less than I have less than fifty dollars.我有不到 50 美元。

under

Children under seven are not allowed to enter.7 岁以下的儿童

不许入内。

below

He would not sell it for below a hundred fifty dollars.低于 150

美元，他是不会卖掉它的。

or less

The coat might cost him sixty dollars or less.这件外套花了他

60 美元或少一些。

大约

nearly She is nearly sixty now.她近 60 岁了。

almost It's almost three o'clock.差不多 3 点钟了。

up to Up to ten men can sleep in this tent.这个帐篷可以睡近 10 人。

or

He spent four or five days writing the article.他花了四、五天的

时间写这篇文章。

or so The distance is twenty miles or so.距离是 20 英里左右。

about

I visited the village about three years ago.大约 3 年前，我访问

过那个村子。

some

Their team has some four or five players.他们队有四、五个选

手。

more or less

The container can hold more or less twenty pounds of water.这

个容器大约可以装 20 磅水。

around/round

Let's make it around/round eight o'clock.那我们就定在 8 点钟

左右吧。

3.不定数量词“多”的表示法列表

被修饰名词的数 英语表达 汉译

修饰可数名词

dozens of 几十；许多

scores of 许多

a number of, many, a good/great many(修饰复

数可数名词), many a(修饰可数名词单数)

许多；大量

hundreds of 数以百计

thousands of 成千上万

修饰不可数名词 much, a great deal of, a large amount of, large

amounts of

许多；大量

修饰可数名词或

不可数名词

a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of,

large quantities of

许多；大量

例题解析

1．(2021·广东卷)Please turn to Page 10 and read ________ story.(基础)

A．two B．second

C．the second D．the two

【答案】 C

【解析】 考查序数词。句意为：“请翻到第十页并读第二个故事。”结合选项，“第

二个”应用“定冠词＋序数词”表示特指，即 the second，故选 C。

2．In this school，classes begin at ________in the morning.

A．half past seven B．thirty seven

C．half to seven D．seven and a half

【答案】 A

【解析】 七点半常用下面两种方式来表达：half past seven 和 seven thirty。

3．There are about five ________workers in our factory.

A．hundreds B．hundred

C．hundreds of D．hundred of

【答案】 B

【解析】 500 应是 five hundred，注意 hundred 后不加“s”。hundreds of 是成百上千的意

思，是一个不确切的数字。

4．May is ________month of the year.

A．five B．the five

C．fifth D．the fifth

【答案】 D

【解析】 五月是一年的第五个月，这里应用序数词。基数词是 five，序数词是 fifth，

序数词前要加定冠词 the。

课堂小练

(时间：40 分钟 分值：60 分)

一、语法填空

1．This is the eighth(eight) time we have beaten them.

2．China's population on the mainland reached 1.41178 billion according to the seventh(seven)

national population census(普查)．

3．My mom gave me this computer as my sixteenth(sixteen) birthday present.

4．When you visit New York, don't miss Broadway.It has been famous for its theaters since the

early twentieth (twenty) century.

5．We will have all kinds of activities to celebrate its seventieth(seventy) birthday this year.

6．Here is an old saying: think twice(two) before you do.

7．Tony's mother looks young and beautiful.It's hard to imagine she is already in her

fifties(fifty)．

8．I'll go abroad on my own for the first(one) time.

9．Three fifths (five) of the girls will join the summer camp to visit England.They are all very

excited about the trip.

10．He is a fifteen－year－old(15 岁大的)boy.

11．It is known that three fourths(four) of the earth is covered with water.

12．After several years' effort, the environment in this village is becoming better and

better.Thousands(thousand) of birds are coming back.

13．The fifth(five) month of the year is May.

14．The number of the cars in our neighborhood is about eight hundred(hundred)．

15．There are sixty students in our class.And two thirds(three) of us are boys.

二、选择题

1．The ________Lianyungang－Xuzhou High－speed Railway was open to the public this

year.

A．180 kilometer long B．180 kilometers long

C．180-kilometer-long D．180-kilometers-long

答案：C

2．His _________ composition won the first prize.

A．800 hundreds word B．800 hundred words

C．800-handreds word D．800-hundred word

答案：D

3．—How many new words are there in ________ lesson?

—There are only ________.

A．five；fifth B．fifth；five

C．the fifth；the five D．the fifth；five

答案：D

4．—Which room do you live?

— ________.

A．The 201 Room B．Room 201

C．Room 201st D．The 201's Room

答案：B

5．—“What's the date today？”

— ________.

A．The four of May B．The fourth May

C．May four D．May the fourth

答案：D

[我之得失] _____________________________________________________________

第 5 节 介词

思维导图

广东真题

一、词汇

1．(2012·广东卷)We waved until the car was out_of_sight.(基础)

A．出现 B．启动

C．消失 D．停止

2．(2012·广东卷)She arrived there on_time last night.(基础)

A．准时 B．迅速

C．提前 D．时常

3．(2013·广东卷)Those in_favor_of the plan，please raise your hands.(适中)

A．制定 B．赞成

C．相信 D．反对

4．(2014·广东卷)There are a few mistakes in grammar，but on_the_whole,_this is a good

composition.(基础)

A．不可否认 B．毫无疑问

C．总的说来 D．严格来说

5．(2015·广东卷)The two cultures have a lot in_common.(适中)

A．共同之处 B．矛盾之处

C．可取之处 D．特殊之处

6．(2016·广东卷) Due_to the bad weather，I had to ask for one day's leave this morning.(基

础)

A．幸亏 B．凡是

C．尽管 D．由于

7．(2018·广东卷)Mr.Smith is in_charge_of the project to be carried out next month.(适中)

A．投诉 B．批评

C．负责 D．参与

8．(2018·广东卷)My brother is leaving for Beijing on_business in three days.(适中)

A．读书 B．旅游

C．探亲 D．出差

答案：1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.D

二、语法

1．(2014·广东卷)We won't be back ________next Friday.

A．in B．at

C．until D．to

2．(2017·广东卷)I have been out of work ________ last November.

A．to B．for

C．by D．since

3．(2019·广东卷)Water is important and no one can live ________it.

A．besides B．by

C．except D．without

4．(2020·广东卷)She was busy ________ her homework.

A．with B．at

C．for D．to

5．(2021·广东卷)John is ________holiday in France.

A．in B．on

C．at D．with

答案：1.C 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.B

三、语法填空

1．(2017·广东卷)We should never give up the struggle in life.

2．(2018·广东卷)He couldn't speak for some time，but at last he was able to tell his wife...

3．(2019·广东卷)I handed in my paper.

4．(2020·广东卷)Then Mr.puluer decided to desing a tool for village doctors so that they could

send the heart pictures to doctors in the city.

5．(2021·广东卷)．..on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial on August 28,1963.

考点透析

一、介词的分类

介词的分类

简单

介词

只有单独一个词的介词：after，at，on，in，during，since，till/until 等(时间

介词)；across，over，through，past，near，to，above 等(方位介词)；by，for，

down，from，of，off，behind，below，beneath，beside，between，beyond，

up，with，about，against，along，among，around 等

复合

介词

由两个单一词合成的介词：into，inside，onto，outside，throughout，towards，

upon，within，without 等

短语

介词

形容词、分词或副词＋介词：according to，away from，down to，inside of，

near to，opposite to，owing to 等

连词＋介词：as for，as to，because of 等

介词＋介词(又称双重介词)：from among，from behind，from under，till after

等

介词＋名词＋介词：by means of，in front of，in spite of，on account of，with

regard to 等

名词＋介词：thanks to

由其

他词

类转用

分词

concerning 关于，considering 鉴于，including 包括，regarding

关于

形容词

或副词

like 像，near 接近，opposite 在……对面，unlike 不像，round

围绕……，next 和……接邻

连词 than 比，but 除了……之外

名词 despite 不管、不顾

二、表示时间的介词

表示

时间

的介词

at 表示时间点、具体时刻等 This year's event will take

place on June 19th.今年的

活动将于 6 月 19 日举行。

We're open till/until 6

o'clock.我们营业到 6 点

on

表示具体的日子或一个特定的时

间或具体某一天的上午、下午或

晚上

in 表示在某段较长的时间内

in/after

在……之后。“in＋时间段”，

常与将来时连用；“after＋时间

段”，常与过去时连用

钟。

He's been working in a

bank since leaving school.

他毕业以后一直在一家银

行工作。

Leave your keys at

reception before departure.

离开前请把钥匙留在服务

台。

Over the next few days

they got to know the town

well.在以后几天中，他们

逐渐熟悉了这个小镇。

since 后接时间点，“自从……以来”

for 后接时间段，“长达……”

until/till 直到……为止

by 到……时；不迟于……

during 在……期间

before 在……之前

over 在……期间

through 一直，自始至终

三、表示地点的介词

表示

地点

的介词

at 后常接相对较小的地方 She walked across the floor

and lay down on the bed.她走

过地板躺在了床上。

The sunlight came in through

the windows in the roof and lit

up the whole room.阳光透过

天窗照了进来，照亮了整个房

间。

The dog jumped over some

bushes and saw the little

stream.那只狗跳过几丛灌木

看到了小溪。

in

后常接相对较大的地方或某一个

大的范围

on 在……上(↔beneath)

across 从……的表面穿过；在……对面

through 从……的内部穿过

over 从……的上面跨过(↔under)

above

指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并

不一定是垂直向上。还可指数量、

水平、年龄等“超过、多于、大

于”(↔below)

四、表示方式的介词

表示

方式

的介词

表示使用的工具、手段、材料时，with，

by，in，on 都意为“用”。

(1)with 多指用具体的工具、身体的某部

位或器官；(2)by 侧重使用某种方法、手

段或乘坐某种交通工具；(3)in 指使用某

种语言、笔墨等；(4)on 多用于固定词组

中

by cheque 用支票付款

by boat/bus/car/plane 乘船/公共汽车/

轿车/飞机

by air/land/sea 坐飞机/经陆路/海路

with chopsticks 用筷子

on the radio 通过收音机

in French 用法语

五、表示原因的介词(短语)

表示原

因的介

词(短语)

for，because of，due to，thanks to，owing to，on account

of，as a result of

The open－air

celebration has been

put off because of the

bad weather.因为天气

不好，这次户外庆祝

会被推迟了。

特别

提醒

上述中的短语除 due to，because of

既可作状语又可作表语外，其他短语

只能作状语。thanks to 表示“多亏，

幸亏”，多位于句首。

六、表示“除……之外”的介词(短语)

表示

“除……之

外”的介词

(短语)

besides

意为“除……之外(还有)”，相当于

in addition to

Besides working as a

doctor，he also writes

novels in his spare time.

除了当医生之外，他在业

余时间还写小说。

Apart from good

service，the restaurant

offers different kinds of

traditional Fujian dishes.

除优质的服务外，这个饭

店还提供各种各样的传

统福建菜。

except

意为“除……之外(别无)”，可接名

词、代词、介词短语和从句

but 意为“除……之外”(＝except)

apart from

既可相当于besides或in addition to，

也可相当于 except for

other than 意为“除……之外(别无)”

七、其他常考介词

其他

常考

介词

against

违背，反对；倚靠；以……为背景，

衬托

Copies are available for two

dollars each.两元一份。

Can't you throw out that old

bike of Tommy's？难道你就

不能把汤米那辆旧自行车

给扔掉？

She drove so fast at the turn

that the car almost went off

the road.她在转弯处开得如

此快，以至于车差点偏离公

路。

Tired，Jim was fast asleep

with his back against a big

tree.吉姆累了，背靠着一棵

大树睡着了。

beyond (范围、限度)超出，为……所不能及

by 程度或增减的幅度；按照

despite 尽管

for

为了；(表示对象或用途)给；因为；

就……而言；赞成，支持；换取

with

和……在一起；和，跟；具有，带有；

(表示伴随)随着

of

属于；关于；出身于(某背景)；住在(某

地)

within (范围、程度)在……内

without 没有

off 从……落下；(时空上)离，距；(表示

方向)偏离；离开

例题解析

1．(2021·广东卷)When Molly was eight years old, Helen came to live in the house opposite to

hers.

A．在……的前面 B．在……的后面

C．在……的对面 D．在……的下面

【答案】 C

【解析】 句意：莫莉八岁时，海伦搬到了她家对面的房子里居住。

2．(2021·广东卷)John is __________ holiday in France.

A．in B．at

C．on D．with

【答案】 C

【解析】 考查介词。句意为：“约翰正在法国度假。”on holiday 为固定搭配，意为“正

在度假中”，符合语境。故选 C。

3．(2021·广东卷)This question is ____________ my ability.

A．beyond B．in

C．beside D．with

【答案】 A

【解析】 考查介词。句意为：“这个问题超出了我的能力范围。”beyond 意为“超

出……之外；非……所能及”，符合题意。within one's ability，意思是“在某人能力范围之

内”。故选 A。

4．The boy was scolded ________being late ________class.

A．for；to B．about；to

C．for；for D．because；to

【答案】 C

【解析】 第一个 for 表示原因，“由于……”，与动词 scold(责备)形成一定的呼应关

系，第二个 for 表示目的，be late for 是常用搭配。

课堂小练

(时间：40 分钟 分值：60 分)

1．Space Day of China falls ________April 24th every year.

A．on B．by

C．at D．in

答案：A

2．Anna is taller than I．She sits ________me in the classroom.

A．between B．from

C．behind D．among

答案：C

3．The Tianwen－1 Probe landed on Mars ________May 15th 2021.

A．at B．in

C．to D．on

答案：D

4．Our country has made great progress in the fight ________blue skies and clear waters.

A．in B．for

C．against D．between

答案：B

5. ________fire，we should stay calm and leave as quickly as possible.

A．In case of B．In need of

C．In search of D．In charge of

答案：A

6．It is said Zhang Sanfeng created tai chi(太极拳) after watching a fight between a snake and

a bird.________，many movements in tai chi have names of animals.

A．In fact B．In total

C．In time D．In case

答案：A

7．I could tell ________the look on her face that something exciting had happened.

A．on B．with

C．by D．at

答案：C

8．Since 1921，the Communist Party of China(中国共产党)has been leading the Chinese

people ________a better life.

A .of B．on

C．at D．to

答案：D

9．Football fans are often called the “12th man” because of their influence ________a team.

A．to B．from

C．on D．at

答案：C

10．China successfully landed a spacecraft ________Mars in May,2021.

A．in B．on

C．at D．for

答案：B

[ 我之得失 ]

________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

第 6 节 连词

思维导图

考点透析

一、并列连词

作用 连词 例句

表示

联合

关系

and The girl is healthy，strong and eager to explore.

both...and... I hate it that he both drinks and smokes.

not only...but

(also)．..

Not only is he funny，but he is (also) very talented.

neither...nor... Neither Tom nor I am going to attend the meeting.

as well as He has experience as well as knowledge.

表示

选择

关系

or Is the baby a boy or a girl？

either...or... Either you or she was wrong.

not...but... Not you but I am to blame.

表示 but I'd asked everybody but only two people came.

转折

关系

yet I have little time，yet I want to have a try.

while The boy likes hiking while the girl enjoys staying at home.

whereas

Some of the studies show positive results，whereas others

do not.

表示

因果

关系

for

We must start early，for it will take two hours to drive to the

airport.

(for 连接的分句表示原因，不能置于句首，用逗号与前

面的分句隔开)

so I felt sleepy，so I stopped reading.

二、从属连词

作用 连词 例句

时间

状语

从句

when When the film ended，the people went back.

while Please don't talk so loud while others are working.

as As time goes on，it is getting warmer and warmer.

before

Tom rushed out of the office angrily before I could

explain.

after He changed his idea after he thought it over.

until/till We will wait here until the teacher comes back.

since

I have worked here since I settled down in the small

city.

whenever You can ask for help whenever you need it.

the moment

The moment I heard the voice，I knew my father was

coming.

地点

状语

从句

where Where there is a will，there is a way.

wherever You can put the piano wherever you like.

原因

状语

从句

because Please be brief because I am in a hurry.

since

Since you are unable to answer，perhaps I should ask

someone else.

as As it is raining，we shall not go to the park.

now that Now that everyone is here，let's begin our meeting.

in that

I'm in a slightly awkward position in that he is not

arriving until the 10th

.

目的

so that＋情态动词 Bring it closer so that I can see it clearer.

in case You'd better take something to read when you go to see

状语

从句

the doctor in case you have to wait.

in order that

She worked day and night in order that she could

support her family.

for fear that Take an umbrella for fear that it may rain.

结果

状语

从句

so He was late so the teacher blamed him.

so that

The teacher explained very clearly so that we all

understood.

so...that...

Dalian is so beautiful a city that a great many people go

there for holiday.

such...that...

Dalian is such a beautiful city that a great many people

go there for holiday.

条件

状语

从句

if I'll help you if you're stuck.

unless

One cannot learn a foreign language well unless he

works hard at it.

as long as

As long as you are happy，it does not matter what you

do.

on condition

that

He agreed to speak to reporters on condition that he

was not identified.

让步

状语

从句

although Although Canada is large，the population is small.

though Though Canada is large，the population is small.

while

While we sympathize，we can't really do very much to

help.

as Large as Canada is，the population is small.

even if/

even though

Allow children to voice their opinions，even if they are

different from your own.

方式

状语

从句

as You must do as your teacher tells you to.

as if/as though Our teacher treats us as though we were her children.

比较

状语

从句

(as...) as You know as much about that as I do.

than It is raining harder than it did yesterday.

例题解析

1．(2021·广东卷)Jack has lost some

weight ________ he started doing exercise.(基础)

A．since B．if

C．until D．although

【答案】 A

【解析】 考查时间状语从句。根据时态：主句是现在完成时，从句是一般过去时，连

词用 since。自从杰克开始锻炼，他就减了一些体重。故选 A。

2. I broke Peter's mobile, ________he wasn't angry with me.

A．or B．but

C．so D．for

【答案】 B

【解析】 考查并列连词。句意为：“我弄坏了彼得的手机，但他没有生我的气。”根

据句意可知这里表示语气的转折。故选 B。

3．Take the exam carefully, ________you won't get good marks.

A．but B．and

C．so D．or

【答案】 D

【解析】 考查并列句的连接词。句意为：“认真地参加考试，否则你不会得高分。”or

意为“否则，要不然”，可用于句型“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”中。故选 D。

4．Ben was busy taking a training class, ________we had to wait for him for nearly an hour.

A．so B．if

C．or D．but

【答案】 A

【解析】 考查并列句的连接词。句意为：“本正忙着上培训班，所以我们不得不等他

将近一个小时。”前后表示因果关系，选项中只有 so 表因果。故选 A。

课堂小练

(时间：40 分钟 分值：60 分)

一、选择题

1．We cannot expect her to do the homework ________look after the children.

A．as good as B．as well as

C．as far as D．as long as

答案：B

解析：考查固定短语语义辨析。句意：我们不能指望她既做作业又照顾孩子。A.as good

as 和……一样好，不亚于；B.as well as 既……又……；C.as far as 远至，就……而言；D.as long

as 只要。根据句意可知，不能指望她既干这个又干那个。故选 B。

2 ． The park rules state that no child shall be allowed to play on the slide,

________accompanied by an adult.

A．if B．when

C．unless D．since

答案：C

解析：考查状语从句和连词。句意：公园规则规定，除非有大人陪同，否则不允许孩子

玩滑梯。A.if 如果；B.when 在……时候；C.unless 除非；D.since 自……以来。结合句意，分

析句子可知，“ ________accompanied by an adult.”是省略后的条件状语从句，是“no child shall

be allowed to play on the slide”的条件，用连词 unless 引导该从句，其意为“除非；如果不”。

故选 C。

3．I'll keep his address ________I need it.

A．so that B．in order that

C．in case D．when

答案：C

解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：我会保留他的地址，以备不时之需。A.so that 以便，

因此；B.in order that 为了；C.in case 以防；D.when 当……时候。根据“I'll keep his address”可

知，此处是指存下地址以备不时之需，用 in case“以防”引导目的状语从句。故选 C。

4．Remember that you won't be able to cancel the contract ________you've signed.

A．unless B．until

C．though D．once

答案：D

解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：记住，一旦你签了合同就不能取消。A.unless 除非；

B.until 直到；C.though 尽管；D.once 一旦。结合句意可知，此处指“一旦你签了合同就不能

取消”，用 once 引导条件状语从句。故选 D。

5．Feathers are very light, ________we say “as light as a feather ”．

A．in case B．unless

C．if D．so that

答案：D

解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：羽毛很轻，所以我们说“轻如鸿毛”。A.in case 以防，

以防万一；B.unless 除非；C.if 如果；D.so that 因此。根据上下文句意可知，前后是因果关系，

故用 so that 引导结果状语从句。故选 D。

6．Look！Some boys are playing football ________some girls are relaxing themselves by

playing the game of cat and mouse on the playground.

A．otherwise B．since

C．while D．however

答案：C

解析：考查连词。句意：看！一些男孩在踢足球，而一些女孩在操场上玩猫捉老鼠的游

戏来放松自己。A.otherwise 否则；B.since 自从；C.while 然而； D．however 无论……。结

合空处前后可知，“一些男孩在踢足球”与“一些女孩在做游戏”是对比关系，因此需要使

用并列转折关系。“while”意为“然而”，故选 C。

7．A pen is to a writer ________a sword is to a warrior.

A．what B．while

C．that D．which

答案：C

解析：考查固定句型。句意：笔之于作家，犹如剑之于战士。A.what 什么，……的东西；

B.while 当，然而；C.that(无意义)；D.which 哪一个。此处为固定句型：A is to B what C is to D“A

之于 B，正如 C 之于 D”，what 引导表语从句。故选 A。

8．I will keep drawing and see what happens.________I never become famous，this is what I

love to do every hour of every day.

A．Even if B．Unless

C．So long as D．Now that

答案：A

解析：考查连词。句意：我继续画，看看会发生什么。 即使我永远不会出名，这也是我

每天每时每刻都喜欢做的事。A.even if 即使；B.unless 除非；C.so long as 只要；D.now that

既然。根据前后两句可知是让步关系，even if 引导让步状语从句，“即使”符合句意，故选

A。

9．—How long do you think it will be ________China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?

—Perhaps two or three years.

A．when B．before

C．that D．until

答案：B

解析：考查连词词义辨析和固定句型。句意：——你认为中国还要多久才能把载人飞船

送上月球？——可能两三年。A.when 当；B.before 在……之前，……才……； C．that (用于

某些动词、形容词和名词后，引出各种从句)；D.until 直到。结合句意可知，此处为固定句型：

it will be＋时间段＋before...“还要……才……”。故选 B。

10．It was 5：00 pm and I was ready to go home.I was about to turn off my computer

________I received an email from my director.

A．after B．while

C．before D．when

答案：D

解析：考查连词辨析和固定句型。句意：当时是下午 5 点，我准备回家了。我正打算关

掉电脑，这时候收到了一封来自我的导师的电子邮件。A.after 在……之后；B.while 当；C.before

在……之前；D.when 当，这时。结合句意可知，此处为固定句型：be about to do...when...“正

准备……这时突然……”，表示一个动作发生时突然出现了另一个动作。故选 D。

二、语法填空

1．Fast as you read，you can't finish the book in three days.

2．Leo had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.

3．You'll fail in the driving test unless you have more practice.

4．The story tells us that if/when you want to get something，you must work hard for it.

5．Physical Education in schools can teach us endurance something we all need when life

becomes tough.

6．As time went on，the whole forest was almost destroyed.The green hills have gradually

changed into a wasteland.

7．He was about to tell me the secret when someone patted him on the head.

8．A true friend can see the pain in your eyes while/but the others only can see the smile on

your face.

9．It has been three hours since the policeman caught the robber.

10．We need some more facts and figures before we make the final decision.

11．He put off his departure until his sister came.

12．It is difficult to choose between this one and that one.

13．Tom worked hard, but/yet he still couldn't pass the exam.

14．Once/If I get him a job，he'll be fine.

15．You will miss the train unless you hurry up.

16．Tom looked upon the test as an obstacle while his classmates regarded it as a challenge.

17．The audience like these TV competitions because/since/as the participants are given a

chance to break out of their everyday life and become special.

18．Either at school or at work，lunch breaks are quite short.

19．Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.

20．When the fox arrived at the stork's home，he saw that they were also having soup for

dinner.

[我之得失] _____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

第 7 节 形容词和副词

思维导图

广东真题

一、词汇

1．(2019·广东卷)Managers must set targets that are realistic.(适中)

A．宏大的 B．务实的

C．理想的 D．遥远的

2．(2020·广东卷)Someone has carelessly left a window open.(基础)

A．粗心地 B．故意地

C．盲目地 D．公开地

3．(2020·广东卷)This information is available on the internet.(适中)

A．可避免的 B．可相信的

C．可忽略的 D．可找到的

答案：1.B 2.A 3.D

二、语法

1．(2016·广东卷)Tony is not so clever as Judy，but he works ________than she.(基础)

A．hard B．harder

C．hardest D．the hardest

2．(2018·广东卷)The more you practice, ________you can speak.(基础)

A．the better B．the well

C．the good D．the best

3．(2019·广东卷) ________，he finished the work all by himself.(适中)

A．Surprised B．Surprising

C．Surprisingly D．Surprise

4．(2020·广东卷)It was ________that he couldn't finish it by himself.(偏难)

A．a so difficult job B．such a difficult job

C．so a difficult job D．such difficult a job

答案：1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B

三、语法填空

1．(2019·广东卷)All are important(importance)．(适中)

2．(2020·广东卷) Luckily(luck)，things are changing for the better due to wide use of

cardio-pad，...(基础)

3．(2020·广东卷)The doctor said that village patients chose to make expensive and dangerous

(danger) journeys to the city hospitals.(适中)

4．(2021·广东卷)Well，Dr.King had a dream that some day all people would be treated

equally(equal)．(适中)

5．(2021·广东卷)I hope it will be even better(good)for you in the future.(适中)

考点透析

一、形容词、副词原级及比较级和最高级的常用句型

名称 句型 例句

相等

as＋原级＋as

The train travels as_fast_as the 3：55 train.

这列车和 3：55 的列车开得一样快。

as＋原级＋a/an＋名词单数＋

as

He is as_honest_a_man_as you.他和你一样

是个诚实的人。

as many＋可数名词复数＋

as；

as much＋不可数名词＋ as

I have as_many_books_as you.我和你一样

有许多书。

倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋名词 My room is_twice_as_big_as_my_brother's.

我的房间是我兄弟的两倍大。

不及 not as＋原级＋as

She is not_as_beautiful_as her sister.她不如

她妹妹漂亮。

超越

比较级＋than

Health is more_important_than wealth.健康

比金钱重要。

the＋比较级＋of the two

两者中较……的一个

He is the_taller_of_the_two.他是两者中较

高的一个。

否定

no＋比较级＋than 和……一

样不

He is no_richer_than I．他和我一样不富

有。

not＋比较级 再……不过(可

译为“非常、十分”)

His work couldn't_be_worse.他的工作糟得

不能再糟了。

程度递增

－er and －er，more and more

＋ 多音节词 越来越……

higher_and_higher 越来越高

more_and_more_important 越来越重要

两种情况同

时变化

the＋比较级，the＋比较级

越……，越……

The_quicker you get ready, the_sooner

we'll be able to leave.你越快准备好，我们

就能越早离开。

三者或三者

以上比较

the＋最高级＋of/in＋比较范

围 ……之中最……

They have got some of

the_most_beautiful_things_in_the_world.他

们这儿拥有一些世界上最美的东西。

注意：no more (...) than 与 not more (...) than 的用法

二、比较结构的修饰语

1

用于原

级之前

almost，nearly，just，quite，

half，twice，three times 等

The river is three times as long as

that one.

这条河是那条河是三倍长。

2

用于比

较级前

many，a few (用于“more

＋可数名词复数”前)

It takes many more hours to go

there by train than by plane.坐火车

去那里比坐飞机要花多好多个小

时。

a lot，much，even，still，far，

a great deal，rather，two

years,5%，twice 等

My desk-mate is even fatter than

I．我同桌甚至比我还胖。

3

用于最

高级前

the very，much the，by far，

nearly，by no means，almost，

This cake is by far the largest in the

world.

not really，the first/second 等 这个蛋糕是世界上最大的。

三、两种形式的副词：一个与形容词同形，一个以－ly 结尾

1

hard

hardly

hard 刻苦地；努力地；猛

烈地；费力地

He studies very hard.他学习非

常努力。

hardly 几乎不；简直不

We hardly had time to eat

breakfast.我们几乎没时间吃

早饭。

2

high

highly

high 高高地；地位高；声

音高

The plane flies high.飞机飞得

很高。

highly 高度地；非常(常和

praise，speak 等动词连用)

They spoke very highly of him.

他们高度称赞他。

3

deep

deeply

deep

修饰具体动作时，往往两个

词可互换，但多用 deep

They had to dig very deep in

order to find water.他们必须挖

得很深，才能发现水。

表示静止状态时只用

deep(此时多于介词、副词

连用)

The meeting continued deep

into the night.会议持续到了深

夜。

deeply

修饰形容词或过去分词只

能用 deeply

I am deeply grateful to you.我

非常感谢你。

deeply 可与 hate，dislike，

regret，admire，love，value

等动词连用，但不能与动词

like 连用

I deeply regret his death.我对

他的去世深感遗憾。

4

late

lately

late 迟；晚

The bus arrived 5 minutes late.

公共汽车迟到了五分钟。

lately 最近；不久前(同

recently)

What have you been doing

lately? 最近你在做什么？

as late as 与 as lately as 都有

“近至、直到”之意，用法

相同

I saw him as late/lately as

yesterday.直到昨天我才看见

他。

5

near

nearly

near 近；临近；在附近

The train came nearer and

nearer.火车越来越近了。

nearly 几乎；差不多；将近

It is nearly ten o'clock.差不多

十点钟了。

6

close

closely

close 靠近；挨近；接近

Come close so that I can see

you.走近点以便我能看清你。

closely 紧密地；紧紧地；

秘密地；仔细地；严密地

We followed closely after him.

我们紧紧地跟在他后面。

四、以－ly 结尾的形容词

1

表示时间的形容

词

hourly 每小时的，daily 每天的，

nightly 每晚的，weekly 每周的，

monthly 每月的，quarterly 每季度的，

yearly 每年的，early 早的，timely 及

时的；适时的

This theatre will give a

nightly performance.这

个剧院将上演一台晚

会。

2 表示人的形容词

manly 男子气的，womanly 女人气的，

wifely 妻子似的，fatherly 父亲般的，

childly 孩子般的，comradely 同志式

的

What are wifely duties?

什么是做妻子的责

任？

3

表示人的外貌、

特征、性格、心

理等的形容词

lovely 可爱的，friendly 友好的，ugly

难看的，lively 活泼的，lonely 孤独的，

unfriendly 不友好的，kindly 和蔼的，

sickly 病弱的，poorly 贫穷的，elderly

年长的，homely 朴实的、不漂亮的

Children are usually

lively.孩子们常常是精

力充沛的/活泼的。

4

表示事物特征、

环境、情况、状

态的形容词

likely 可能的，orderly 整齐的，costly

花费大的，deadly 致命的，mannerly

有礼貌的，chilly 冷的，disorderly 乱

七八糟的，unlikely 不可能的

Please leave our

classroom in an orderly

way.让我们的教室整整

齐齐的。

注意：elder 与 older，这两个词都是形容词 old 的比较级形式，区别在于：

(1) elder 指“年长的”，常修饰人，用来表示 出生顺序的前后和年龄的长幼，常作定语，

不可用于 than 引导的比较状语从句。(2) older 指“年纪较大的、较老的、较旧的”，修饰人

或物都行。既可作定语，也可作表语，可用于 than 引导的比较状语从句。如：My elder_brother

is two years older_than I．我的哥哥比我年长两岁。

例题解析

1．(2022·广东卷)Be patient! You should listen to what he is speaking first.

A．耐心 B．专心

C．细心 D．放松

【答案】 A

【解析】 本题考查形容词。句意：要有耐心！你应该先听他在说什么。“patient”意为

“耐心”，A 项符合题意和语境。故选 A 项。

2．(2021·广东卷)They lived in a big crowded city.

A．开放的 B．现代的

C．脏乱的 D．拥挤的

【答案】 D

【解析】 句意：他们居住在一座拥挤的大城市里。

3．(2021·广东卷)It is interesting that a small child can sing a song without understanding its

meaning fully.

A．部分地 B．悄悄地

C．完全地 D．仓促地

【答案】 C

【解析】 句意：有趣的是，小孩子可以在不完全理解歌曲含义的情况下唱一首歌。

4．(2021·广东卷)I haven't seen her for ____________.

A．such long time B．such a long time

C．so long time D．so a long time

【答案】 B

【解析】 考查 so 和 such 的用法。句意为：“我如此长的时间没有见过她。”such＋a/an

＋adj.＋可数名词单数＝so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数。故选 B。

5．Beijing Roast Duck smells ________and tastes ________，too.

A．good；well B．well；well

C．well；good D．good；good

【答案】 D

【解析】 考查形容词作表语。smell 和 taste 等感官动词是系动词，后面应该接形容词

作表语，故选 D。

课堂小练

(时间：40 分钟 分值：60 分)

一、选择题

1．The teacher is glad to see that Tony is ________than before.